Receptor agonists

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides a TGR5 receptor agonist comprising a fused ring compound represented by the formula  
                 
wherein ring A is an optionally substituted aromatic ring; and ring B′ is a 5- to 8-membered ring having one or more substituents or a salt thereof or a prodrug thereof, which is useful for the treatment of various diseases.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a TGR5 receptor agonist useful for the treatment of various diseases. Moreover, the present invention relates to a method of screening a ligand, an agonist or an antagonist for TGR5, which uses TGR5 and a TGR5 agonist having a fused ring skeleton.

BACKGROUND ART

TGR5 is a G-protein-coupled receptor protein, and an agonist or antagonist thereof is reported to be useful for the treatment of central nervous diseases, inflammatory diseases and the like (see WO01/77325, WO02/84286). However, a low molecular weight synthetic compound useful as a TGR5 agonist or antagonist has not been reported.

On the other hand, as a fused ring compound, the following compounds are reported.

-   1) A compound having a somatostatin receptor agonistic action, which     is represented by the formula     wherein ring A is an aromatic hydrocarbon optionally having     substituent(s) or an aromatic heterocycle optionally having     substituent(s); ring B is an aromatic hydrocarbon optionally having     substituent(s) or an aromatic heterocycle optionally having     substituent(s); Z is a cyclic group optionally having substituent(s)     or a chain hydrocarbon group optionally having substituent(s); R¹ is     a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group optionally having     substituent(s) or a heterocyclic group optionally having     substituent(s); R² is an optionally substituted amino group; D is a     bond or a divalent hydrocarbon group optionally having     substituent(s); E is a bond, —CON(R^(a))—, —N(R^(a))CO— or the like     (wherein R^(a) is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group optionally     having substituent(s)); G is a bond or a divalent hydrocarbon group     optionally having substituent(s); L is a divalent group; ring B is     optionally linked with R² to form a non-aromatic fused     nitrogen-containing heterocycle optionally having substituent(s); X     is two hydrogen atoms, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; and Y is a     nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, —N(R⁴)— (wherein R⁴ is a hydrogen     atom, a hydrocarbon optionally having substituent(s) or an acyl     group) or S(O)n (wherein n is 0, 1 or 2), or a salt thereof (see     WO98/47882). -   2) A compound useful for the treatment of brain disorder, memory     disorder and the like, which is represented by the formula     wherein R is H or the like; R¹ is H; R², R³ and R⁴ are each     independently H, alkyl, or aralkyl wherein aromatic moiety is     optionally substituted; or R¹ and R² in combination form a bond; R⁵     and R⁶ are each independently H, a halogen, a nitro, a cyano, a     trifluoromethyl, a lower alkyl or a lower alkoxy; and n is an     integer of 1 to 3, or a salt thereof (see U.S. Pat. No. 4,647,560). -   3) A compound having an enzyme induction activity, which is     represented by the formula     wherein R¹ is a hydrogen, a halogen, a trifluoromethyl or a nitro     group; R² is a hydrogen atom or a C₁₋₆ alkyl; R³ is an optionally     substituted lower alkyl group or the like; R⁴ is a hydrogen, a     chlorocarbonyl or a carbamoyl; and X is a hydrogen atom, a halogen     or a trifluoromethyl, or a salt thereof (see U.S. Pat. No.     4,329,341). -   4) A compound useful as a cholecystokinin (CCK) antagonist, which is     represented by the formula     wherein R¹ is H, a C₁₋₅ straight chain or branched alkyl or the     like; R² is H, a lower alkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl     or the like; R³ is —(CH₂)n-R⁷ (wherein n is 0 to 4 and R⁷ is a α- or     β-naphthyl or the like) or the like; R⁹ and R¹⁰ are each     independently H, OH or CH₃; R¹³ is H, O, a lower alkyl, an acyl or a     cyclo lower alkyl; p is 0 or 1; X¹ is H or the like; X⁷ is O, S or     the like; and r is 1 or 2, or a salt thereof (see EP-167919A). -   5) A compound of the following formula:     (see Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 6: 267-272 (1996)). -   6) A compound of the following formula:     (see Bioorg. Med. Chem., 7: 2427-2436 (1999)). -   7) A compound of the following formula:     (see Croatica Chem. Acta, 62: 245-265 (1989)). -   8) A compound of the following formula:     (see Chem. Pharm. Bull., 21: 742-751 (1973)). -   9) A compound having a tachykinin antagonistic action and useful for     inflammation, allergic disease and the like, which is represented by     the formula     wherein ring M is a heterocycle having —N═C<, —CO—N< or —CS—N< as a     partial structure: —X═Y<; R^(a) and R^(b) in combination form ring     A, or are the same or different and each is independently a hydrogen     atom or a substituent for ring M; ring A and ring B are each     independently an optionally substituted homocycle or heterocycle,     and at least one of them is an optionally substituted heterocycle;     ring C is an optionally substituted homocycle or heterocycle; ring Z     is an optionally substituted ring; and n is an integer of 1 to 6, or     a salt thereof (see EP-733632A, WO99/47132).

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

The present invention aims at provision of a TGR5 receptor agonist useful for the treatment of various diseases.

Other objects of the present invention are to provide a screening method of a TGR5 agonist or antagonist, which is more efficient than conventional methods, and to provide a compound effective for the prophylaxis or treatment of various diseases, in which TGR5 is involved, using such method.

The present inventors have conducted intensive studies in an attempt to obtain a compound useful as a TGR5 receptor agonist and first found that a fused ring compound represented by the formula

wherein ring A is an optionally substituted aromatic ring; and ring B′ is a 5- to 9-membered ring having one or more substituents, or a salt thereof [hereinafter sometimes to be abbreviated as compound (I)] has a superior TGR5 receptor agonistic action, which resulted in the completion of the present invention.

Moreover, the present inventors have found that the use of the above-mentioned fused ring compound instead of a physiological (natural) ligand permits simple and efficient screening for a ligand, agonist or antagonist for TGR5, which resulted in the completion of the present invention.

Accordingly, the present invention relates to

-   (1) a TGR5 receptor agonist comprising compound (I) or a prodrug     thereof; -   (2) the agonist of the aforementioned (1), wherein the compound (I)     has two or more substituents having a cyclic group; -   (3) the agonist of the aforementioned (1), wherein compound (I) is a     compound represented by the formula     wherein ring A is an optionally substituted aromatic ring; ring B is     a 6- to 8-membered ring having three or more substituents; Y is     —C(R¹)═, —CH(R¹)—, —N(R¹)— or —N═; and R¹ is a hydrogen atom or a     substituent; -   (4) the agonist of the aforementioned (1), wherein ring B′ is a 5-     to 8-membered ring having one or more substituents; -   (5) the agonist of the aforementioned (1), wherein compound (I) is a     compound represented by the formula     wherein ring Aa is an optionally substituted benzene ring; X is ═N—,     —NR⁶— (wherein R⁶ is a hydrogen atom or a substituent), —O— or     —S(O)n- (wherein n is 0, 1 or 2); . . . is void or a single bond;     R^(1a) and R³ are each independently a hydrogen atom, an optionally     substituted hydrocarbon group or an optionally substituted     heterocyclic group; and R² is an optionally substituted hydrocarbon     group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group; -   (6) the agonist of the aforementioned (5), wherein compound (I) is a     compound represented by the formula     wherein ring Aa is an optionally substituted benzene ring, Xa is     —O—, —S(O)n- (wherein n is 0, 1 or 2) or —NR⁶— (wherein R⁶ is a     hydrogen atom or a substituent); R^(1b) and R^(3a) are each     independently a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl     group, an optionally substituted C₂₋₆ alkenyl group, an optionally     substituted phenyl group, an optionally substituted aralkyl group or     an optionally substituted heterocyclic group; R⁴ is a hydrogen atom     or an optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group; and R⁵ is a hydrogen     atom, an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group, an optionally     substituted heterocyclic group, an optionally substituted amino     group, an optionally substituted hydroxy group or an optionally     substituted sulfonyl group, or R⁴ and R⁵ are optionally bonded to     each other to form, together with the adjacent nitrogen atom, an     optionally substituted nitrogen-containing heterocycle; -   (7) the agonist of the aforementioned (6), wherein R^(3a) is an     optionally substituted phenyl group; -   (8) the agonist of the aforementioned (7), wherein R^(3a) is a     phenyl group having substituent(s) at the meta position; -   (9) the agonist of the aforementioned (8), wherein the substituent     is an acylaminomethyl group; -   (10) the agonist of the aforementioned (6), wherein Xa is —O— or     —NR⁶— (wherein R⁶ is a hydrogen atom or a substituent); -   (11) the agonist of the aforementioned (6), wherein R^(1b) is an     optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group; -   (12) the agonist of the aforementioned (6), wherein R⁵ is an     optionally substituted benzyl group; -   (13) the agonist of the aforementioned (6), wherein ring Aa is a     benzene ring optionally substituted by a halogen atom, -   Xa is —O— or —S—, -   R^(1b) is an optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group or an     optionally substituted aralkyl group, -   R^(3a) is a phenyl group optionally substituted by substituent(s)     selected from 1) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by an     optionally substituted amino group, an optionally substituted     hydroxy group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, 2) an     optionally substituted amino group, 3) an optionally substituted     heterocyclic group and 4) an acyl group, -   R⁴ is a hydrogen atom, and -   R⁵ is an optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group, an optionally     substituted aralkyl group, an optionally substituted phenyl group,     an optionally substituted cycloalkyl group or an optionally     substituted heterocyclic group; -   (14) the agonist of the aforementioned (1), which is a regulator of     physiological function in which TGR5 is involved, or an agent for     the prophylaxis or treatment of pathology or disease in which TGR5     is involved; -   (15) the agonist of the aforementioned (1), which is a cytokine     production suppressor; -   (16) the agonist of the aforementioned (1), which is a GLP-1     secretion promoter or an insulin secretagogue; -   (17) the agonist of the aforementioned (1), which is an anorectic     agent, a pancreatic regenerator, a pancreatic β cell differentiation     promoter, a pancreatic β cell growth promoter or an insulin     sensitizer; -   (18) the agonist of the aforementioned (1), which is an agent for     the prophylaxis or treatment of cardiac failure, cardiac infarction,     acute kidney failure, angina pectoris, arrhythmia, bronchial asthma,     chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, arteriosclerosis, rheumatoid     arthritis, diabetes, obesity, insulin hyposecretion, pancreatic     fatigue, gastric ulcer, ulcerative colitis, allergy, osteoarthritis,     erythematosus, excessive immune reaction after transplantation or     infectious disease, or an immunosuppressant; -   (19) a method of activating a TGR5 receptor, which comprises     administering an effective amount of compound (I) or a prodrug     tereof to a mammal; -   (20) use of compound (I) or a prodrug thereof for the production of     a TGR5 receptor agonist; -   (21) a screening method of a ligand, an agonist or an antagonist for     TGR5 receptor, which comprises use of a TGR5 receptor protein or a     partial peptide thereof or a salt thereof, and compound (I) or a     prodrug thereof; -   (22) a screening kit for a ligand, an agonist or an antagonist for     TGR5 receptor, which comprises a TGR5 receptor protein or a partial     peptide thereof or a salt thereof, and compound (I) or a prodrug     thereof; -   (23) a compound represented by the formula     wherein ring Ab is an optionally substituted aromatic ring; Xb is a     divalent hydrocarbon group, —CO— or —SO₂—; Yb is a bond, a divalent     hydrocarbon group, —O—, —NRb⁵— (wherein Rb⁵ is a hydrogen atom, an     optionally substituted hydrocarbon group or an optionally     substituted heterocyclic group) or —S(O)_(nb)— (wherein nb is 0, 1     or 2); Lb is an optionally substituted cyclic group; Rb¹, Rb³ and     Rb⁴ are each independently a hydrogen atom, an optionally     substituted hydrocarbon group or an optionally substituted     heterocyclic group, or Rb³ and Rb⁴ in combination form an oxo group;     and Rb² is an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group or an     optionally substituted heterocyclic group, provided that Rb² is not     a 3-indolylmethyl group or a 1-methyl-3-indolylmethyl group, or a     salt thereof [hereinafter sometimes to be abbreviated as compound     (IB)]; -   (24) the compound of the aforementioned (23), wherein Rb² is     wherein Rb⁶ is a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted C₁₋₆     alkyl group; and Rb⁷ is a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted     hydrocarbon group, an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, an     optionally substituted amino group, an optionally substituted     hydroxy group or an optionally substituted sulfonyl group, or Rb⁶     and Rb⁷ are bonded to each other to form, together with the adjacent     nitrogen atom, an optionally substituted nitrogen-containing     heterocycle; -   (25) the compound of the aforementioned (23), wherein the aromatic     ring for ring Ab is a benzene ring; -   (26) the compound of the aforementioned (23), wherein Rb³ and Rb⁴     are each a hydrogen atom; -   (27) the compound of the aforementioned (23), wherein Xb is a C₁₋₆     alkylene group or —CO—; -   (28) the compound of the aforementioned (23), wherein Yb is a bond; -   (29) the compound of the aforementioned (23), wherein Rb¹ is an     optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group; -   (30) the compound of the aforementioned (23), wherein the cyclic     group for Lb is a heterocyclic group; -   (31) the compound of the aforementioned (30), wherein the     heterocyclic group is a pyridyl group; -   (32) the compound of the aforementioned (31), wherein the pyridyl     group is a 4-pyridyl group; -   (33) the compound of the aforementioned (24), wherein Rb⁷ is an     optionally substituted benzyl group; -   (34) a prodrug of the compound of the aforementioned (23); -   (35) a pharmaceutical agent comprising the compound of the     aforementioned (23) or a prodrug thereof; -   (36) the agonist of the aforementioned (1), wherein compound (I) is     a compound represented by the formula     wherein ring Ac is an optionally substituted aromatic ring; ring Bc     is a nitrogen-containing 6- to 9-membered ring optionally further     having substituent(s) besides -Lc-Rc; Xc is an optionally     substituted methylene group; Ar is an optionally substituted     aromatic group; Rc is an optionally substituted cyclic group; and Lc     is an optionally substituted C₁₋₃ alkylene group, —CONH—, —SO₂NH— or     —SO₂—; -   (37) a compound represented by the formula     wherein ring Ac is an optionally substituted aromatic ring; ring Bc     is a nitrogen-containing 6- to 9-membered ring optionally further     having substituent(s) besides -Lc-Rc; Xc is an optionally     substituted methylene group; Ar is an optionally substituted     aromatic group; Rc is an optionally substituted cyclic group; and Lc     is an optionally substituted C₁₋₃ alkylene group, —CONH—, —SO₂NH— or     —SO₂—, provided that Xc is not a methylene group substituted by an     oxo group, or a salt thereof [hereinafter sometimes to be     abbreviated as compound (IC)]; -   (38) the compound of the aforementioned (37), wherein ring Bc is a     nitrogen-containing 6- to 9-membered ring optionally further having     substituent(s) besides -Lc-Rc, and Ar is an optionally substituted     C₆₋₁₄ aryl group; -   (39) the compound of the aforementioned (37), wherein the aromatic     ring for ring Ac is a pyridine ring; -   (40) the compound of the aforementioned (37), which is represented     by the formula     wherein ring Ac¹ is an optionally substituted pyridine ring and     other symbols are as defined in the aforementioned (37); -   (41) the compound of the aforementioned (37), wherein ring Bc is -   (42) the compound of the aforementioned (37), wherein Xc is a     methylene group; -   (43) the compound of the aforementioned (37), wherein the cyclic     group for Rc is a phenyl group; -   (44) the compound of the aforementioned (37), wherein Rc is a     3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group; -   (45) the compound of the aforementioned (37), wherein Lc is a C₁₋₃     alkylene group optionally substituted by an oxo group or —SO₂—; -   (46) the compound of the aforementioned (37), wherein Ar is an     optionally substituted phenyl group; -   (47) a prodrug of the compound of the aforementioned (37); -   (48) a pharmaceutical agent comprising the compound of the     aforementioned (37) or a prodrug thereof; -   (49) a compound represented by the formula     wherein ring Aa and ring D are each independently an optionally     substituted benzene ring; R^(1b) is a hydrogen atom, an optionally     substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group, an optionally substituted C₂₋₆ alkenyl     group, an optionally substituted phenyl group, an optionally     substituted aralkyl group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic     group; L is —CH₂NHCOR⁷, —OCH₂CONR⁸R⁹ or —CH₂-Het (wherein R⁷ is a     hydrogen atom, a C₁₋₃ alkyl group or a C₁₋₃ alkoxy group; R⁸ is a     hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group; R⁹ is a     hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group or an     optionally substituted heterocyclic group; and Het is a     nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic group); at least one of Z¹     and Z² is —NR^(4a)— (wherein R^(4a) is a hydrogen atom or an     optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group) and the other is a bond or     —NR^(4a)— (wherein R^(4a) is as defined above); and R^(5a) is a     hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group or an     optionally substituted heterocyclic group, or when Z² is —NR^(4a)—     (wherein R^(4a) is as defined above), R^(5a) and R^(4a) are     optionally bonded to each other to form, together with the adjacent     nitrogen atom, an optionally substituted nitrogen-containing     heterocycle, or a salt thereof (provided that     3,5-trans-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)-5-(3-acetylaminomethylphenyl)-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepine-3-acetamide;     3,5-trans-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)-7-chloro-5-(3-methoxycarbonylaminomethylphenyl)-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepine-3-acetamide;     and     3,5-trans-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)-5-(3-acetylaminomethylphenyl)-1-(4-biphenylmethyl)-7-chloro-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepine-3-acetamide     are excluded) [hereinafter sometimes to be abbreviated as compound     (IA)]; -   (50) the compound of the aforementioned (49), wherein ring D is     substituted by L at the meta-position; -   (51) the compound of the aforementioned (49), wherein L is     —CH₂NHCOR⁷ (wherein R⁷ is a hydrogen atom, a C₁₋₃ alkyl group or a     C₁₋₃ alkoxy group); -   (52) the compound of the aforementioned (51), wherein R⁷ is a methyl     group or a methoxy group; -   (53) the compound of the aforementioned (49), wherein one of Z¹ and     Z² is —NH— and the other is a bond; -   (54) the compound of the aforementioned (49) wherein R^(1b) is an     optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group; -   (55) the compound of the aforementioned (49), wherein R^(5a) is an     optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group, an optionally substituted     C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl group, an optionally substituted C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₆     alkyl group, an optionally substituted phenyl group, an optionally     substituted C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl group or an optionally substituted     heterocyclic group; -   (56) the compound of the aforementioned (49), wherein R^(5a) is a     C₁₋₆ alkyl group substituted by an optionally substituted     heterocyclic group, an optionally substituted C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl group or     an optionally substituted C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkyl group; -   (57) a prodrug of the compound of the aforementioned (49); -   (58) a pharmaceutical agent comprising the compound of the     aforementioned (49) or a prodrug thereof; and the like.

Each substituent is defined in detail in the following.

As the aromatic ring for ring A, for example, an aromatic hydrocarbon and an aromatic heterocycle can be mentioned.

As the “aromatic hydrocarbon”, for example, a C₆₋₁₄ aromatic hydrocarbon (e.g., benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene) can be mentioned. Among them, benzene is preferable.

As the “aromatic heterocycle”, for example, a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic aromatic heterocycle having, as ring-constituting atom(s) besides a carbon atom, 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom and a sulfur atom, a fused ring of the monocyclic aromatic heterocycle and a benzene ring, and the like can be mentioned. As specific examples of the “aromatic heterocycle”, furan, thiophene, pyrrole, oxazole, isoxazole, thiazole, isothiazole, imidazole, pyrazole, 1,2,3-oxadiazole, 1,2,3-thiadiazole, 1,2,3-triazole, pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, 1,2,4-triazine, benzofuran, isobenzofuran, benzo[b]thiophene, indole, isoindole, 1H-indazole, benzimidazole, benzoxazole, 1,2-benzisoxazole, benzothiazole, 1,2-benzisothiazole, 1H-benzotriazole, quinoline, isoquinoline, cinnoline, quinazoline, quinoxaline, phthalazine, naphthyridine and the like can be mentioned.

The aromatic ring for ring A is preferably a monocyclic aromatic ring, more preferably a benzene ring or a pyridine ring, particularly preferably a benzene ring.

The aromatic ring for ring A optionally has 1 to 4 substituents at substitutable positions. As such substituents, for example, a halogen atom (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine), an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkyl group, an amino-C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., aminomethyl), a C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonylamino-C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., t-butoxycarbonylaminomethyl), a C₂₋₆ alkenyl group (e.g., vinyl, propenyl), a C₂₋₆ alkynyl group (e.g., ethynyl, propargyl), a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group (e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl), a heterocyclic group (e.g., monocyclic heterocyclic group such as furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, 1,2,3-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, furazanyl, 1,2,3-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl, 1,2,4-triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, triazinyl, oxiranyl, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, thietanyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, thiolanyl, 1,3-dioxolanyl, 1,3-dioxanyl, 1,4-dioxanyl, 1,3-dithianyl, 1,4-dithianyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, piperazinyl and the like; bi- or tricyclic fused heterocycle group such as benzofuryl, isobenzofuryl, benzo[b]thienyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, 1H-indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, 1,2-benzisoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, 1,2-benzisothiazolyl, 1H-benzotriazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, cinnolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl, purinyl, pteridinyl, carbazolyl, α-carbolinyl, β-carbolinyl, γ-carbolinyl, acridinyl, phenoxazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenazinyl, phenoxathiinyl, thianthrenyl, phenathridinyl, phenathrolinyl, indolizinyl, pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazinyl, pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridyl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridyl, imidazo[1,5-a]pyridyl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridazinyl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidinyl, 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridyl, 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazinyl, isochromanyl, chromanyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl and the like or a reduced form thereof), a C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl group (e.g., benzyl, phenethyl, phenylpropyl), an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, a C₆₋₁₄ aryloxy group (e.g., phenoxy), a heterocyclyloxy group (e.g., pyridyloxy), a C₇₋₁₄ aralkyloxy group (e.g., benzyloxy, phenethyloxy, phenylptopyloxy), a formyloxy group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyloxy group (e.g., acetyloxy), an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkylthio group, a C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl group (e.g., methylsulfinyl), a hydroxy group, a mercapto group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a carboxyl group, a formyl group, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyl group (e.g., acetyl, propionyl, trifluoroacetyl), a C₆₋₁₄ aryl-carbonyl group (e.g., benzoyl), a heterocyclyl-carbonyl group (e.g., nicotinoyl, isonicotinoyl, pyrrolidinocarbonyl, piperidinocarbonyl, morpholinocarbonyl, piperazinocarbonyl), a C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl group (e.g., methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl), a C₆₋₁₄ aryloxy-carbonyl group (e.g., phenoxycarbonyl), an amino group, a mono- or di-C₁₋₆ alkylamino group (e.g., methylamino, ethylamino, dimethylamino, diethylamino), a formylamino group, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonylamino group (e.g., acetylamino, propionylamino, butyrylamino, trifluoroacetylamino), a C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonylamino group (e.g., methoxycarbonylamino, ethoxycarbonylamino, propoxycarbonylamino, t-butoxycarbonylamino), an ureido group, a mono-, di- or tri-C₁₋₆ alkyl-ureido group (e.g., 1-methylureido, 3-methylureido, 3,3-dimethylureido, 1,3-dimethylureido, 1,3,3-trimethylureido), an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkyl-sulfonylamino group (e.g., methylsulfonylamino, trifluoromethanesulfonylamino), a carbamoyl group, a mono- or di-C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbamoyl group (e.g., N-methylcarbamoyl, N-ethylcarbamoyl, N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl, N,N-diethylcarbamoyl), a sulfo group, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl group (e.g., methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, propylsulfonyl, sec-propylsulfonyl, butylsulfonyl, t-butylsulfonyl, trifluoromethanesulfonyl), a C₆₋₁₄ arylsulfonyl group (e.g., phenylsulfonyl, naphthylsulfonyl), a heterocyclyl-sulfonyl group (e.g., pyridylsulfonyl, thienylsulfonyl, pyrrolidinosulfonyl, piperidinosulfonyl, morpholinosulfonyl, piperazinosulfonyl), a sulfamoyl group, a mono- or di-C₁₋₆ alkyl-sulfamoyl group (e.g., N-methylsulfamoyl, N-ethylsulfamoyl, N,N-dimethylsulfamoyl, N,N-diethylsulfamoyl), a C₆₋₁₄ aryl-carbonyl-C₁₋₆ alkoxy group (e.g., benzoylmethyloxy), a hydroxy-C₁₋₆ alkoxy group (e.g., hydroxyethyloxy), a C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl-C₁₋₆ alkoxy group (e.g., methoxycarbonylmethyloxy), a C₃₋₁₄ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkoxy group (e.g., cyclohexylmethyloxy), a heterocyclyl-C₁₋₆ alkoxy group (e.g., imidazol-1-ylpropyloxy), a C₇₋₁₄ aralkyloxy-carbonyl-C₁₋₆ alkoxy group (e.g., benzyloxycarbonylmethyloxy), a hydroxyphenyl-C₁₋₆ alkoxy group (e.g., [3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl]oxy), a C₇₋₁₄ aralkyloxy-carbonyl group (e.g., benzyloxycarbonyl), a mono- or di-C₁₋₆ alkylamino-C₁₋₆ alkoxy (e.g., methylaminoethoxy, ethylaminoethoxy, dimethylaminoethoxy), a mono- or di-C₁₋₆ alkylamino-carbonyloxy (e.g., methylaminocarbonyloxy, ethylaminocarbonyloxy, dimethylaminocarbonyloxy), an optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl group and the like can be mentioned.

As the aforementioned “optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkyl group”, for example, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, hexyl) optionally having 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3, halogen atoms (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine) can be mentioned. As specific examples, methyl, chloromethyl, difluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, trifluoromethyl, ethyl, 2-bromoethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, pentafluoroethyl, propyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, isopropyl, butyl, 4,4,4-trifluorobutyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, 5,5,5-trifluoropentyl, hexyl, 6,6,6-trifluorohexyl and the like can be mentioned.

As the aforementioned “optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkoxy group”, for example, a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group (e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentyloxy, hexyloxy) optionally having 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3, halogen atoms (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine), and the like can be mentioned. As specific examples, methoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, ethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, 4,4,4-trifluorobutoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, pentyloxy, isopentyloxy, hexyloxy and the like can be mentioned.

As the aforementioned “optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkylthio group”, for example, a C₁₋₆ alkylthio group (e.g., methylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, isopropylthio, butylthio, sec-butylthio, tert-butylthio, pentylthio, hexylthio) optionally having 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3, halogen atoms (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine), and the like can be mentioned. As specific examples, methylthio, difluoromethylthio, trifluoromethylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, isopropylthio, butylthio, 4,4,4-trifluorobutylthio, pentylthio, hexylthio and the like can be mentioned.

As the “C₆₋₁₄ aryl group” of the aforementioned “optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl group”, for example, phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl, phenanthryl, acenaphthylenyl and the like can be mentioned. The “C₆₋₁₄ aryl group” optionally has 1 to 4 substituents at substitutable positions. As such substituents, for example, a halogen atom (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine), a nitro group, a cyano group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, an amino group optionally mono- or di-substituted by a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., methylamino, dimethylamino, ethylamino), a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group (e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy) and the like can be mentioned.

Ring A is preferably an optionally substituted benzene ring, more preferably a benzene ring optionally substituted by a halogen atom (preferably a chlorine atom).

As ring A, a pyridine ring optionally substituted by substituent(s) selected from an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkyl group, an optionally substituted aromatic group and the like is also preferable. Here, as the “optionally substituted aromatic group”, the aforementioned “optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl group” and “heterocyclic group (only the aromatic ones)” can be mentioned. The “optionally substituted aromatic group” is preferably an “optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl group”, more preferably a phenyl group optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms and the like.

As the “5- to 9-membered ring” for ring B′, for example, a benzene ring, a C₅₋₉ non-aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon, a 5- to 9-membered aromatic heterocycle, a 5- to 9-membered non-aromatic heterocycle and the like can be mentioned.

Here, as the C₅₋₉ non-aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon, for example, a C₅₋₉ cycloalkane, a C₅₋₉ cycloalkene, a C₅₋₉ cycloalkadiene and the like can be mentioned.

As specific examples of the C₅₋₉ cycloalkane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane, cyclononane and the like can be mentioned.

As specific examples of the C₅₋₉ cycloalkene, cyclopentene, cyclohexene, cycloheptene, cyclooctene, cyclononene and the like can be mentioned.

As specific examples of the C₅₋₉ cycloalkadiene, cyclopenta-1,3-diene, cyclohexa-1,3-diene, cyclohexa-1,4-diene, cyclohepta-1,3-diene, cyclohepta-1,4-diene, cycloocta-1,3-diene, cycloocta-1,4-diene, cycloocta-1,5-diene and the like can be mentioned.

As the 5- to 9-membered aromatic heterocycle, for example, a 5- to 9-membered aromatic heterocycle having, as ring-constituting atom(s) besides a carbon atom, 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom and a sulfur atom can be mentioned. As specific examples of the 5- to 9-membered aromatic heterocycle, furan, thiophene, pyrrole, oxazole, isoxazole, thiazole, isothiazole, imidazole, pyrazole, oxadiazole, thiadiazole, triazole, tetrazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, azepine, diazepine, oxazepine, thiazepine, azocine, diazocine, oxazocine, thiazocine, azonine, diazonine, oxazonine, thiazonine and the like can be mentioned.

As the 5- to 9-membered non-aromatic heterocycle, for example, a 5- to 9-membered non-aromatic heterocycle having, as ring-constituting atom(s) besides a carbon atom, 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom and a sulfur atom can be mentioned. As specific examples of the 5- to 9-membered non-aromatic heterocycle, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrothiophene, pyrrolidine, imidazolidine, pyrazolidine, piperidine, dihydropyridine, dihydropyrazine, tetrahydropyrazine, 2,3-dehydromorpholine, 2,3-dehydrothiomorpholine, tetrahydropyrimidine, tetrahydropyridazine, dihydroazepine, tetrahydroazepine, dihydrodiazepine, tetrahydrodiazepine, dihydro[1,4]oxazepine, 2,3,4,7-tetrahydro[1,4]oxazepine, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro[1,4]oxazepine, dihydro[1,4]thiazepine, 2,3,4,7-tetrahydro[1,4]thiazepine, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro[1,4]thiazepine, tetrahydroazocine, hexahydroazocine, tetrahydrodiazocine, hexahydrodiazocine, tetrahydrooxazocine, tetrahydrothiazocine, tetrahydroazonine, hexahydroazonine, tetrahydrodiazonine, hexahydrodiazonine, tetrahydrooxazonine, pentahydrooxazonine, tetrahydrothiazonine, pentahydrothiazonine and the like can be mentioned.

The “5- to 9-membered ring” is preferably a 5- to 8-membered ring, more preferably a 5- to 8-membered non-aromatic heterocycle. Particularly, a 5- to 8-membered nitrogen-containing non-aromatic heterocycle containing one or more nitrogen atoms as ring-constituting atom(s) is preferable.

As preferable specific examples of the “5- to 9-membered ring”, the following rings can be mentioned.

The “5- to 9-membered ring” for ring B′ optionally has one or more (preferably 1 to 5) substituents at substitutable positions. As such substituents, for example, a nitro group, an oxo group, a thioxo group, a halogen atom (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine), a hydroxy group, a mercapto group, a cyano group, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, a C₆₋₁₄ aryloxy group (e.g., phenoxy), a C₇₋₁₄ aralkyloxy group (e.g., benzyloxy, phenethyloxy, phenylpropyloxy), a formyloxy group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyloxy group (e.g., acetyloxy), an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkylthio group, an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group, a carboxyl group, a formyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyl group (e.g., acetyl, propionyl), an optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl-carbonyl group (e.g., benzoyl), an optionally substituted heterocyclyl-carbonyl group (e.g., nicotinoyl, isonicotinoyl, pyrrolidinocarbonyl, piperidinocarbonyl, morpholinocarbonyl, piperazinocarbonyl), an optionally substituted C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl-carbonyl group (e.g., cyclopropylcarbonyl, cyclobutylcarbonyl, cyclopentylcarbonyl, cyclohexylcarbonyl), a C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl-carbonyl group (e.g., benzylcarbonyl), a C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl group (e.g., methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl), a C₆₋₁₄ aryloxy-carbonyl group (e.g., phenoxycarbonyl), a C₇₋₁₄ aralkyloxy-carbonyl group (e.g., benzyloxycarbonyl), an amino group, a mono- or di-C₁₋₆ alkylamino group (e.g., methylamino, ethylamino, dimethylamino, diethylamino), a formylamino group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonylamino group (e.g., acetylamino, propionylamino, butyrylamino), a carbamoyl group, a mono- or di-C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbamoyl group (e.g., N-methylcarbamoyl, N-ethylcarbamoyl, N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl, N,N-diethylcarbamoyl), an optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl-carbamoyl group (e.g., phenylcarbamoyl, naphthylcarbamoyl), an optionally substituted heterocyclyl-carbamoyl group (e.g., pyridylcarbamoyl, thienylcarbamoyl, pyrrolidinocarbamoyl, piperidinocarbamoyl, morpholinocarbamoyl, piperazinocarbamoyl), an optionally substituted C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl-carbamoyl group (e.g., cyclopropylcarbamoyl, cyclobutylcarbamoyl, cyclopentylcarbamoyl, cyclohexylcarbamoyl), a C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl-carbamoyl group (e.g., benzylcarbamoyl), a sulfo group, a C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl group (e.g., methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, propylsulfonyl, sec-propylsulfonyl, butylsulfonyl, t-butylsulfonyl), an optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ arylsulfonyl group (e.g., phenylsulfonyl, naphthylsulfonyl), an optionally substituted heterocyclyl-sulfonyl group (e.g., pyridylsulfonyl, thienylsulfonyl, pyrrolidinosulfonyl, piperidinosulfonyl, morpholinosulfonyl, piperazinosulfonyl), an optionally substituted C₃₋₈ cycloalkylsulfonyl group (e.g., cyclopropylsulfonyl, cyclobutylsulfonyl, cyclopentylsulfonyl, cyclohexylsulfonyl)), a C₇₋₁₄ aralkylsulfonyl group (e.g., benzylsulfonyl), a sulfamoyl group, a mono- or di-C₁₋₆ alkyl-sulfamoyl group (e.g., N-methylsulfamoyl, N-ethylsulfamoyl, N,N-dimethylsulfamoyl, N,N-diethylsulfamoyl), an optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ arylsulfamoyl group (e.g., phenylsulfamoyl, naphthylsulfamoyl), an optionally substituted heterocyclyl-sulfamoyl group (e.g., pyridylsulfamoyl, thienylsulfamoyl, pyrrolidinosulfamoyl, piperidinosulfamoyl, morpholinosulfamoyl, piperazinosulfamoyl), an optionally substituted C₃₋₈ cycloalkylsulfamoyl group (e.g., cyclopropylsulfamoyl, cyclobutylsulfamoyl, cyclopentylsulfamoyl, cyclohexylsulfamoyl), a C₇₋₁₄ aralkylsulfamoyl group (e.g., benzylsulfamoyl) and the like can be mentioned.

As the above-mentioned “optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkoxy group” and “optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkylthio group”, those exemplified as the substituents for ring A can be used.

As the “heterocyclic group” of the above-mentioned “optionally substituted heterocyclic group”, for example, a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic heterocyclic group having, as ring-constituting atom(s) besides a carbon atom, 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom and a sulfur atom (e.g., furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, 1,2,3-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, furazanyl, 1,2,3-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl, 1,2,4-triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, oxiranyl, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, thietanyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, thiolanyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, piperazinyl, dioxolanyl), a bi- or tricyclic fused heterocycle group (e.g., benzofuryl, isobenzofuryl, benzo[b]thienyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, 1H-indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, 1,2-benzisoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, 1,2-benzisothiazolyl, 1H-benzotriazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, cinnolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl, purinyl, pteridinyl, carbazolyl, α-carbolinyl, β-carbolinyl, γ-carbolinyl, acridinyl, phenoxazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenazinyl, phenoxathiinyl, thianthrenyl, phenathridinyl, phenathrolinyl, indolizinyl, pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazinyl, pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridyl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridyl, imidazo[1,5-a]pyridyl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridazinyl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidinyl, 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridyl, 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazinyl, isochromanyl, chromanyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, benzodioxolyl) and the like can be mentioned.

The “heterocyclic group” optionally has 1 to 5 substituents at substitutable positions, and as such substituents, those exemplified as the substituents for ring A can be used.

As the hydrocarbon group of the above-mentioned “optionally substituted hydrocarbon group”, for example, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group and a group obtained by combining these groups can be mentioned.

Here, the “aliphatic hydrocarbon group” is preferably a C₁₋₁₀ aliphatic hydrocarbon group (e.g., a C₁₋₁₀ alkyl group, a C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl group) and the like.

As the “C₁₋₁₀ alkyl group”, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, 1-methylpropyl, hexyl, isohexyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylpropyl, 2-ethylbutyl, heptyl and the like can be mentioned.

As the “C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl group”, for example, vinyl, allyl, isopropenyl, 2-methylallyl, 1-propenyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyl, 2-methyl-2-propenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-ethyl-1-butenyl, 2-methyl-1-butenyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 4-methyl-3-pentenyl, 1-hexenyl, 2-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 4-hexenyl, 5-hexenyl and the like can be mentioned.

As the “C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl group”, for example, ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl, 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl, 3-butynyl, 1-pentynyl, 2-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl, 4-pentynyl, 1-hexynyl, 2-hexynyl, 3-hexynyl, 4-hexynyl, 5-hexynyl and the like can be mentioned.

The “alicyclic hydrocarbon group” is preferably a C₃₋₁₀ alicyclic hydrocarbon group (e.g., a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₅₋₁₀ cycloalkadienyl group) and the like.

As the “C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl group”, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl and the like can be mentioned.

As the “C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkenyl group”, for example, 1-cyclobuten-1-yl, 1-cyclopenten-1-yl, 2-cyclopenten-1-yl, 3-cyclopenten-1-yl, 2-cyclohexen-1-yl, 3-cyclohexen-1-yl and the like can be mentioned.

As the “C₅₋₁₀ cycloalkadienyl group”, for example, 2,4-cyclopentadien-1-yl, 2,5-cyclohexadien-1-yl and the like can be mentioned.

As the “aryl group”, for example, a C₆₋₁₄ aryl group (e.g., phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl, phenanthryl, acenaphthylenyl, indenyl) and the like can be mentioned. The aryl group may be partially saturated and as the partially saturated aryl group, for example, indanyl, dihydronaphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl and the like can be mentioned.

As the “aralkyl group”, for example, a C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl group (e.g., benzyl, 1-phenethyl, 2-phenethyl, 2-phenylpropyl, 3-phenylpropyl, 4-phenylbutyl, 2-naphthylmethyl, benzhydryl), a trityl group and the like can be mentioned.

As the hydrocarbon group, moreover, a C₁₋₆ alkyl-C₆₋₁₄ aryl group (e.g., methylphenyl, ethylphenyl), a C₁₋₆ alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl group (e.g., methylcyclohexyl, ethylcyclohexyl), a C₁₋₆ alkyl-C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl group (e.g., methylbenzyl, ethylbenzyl), a C₁₋₆ alkylidene group (e.g., methylidene, ethylidene, propylidene), a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., cyclopropylmethyl, cyclohexylmethyl, cyclohexylethyl, cycloheptylmethyl) and the like can be also mentioned.

The above-mentioned “hydrocarbon group” optionally has 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3, substituents at substitutable positions. As such substituents, for example, a halogen atom (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine), a nitro group, a cyano group, an oxo group, an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkylthio group, an optionally substituted amino group, an optionally substituted hydroxy group, an acyl group, an optionally substituted carbamoyl group and the like can be mentioned.

Here, as the “optionally substituted heterocyclic group”, those exemplified as the substituents for ring B′ can be used. The “optionally substituted heterocyclic group” is preferably a nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic group (e.g., pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxadiazolyl, furazanyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl).

As the “optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkylthio group”, those exemplified as the substituents for ring A can be mentioned.

As the substituents for the “optionally substituted amino group”, for example, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl), a C₆₋₁₄ aryl group (e.g., phenyl) and a C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl group (e.g., benzyl), each optionally substituted by 1 to 5 halogen atoms (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine); an acyl group and the like can be mentioned. The number of the substituents is 1 or 2.

As the acyl group, a formyl group, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyl group (e;g., acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, t-butylcarbonyl, trifluoroacetyl), a C₆₋₁₄ aryl-carbonyl group (e.g., benzoyl), a heterocyclyl-carbonyl group (e.g., nicotinoyl, isonicotinoyl, pyrrolidinocarbonyl, piperidinocarbonyl, morpholinocarbonyl, piperazinocarbonyl), a C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl-carbonyl group (e.g., benzylcarbonyl), a C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl group (e.g., methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, sec-propoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, t-butoxycarbonyl), a C₇₋₁₄ aralkyloxy-carbonyl group (e.g., benzyloxycarbonyl), a C₆₋₁₄ aryloxy-carbonyl group (e.g., phenoxycarbonyl), a C₁₋₆ alkylthio-carbonyl group (e.g., methylthiocarbonyl, ethylthiocarbonyl), an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl group (e.g., methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, propylsulfonyl, sec-propylsulfonyl, butylsulfonyl, t-butylsulfonyl, trifluoromethanesulfonyl), a C₆₋₁₀ arylsulfonyl group (e.g., phenylsulfonyl, toluenesulfonyl), a heterocyclyl-sulfonyl group (e.g., pyridylsulfonyl, thienylsulfonyl, pyrrolidinosulfonyl, piperidinosulfonyl, morpholinosulfonyl, piperazinosulfonyl), a sulfamoyl group, a mono- or di-C₁₋₆ alkyl-sulfamoyl group (e.g., N-methylsulfamoyl, N-ethylsulfamoyl, N,N-dimethylsulfamoyl, N,N-diethylsulfamoyl), a carbamoyl group, a mono- or di-C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbamoyl group (e.g., N-methylcarbamoyl, N-ethylcarbamoyl, N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl, N,N-diethylcarbamoyl), a mono- or di-(heterocyclyl(preferably imidazolyl)-C₁₋₆ alkyl)-carbamoyl group (e.g., imidazolylpropylcarbamoyl), a mono- or di-C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl-carbamoyl group (e.g., benzylcarbamoyl, phenethylcarbamoyl), a mono- or di-C₆₋₁₄ aryl-carbamoyl group (e.g., phenylcarbamoyl, naphthylcarbamoyl), a mono- or di-heterocyclyl-carbamoyl group (e.g., pyridylcarbamoyl, thiazolylcarbamoyl), a carbazoyl group and the like can be mentioned. These acyl groups optionally have, at substitutable positions, 1 to 3 substituents selected from a halogen atom (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine), a nitro group, a cyano group, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkyl group, an amino group optionally mono- or di-substituted by a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., methylamino, dimethylamino, ethylamino), a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group (e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy) and the like.

As the substituent for the above-mentioned “optionally substituted hydroxy group”, for example, (i) an optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group, (ii) an optionally substituted C₆₋₁₀ aryl group, (iii) an optionally substituted C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl group, (iv) an acyl group and the like can be mentioned.

Here, as the “C₁₋₆ alkyl group” of the “optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group”, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, pentyl and the like can be mentioned.

The “C₁₋₆ alkyl group” optionally has 1 to 3 substituents at substitutable positions. As such substituents, for example, a halogen atom (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine), a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group (e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy), a formyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyl group (e.g., acetyl, propionyl, butyryl), a carboxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl group (e.g., methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, sec-propoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, t-butoxycarbonyl), an amino group, a mono- or di-C₁₋₆ alkylamino group (e.g., methylamino, ethylamino, dimethylamino, diethylamino), a 5- or 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group (e.g., pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, piperazinyl), a carbamoyl group, a mono- or di-C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbamoyl group (e.g., N-methylcarbamoyl, N-ethylcarbamoyl, N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl, N,N-diethylcarbamoyl), a mono- or di-(heterocyclyl(preferably imidazolyl)-C₁₋₆ alkyl)-carbamoyl group (e.g., imidazolylpropylcarbamoyl), a mono- or di-C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl-carbamoyl group (e.g., benzylcarbamoyl, phenethylcarbamoyl), a C₆₋₁₄ aryloxy group (e.g., phenoxy), a mono- or di-C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbamoyloxy group (e.g., N-methylcarbamoyloxy, N-ethylcarbamoyloxy, N,N-dimethylcarbamoyloxy, N,N-ethylcarbamoyloxy), a formylamino group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonylamino group (e.g., acetylamino, propionylamino, butyrylamino), a formyloxy group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyloxy group (e.g., acetoxy), an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl group (e.g., methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, propylsulfonyl, isopropylsulfonyl, butylsulfonyl, t-butylsulfonyl, trifluoromethanesulfonyl) and the like can be mentioned.

As the “C₆₋₁₀ aryl group” of the “optionally substituted C₆₋₁₀ aryl group”, for example, phenyl, naphthyl and the like can be mentioned.

As the “C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl group” of the “optionally substituted C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl group”, for example, benzyl, phenethyl and the like can be mentioned.

The above-mentioned “C₆₋₁₀ aryl group” and “C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl group” each optionally have 1 to 5 substituents at substitutable positions. As such substituents, for example, the substituents exemplified for the aforementioned “optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group”, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by 1 to 5 halogen atoms (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, trifluoromethyl) and the like can be mentioned.

As the “acyl group”, those exemplified as the substituents for the aforementioned “optionally substituted amino group” can be used.

As the “acyl group” exemplified as the substituents for the above-mentioned “hydrocarbon group”, a formyl group, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyl group (e.g., acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, t-butylcarbonyl, trifluoroacetyl) , a C₆₋₁₄ aryl-carbonyl group (e.g., benzoyl), a heterocyclyl-carbonyl group (e.g., nicotinoyl, isonicotinoyl, pyrrolidinocarbonyl, piperidinocarbonyl, morpholinocarbonyl, piperazinocarbonyl), a C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl group (e.g., methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, sec-propoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, t-butoxycarbonyl), a C₇₋₁₄ aralkyloxy-carbonyl group (e.g., benzyloxycarbonyl), a C₆₋₁₄ aryloxy-carbonyl group (e.g., phenoxycarbonyl), a C₁₋₆ alkylthio-carbonyl group (e.g., methylthiocarbonyl, ethylthiocarbonyl), an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl group (e.g., methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, propylsulfonyl, sec-propylsulfonyl, butylsulfonyl, t-butylsulfonyl, trifluoromethanesulfonyl), a C₆₋₁₀ arylsulfonyl group (e.g., phenylsulfonyl, toluenesulfonyl), a heterocyclyl-sulfonyl group (e.g., pyridylsulfonyl, thienylsulfonyl, pyrrolidinosulfonyl, piperidinosulfonyl, morpholinosulfonyl, piperazinosulfonyl) and the like can be mentioned.

As the “optionally substituted carbamoyl group” exemplified as the substituents for the above-mentioned “hydrocarbon group”, —CON(R⁴) (R⁵) [wherein R⁴ is a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and R⁵ is a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group, an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, an optionally substituted amino group, an optionally substituted hydroxy group or an optionally substituted sulfonyl group, or R⁴ and R⁵ are optionally bonded to each other to form, together with the adjacent nitrogen atom, an optionally substituted nitrogen-containing heterocycle] and the like can be mentioned.

Here, as the “optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group” for R⁴, the “optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group” exemplified as the substituents for the aforementioned “optionally substituted hydroxy group” can be used. Particularly, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group is preferable.

As the “hydrocarbon group” of the “optionally substituted hydrocarbon group” for R⁵, those similar to the “hydrocarbon group” of the “optionally substituted hydrocarbon group”, which is a substituent for ring B′, can be used.

The “hydrocarbon group” optionally has 1 to 3 substituents at substitutable positions. As such substituents, those exemplified as the substituents for the aforementioned “optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group” can be used.

As the “optionally substituted heterocyclic group”, “optionally substituted amino group” and “optionally substituted hydroxy group” for R⁵, those exemplified as the substituents for the “optionally substituted hydrocarbon group”, which is a substituent for ring B′, can be used respectively.

As the “optionally substituted sulfonyl group” for R⁵, for example, an optionally substituted C₆₋₁₀ arylsulfonyl (e.g., phenylsulfonyl, toluenesulfonyl), an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl group (e.g., methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, propylsulfonyl, sec-propylsulfonyl, butylsulfonyl, t-butylsulfonyl, trifluoromethanesulfonyl) and the like can be mentioned.

Here, as the substituents for the “optionally substituted C₆₋₁₀ arylsulfonyl”, for example, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkyl group, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, an optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl group, a heterocyclic group and the like can be mentioned. As these substituents, those exemplified as the substituents for ring A can be used respectively. The number of the substituents is, for example, 1 to 3.

As the “nitrogen-containing heterocycle” of the “optionally substituted nitrogen-containing heterocycle” formed by R⁴ and R⁵ bonded to each other, together with the adjacent nitrogen atom, for example, a 3- to 8-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycle containing, as ring-constituting atom(s) besides carbon atoms, at least one nitrogen atom, and optionally further containing 1 to 3 hetero atoms selected from a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom and an oxygen atom can be mentioned. As specific examples of such nitrogen-containing heterocycle, a monocyclic heterocycle such as aziridine, azetidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine, piperidine, piperazine, pyrrolidine, azepane, azocane, hexahydropyrimidine, 1,4-diazepane and the like; and a bicyclic heterocycle such as indoline, tetrahydroquinoline, tetrahydroisoquinoline, benzoxazine, benzoazepane, benzoxazepane and the like can be mentioned.

The “nitrogen-containing heterocycle” optionally has 1 to 4 substituents at substitutable positions, and as such substituents, those exemplified as the substituents for the aforementioned ring A can be used.

R⁴ is preferably a hydrogen atom.

R⁵ is preferably an optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group, an optionally substituted aralkyl group (preferably a C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl group), an optionally substituted C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkyl group, an optionally substituted phenyl group, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl group. (preferably a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl group) or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group.

Here, as preferable specific examples of the “optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group”, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (preferably methyl, ethyl, propyl) optionally having 1 to 3 substituents selected from a halogen atom, a carboxyl group, an optionally substituted heterocyclic group (preferably furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, tetrahydrofuranyl), a C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl group (preferably t-butoxycarbonyl) and the like, and the like can be mentioned.

As preferable specific examples of the “optionally substituted aralkyl group”, a C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl group (preferably benzyl, phenethyl, 2-phenylpropyl) optionally having 1 to 3 substituents selected from a halogen atom, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkyl group (preferably trifluoromethyl), a C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl group (preferably methylsulfonyl), a C₁₋₆ alkylthio group (preferably methylthio), a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group (preferably methoxy) and the like, and the like can be mentioned.

As preferable specific examples of the “optionally substituted C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkyl group”, a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkyl group (preferably cyclopropylmethyl, cyclohexylmethyl, cycloheptylmethyl) optionally having 1 to 3 substituents selected from a carboxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl group (preferably methoxycarbonyl) and the like, and the like can be mentioned.

As preferable specific examples of the “optionally substituted phenyl group”, a phenyl group and the like can be mentioned.

As preferable specific examples of the “optionally substituted cycloalkyl group”, a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl group (preferably cyclohexyl) and the like can be mentioned.

R⁵ is more preferably an optionally substituted aralkyl group (preferably a C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl, more preferably benzyl). R⁵ is particularly preferably a C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl (preferably benzyl) optionally substituted by a halogen atom (preferably a fluorine atom).

As the substituent for the “optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl-carbonyl group”, “optionally substituted heterocyclyl-carbonyl group”, “optionally substituted C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl-carbonyl group”, “optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl-carbamoyl group”, “optionally substituted heterocyclyl-carbamoyl group”, “optionally substituted C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl-carbamoyl group”, “optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ arylsulfonyl group”, “optionally substituted heterocyclyl-sulfonyl group”, “optionally substituted C₃₋₈ cycloalkylsulfonyl group”, “optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ arylsulfamoyl group”, “optionally substituted heterocyclyl-sulfamoyl group” and “optionally substituted C₃₋₈ cycloalkylsulfamoyl group”, those exemplified as the substituent for the “optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl group”, which is a substituent for ring A, can be mentioned. The number of the substituents is, for example, 1 to 4.

The substituent for ring B′ is preferably an oxo group, an optionally substituted heterocyclic group or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group, more preferably an oxo group or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group.

The compound (I) preferably has two or more (preferably 2 to 4) “substituents having a cyclic group”. The substituents may be present on either one of ring A and ring B′, or both ring A and ring B′. The two or more “substituents having a cyclic group” that compound (I) has may be the same as or different from each other.

The “substituent having a cyclic group” means a substituent having a cyclic group such as a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, a C₆₋₁₄ aryl group, a heterocyclic group and the like as a constituent element, and as specific examples thereof, the “C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group”, “heterocyclic group”, “C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl group”, “C₆₋₁₄ aryloxy group”, “heterocyclyloxy group”, “C₇₋₁₄ aralkyloxy group”, “C₆₋₁₄ aryloxy-carbonyl group”, “C₆₋₁₄ aryl-carbonyl-C₁₋₆ alkoxy group”, “C₃₋₁₄ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkoxy group”, “heterocyclyl-C₁₋₆ alkoxy group”, “C₇₋₁₄ aralkyloxy-carbonyl-C₁₋₆ alkoxy group”, “hydroxyphenyl-C₁₋₆ alkoxy group”, “C₇₋₁₄ aralkyloxy-carbonyl group” and “optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl group”, exemplified as the substituents for the aforementioned ring A; and the “optionally substituted heterocyclic group”, “optionally substituted hydrocarbon group (containing a cyclic group (e.g., a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, a C₆₋₁₄ aryl group, a heterocyclic group and the like) as a constituent element)”, “optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl-carbonyl group”, “optionally substituted heterocyclyl-carbonyl group”, “optionally substituted C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl-carbonyl group”, “C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl-carbonyl group”, “optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl-carbamoyl group”, “optionally substituted heterocyclyl-carbamoyl group”, “optionally substituted C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl-carbamoyl group”, “C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl-carbamoyl group”, “optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ arylsulfonyl group”, “optionally substituted heterocyclyl-sulfonyl group”, “optionally substituted C₃₋₈ cycloalkylsulfonyl group”, “C₇₋₁₄ aralkylsulfonyl group”, “optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ arylsulfamoyl group”, “optionally substituted heterocyclyl-sulfamoyl group”, “optionally substituted C₃₋₈ cycloalkylsulfamoyl group” and “C₇₋₁₄ aralkylsulfamoyl group”, exemplified as the substituents for ring B′, and the like can be mentioned.

The compound (I) is a compound preferably represented by the formula

wherein the symbols in the formula are as defined above, or a salt thereof [hereinafter sometimes to be abbreviated as compound (I′)].

As the “6- to 8-membered ring having three or more substituents” for ring B, a 6- to 8-membered ring having three or more substituents from the “5- to 9-membered ring having one or more substituents” for the aforementioned ring B′, can be mentioned.

Y is —C(R¹)═, —CH(R¹)—, —N(R¹)— or —N═, preferably —N(R¹)—.

R¹ is a hydrogen atom or a substituent, preferably a substituent. As the substituent, those exemplified as the substituents for ring B′ can be mentioned. Among them, an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group, an optionally substituted heterocyclic group and the like are preferable.

R¹ is preferably an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group, more preferably an optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group. Specifically, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group is preferable and neopentyl is particularly preferable.

When R¹ is a substituent, the substituent is counted as a substituent for ring B′. The number of the substituents for ring B′ is preferably 4.

The compound (I) is more preferably a compound represented by the formula

wherein the symbols in the formula are as defined above, or a salt thereof [hereinafter sometimes to be abbreviated as compound (II)].

Here, the benzene ring for ring Aa optionally has 1 to 4 substituents at substitutable positions, and as such substituents, those exemplified as the substituents for the aforementioned ring A can be used. The substituent for ring Aa is preferably a halogen atom (preferably a chlorine atom).

In the formula (II), when X is ═N—, then . . . is a single bond, and when X is —NR⁶—, —O— or —S(O)n-, then . . . is void.

As the substituents for R⁶, those exemplified as the substituents for ring B′ can be used.

R⁶ is preferably 1) an optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl-carbonyl group, an optionally substituted heterocyclyl-carbonyl group, an optionally substituted C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl-carbonyl group, a C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl-carbonyl group, a C₆₋₁₄ aryloxy-carbonyl group, a C₇₋₁₄ aralkyloxy-carbonyl group, an optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl-carbamoyl group, an optionally substituted heterocyclyl-carbamoyl group, an optionally substituted C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl-carbamoyl group, an C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl-carbamoyl group, an optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ arylsulfonyl group, an optionally substituted heterocyclyl-sulfonyl group, an optionally substituted C₃₋₈ cycloalkylsulfonyl group, a C₇₋₁₄ aralkylsulfonyl group, an optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ arylsulfamoyl group, an optionally substituted heterocyclyl-sulfamoyl group, an optionally substituted C₃₋₈ cycloalkylsulfamoyl group, a C₇₋₁₄ aralkylsulfamoyl group; 2) a C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl group or a C₁₋₁₀ alkyl group substituted by an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, and the like. Among them, an optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl-carbonyl group, an optionally substituted heterocyclyl-carbonyl group and the like are preferable.

As preferable specific examples of R⁶, a C₆₋₁₄ aryl-carbonyl group (preferably benzoyl) and a heterocyclyl-carbonyl group (preferably pyridyl-carbonyl, furyl-carbonyl, thienyl-carbonyl, pyrrolyl-carbonyl, oxazolyl-carbonyl, isoxazolyl-carbonyl, thiazolyl-carbonyl, isothiazolyl-carbonyl, pyrazinyl-carbonyl, piperidinyl-carbonyl, quinolyl-carbonyl or isoquinolyl-carbonyl), each optionally having 1 to 4 substituents selected from a halogen atom, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkyl group, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkylthio group, a hydroxy group, a mercapto group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a carboxyl group, a carbamoyl group, a formyl group, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl group, an amino group, a mono- or di-C₁₋₆ alkylamino group, a formylamino group, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonylamino group and the like can be mentioned.

X is preferably —O—, —S(O)n- or —NR⁶—, more preferably —O— or —NR⁶—.

As the “optionally substituted hydrocarbon group” and “optionally substituted heterocyclic group” for R^(1a), R³ or R², those exemplified as the substituents for ring B′ can be used. Here, as the “optionally substituted hydrocarbon group”, an optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group, an optionally substituted C₂₋₆ alkenyl group, an optionally substituted phenyl group, an optionally substituted aralkyl group (preferably a C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl group) and the like are preferable.

R^(1a) is preferably an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group, more preferably an optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group. Particularly, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by substituent(s) selected from 1) a heterocyclic group (preferably furyl, thienyl, quinolyl) optionally substituted by substituent(s) selected from a phenyl group optionally substituted by a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group and a heterocyclic group (preferably furyl, thienyl), 2) a hydroxy group, 3) a C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyloxy group (e.g., acetyloxy) and 4) a C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyloxy group (e.g., methylsulfonyloxy) is preferable. R^(1a) is particularly preferably a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, specifically neopentyl.

In the formula (II), when X is —O—, ═N— or —S(O)n-, then R³ is preferably an optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group. R³ is more preferably an optionally substituted phenyl group or an optionally substituted piperidinyl group. Among them, a phenyl group having substituent(s) at the meta position is preferable. As used herein, as the substituent on the phenyl group, 1) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by substituent(s) selected from a halogen atom, an optionally substituted amino group, an optionally substituted hydroxy group and an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, 2) an optionally substituted amino group, 3) an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, 4) an optionally substituted hydroxy group, 5) an acyl group and the like are preferable.

Here, as the “halogen atom”, “optionally substituted amino group”, “optionally substituted hydroxy group” and “optionally substituted heterocyclic group”, those exemplified as the substituent for the “optionally substituted hydrocarbon group”, which is a substituent for ring B′, can be used respectively. As the C₁₋₆ alkyl group, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, hexyl and the like can be mentioned.

As the “acyl group” which is a substituent on the phenyl group, those exemplified as the substituent for the “optionally substituted amino group”, which is a substituent for the “optionally substituted hydrocarbon group”, which is a substituent for ring B′ can be used.

As preferable specific examples of the substituent on the aforementioned phenyl group,

-   1) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by substituent(s)     selected from a halogen atom (preferably fluorine, chlorine), an     acylamino group (preferably a formylamino, a C₁₋₆     alkyl-carbonylamino group, a C₆₋₁₄ aryl-carbonylamino group, a C₁₋₆     alkoxy-carbonylamino group, a C₇₋₁₄ aralkyloxy-carbonylamino group,     a C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonylamino group, a carbamoylamino group or a mono-     or di-C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbamoylamino group, each optionally having 1 to 3     substituents selected from a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano     group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, an amino group optionally mono- or     di-substituted by a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₆ alkoxy     group and the like), an optionally substituted hydroxy group     (preferably a hydroxy group, a carboxyl-C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, a C₁₋₆     alkoxy-carbonyl-C₁₋₆ alkoxy group) and an optionally substituted     heterocyclic group (preferably a nitrogen-containing aromatic     heterocyclic group (e.g., pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl,     isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxadiazolyl, furazanyl,     thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl,     pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl)), -   2) an amino group, -   3) an optionally substituted heterocyclic group (preferably     dioxolanyl), -   4) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group optionally substituted by the substituent(s)     selected from a carbamoyl group, a mono- or di-C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbamoyl     group, a mono- or di-(heterocyclyl (preferably imidazolyl)-C₁₋₆     alkyl)-carbamoyl group (e.g., imidazolylpropylcarbamoyl) and a mono-     or di-C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl-carbamoyl group, and -   5) an acyl group (preferably formyl) can be mentioned.

The above-mentioned substituent on the phenyl group is more preferably, (1) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by an “optionally substituted amino group” or an “optionally substituted heterocyclic group”, or (2) an optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, and a acylaminomethyl group is particularly preferable.

Here, as preferable specific examples of the “optionally substituted amino group”, an acylamino and the like can be mentioned.

As the aforementioned acylamino, a formylamino, a C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonylamino group (e.g., acetylamino, propionylamino, butyrylamino, t-butylcarbonylamino), a C₆₋₁₄ aryl-carbonylamino group (e.g., benzoylamino), a C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonylamino group (e.g., methoxycarbonylamino, ethoxycarbonylamino, propoxycarbonylamino, sec-propoxycarbonylamino, butoxycarbonylamino, t-butoxycarbonylamino), a C₇₋₁₄ aralkyloxy-carbonylamino group (e.g., benzyloxycarbonylamino), a C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonylamino group (e.g., methylsulfonylamino, ethylsulfonylamino, propylsulfonylamino, sec-propylsulfonylamino, butylsulfonylamino, t-butylsulfonylamino), a carbamoylamino group, a mono- or di-C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbamoylamino group (e.g., N-methylcarbamoylamino, N-ethylcarbamoylamino, N,N-dimethylcarbamoylamino, N,N-diethylcarbamoylamino) and the like, each optionally having 1 to 3 substituents selected from a halogen atom (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine), a nitro group, a cyano group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, an amino group optionally mono- or di-substituted by a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., methylamino, dimethylamino, ethylamino), a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group (e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy) and the like are preferable. Among them, a formylamino, a C₁₋₃ alkyl-carbonylamino group, a C₁₋₃ alkoxy-carbonylamino group and the like are preferable. As preferable examples of the “optionally substituted heterocyclic group”, a nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic group, specifically an aromatic heterocyclic group having, as ring-constituting atom(s) besides carbon atoms, at least one nitrogen atom (e.g., pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxadiazolyl, furazanyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl) and the like can be mentioned from the heterocyclic groups exemplified as the substituents for ring B′.

As preferable specific examples of the “optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkoxy group”, a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group optionally substituted by substituent(s) selected from a carbamoyl group, a mono- or di-C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbamoyl group (e.g., N-methylcarbamoyl, N-ethylcarbamoyl, N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl, N,N-diethylcarbamoyl), a mono- or di-(heterocyclyl (preferably imidazolyl)-C₁₋₆ alkyl)-carbamoyl group (e.g., imidazolylpropylcarbamoyl) and a mono- or di-C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl-carbamoyl group (e.g., benzylcarbamoyl, phenethylcarbamoyl), and the like can be mentioned.

R³ is particularly preferably a phenyl group having an acylaminomethyl group at the meta position.

In the formula (II), when X is —NR⁶—, then R³ is preferably a hydrogen atom.

R² is preferably an “optionally substituted hydrocarbon group”, more preferably a C₁₋₆ alkyl group substituted by —CON(R⁴) (R⁵) [wherein R⁴ and R⁵ are as defined above].

The compound (II) is preferably a compound represented by the formula

wherein the symbols in the formula are as defined above, or a salt thereof [hereinafter sometimes to be abbreviated as compound (III)].

Xa is preferably —O—, —S— or —NR⁶—, more preferably —O— or —NR⁶—. Among them, —O— is particularly preferable.

As the “optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group”, “optionally substituted C₂₋₆ alkenyl group”, “optionally substituted phenyl group” and “optionally substituted aralkyl group” for R^(1b) or R^(3a), the “optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group”, “optionally substituted C₂₋₆ alkenyl group”, “optionally substituted phenyl group” and “optionally substituted aralkyl group (preferably a C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl group)” exemplified as the “optionally substituted hydrocarbon group” with regard to the aforementioned R^(1a) can be used respectively.

As the “optionally substituted heterocyclic group” for R^(1b) or R^(3a), those exemplified as the substituents for ring B′ can be used.

R^(1b) is preferably an optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group or an optionally substituted aralkyl group (preferably a C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl group), more preferably an optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group. Among them, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by substituent(s) selected from 1) a heterocyclic group (preferably furyl, thienyl, quinolyl) optionally substituted by substituent(s) selected from a phenyl group optionally substituted by a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group and a heterocyclic group (preferably furyl, thienyl), 2) a hydroxy group, 3) a C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyloxy group (e.g., acetyloxy) and 4) a C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyloxy group (e.g., methylsulfonyloxy) is preferable. R^(1b) is particularly preferably a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, specifically preferably neopentyl.

In the formula (III), when Xa is —O— or —S(O)n-, then R^(3a) is preferably an optionally substituted phenyl group or an optionally substituted piperidinyl group. Among them, a phenyl group having substituent(s) at the meta position is preferable. As used herein, as the substituent on the phenyl group, 1) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by substituent(s) selected from a halogen atom, an optionally substituted amino group, an optionally substituted hydroxy group and an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, 2) an optionally substituted amino group, 3) an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, 4) an optionally substituted hydroxy group, 5) an acyl group and the like are preferable, as in the case of the aforementioned R³.

Of the above-mentioned substituents, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by an optionally substituted amino group is preferable, and an acylaminomethyl group is particularly preferable.

Here, as the acylamino of the acylaminomethyl group, those used for the aforementioned R³ can be mentioned. R^(3a) is particularly preferably a phenyl group having an acylaminomethyl group at the meta position.

In the formula (III), when Xa is —NR⁶—, then R^(3a) is preferably a hydrogen atom.

Of compounds (III), a compound wherein

-   ring Aa is a benzene ring optionally substituted by a halogen atom, -   Xa is —O— or —S—, -   R^(1b) is an optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group or an     optionally substituted aralkyl group, -   R^(3a) is a phenyl group optionally substituted by substituent(s)     selected from 1) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by an     optionally substituted amino group, an optionally substituted     hydroxy group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, 2) an     optionally substituted amino group, 3) an optionally substituted     heterocyclic group and 4) an acyl group, R⁴ is a hydrogen atom, and -   R⁵ is an optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group, an optionally     substituted aralkyl group, an optionally substituted phenyl group,     an optionally substituted cycloalkyl group or an optionally     substituted heterocyclic group; and -   a compound wherein -   ring Aa is a benzene ring optionally substituted by a halogen atom, -   Xa is —NR⁶—, -   R⁶ is 1) an optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl-carbonyl group; 2) an     optionally substituted heterocyclyl-carbonyl group; 3) a C₇₋₁₄     aralkyl group; or 4) a C₁₋₁₀ alkyl group substituted by an     optionally substituted heterocyclic group, -   R^(1b) is an optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group or an     optionally substituted aralkyl group, -   R^(3a) is a hydrogen atom, -   R⁴ is a hydrogen atom, and -   R⁵ is an optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group, an optionally     substituted aralkyl group, an optionally substituted phenyl group,     an optionally substituted cycloalkyl group or an optionally     substituted heterocyclic group, are preferable.

As preferable specific examples of compound (III), a compound wherein

-   ring Aa is a benzene ring optionally substituted by a halogen atom, -   Xa is —O— or —S—, -   R^(1b) is a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by     substituent(s) selected from 1) a heterocyclic group (preferably     furyl, thienyl, quinolyl) optionally substituted by substituent(s)     selected from a phenyl group optionally substituted by a C₁₋₆ alkoxy     group and a heterocyclic group (preferably furyl, thienyl), 2) a     hydroxy group, 3) a C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyloxy group (e.g., acetyloxy)     and 4) a C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyloxy group (e.g., methylsulfonyloxy), -   R^(3a) is a phenyl group optionally substituted by substituent(s)     selected from 1) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by     substituent(s) selected from a halogen atom (preferably fluorine,     chlorine), an acylamino group (preferably a formylamino, a C₁₋₆     alkyl-carbonylamino group, a C₆₋₁₄ aryl-carbonylamino group, a C₁₋₆     alkoxy-carbonylamino group, a C₇₋₁₄ aralkyloxy-carbonylamino group,     a C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonylamino group, a carbamoylamino group or a mono-     or di-C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbamoylamino group, each of which optionally has     1 to 3 substituents selected from a halogen atom, a nitro group, a     cyano group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, an amino group optionally mono- or     di-substituted by a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₆ alkoxy     group and the like), an optionally substituted hydroxy group     (preferably a hydroxy group, a carboxyl-C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, a C₁₋₆     alkoxy-carbonyl-C₁₋₆ alkoxy group) and an optionally substituted     heterocyclic group (preferably a nitrogen-containing aromatic     heterocyclic group (e.g., pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl,     isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxadiazolyl, furazanyl,     thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl,     pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl)), -   2) an amino group, -   3) an optionally substituted heterocyclic group (preferably     dioxolanyl), -   4) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group optionally substituted by substituent(s)     selected from a carbamoyl group, a mono- or di-C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbamoyl     group, a mono- or di-(heterocyclyl (preferably imidazolyl)-C₁₋₆     alkyl)-carbamoyl group (e.g., imidazolylpropylcarbamoyl) and a mono-     or di-C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl-carbamoyl group and -   5) an acyl group (preferably formyl), -   R⁴ is a hydrogen atom, and -   R⁵ is (1) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having 1 to 3 substituents     selected from a halogen atom, a carboxyl group, an optionally     substituted heterocyclic group (preferably furyl, thienyl, pyridyl,     tetrahydrofuranyl), a C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl group and the like, (2) a     C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl group optionally having 1 to 3 substituents selected     from a halogen atom, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkyl group, a     C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkylthio group, a C₁₋₆ alkoxy     group and the like, (3) a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkyl group     optionally having 1 to 3 substituents selected from a carboxyl     group, a C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl group and the like, (4) a phenyl group     or (5) a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl group; -   a compound wherein -   ring Aa is a benzene ring optionally substituted by a halogen atom, -   Xa is —NR⁶—, -   R⁶ is a C₆₋₁₄ aryl-carbonyl group (preferably benzoyl) or a     heterocyclyl-carbonyl group (preferably pyridyl-carbonyl,     furyl-carbonyl, thienyl-carbonyl, pyrrolyl-carbonyl,     oxazolyl-carbonyl, isoxazolyl-carbonyl, thiazolyl-carbonyl,     isothiazolyl-carbonyl, pyrazinyl-carbonyl, piperidinyl-carbonyl,     quinolyl-carbonyl or isoquinolyl-carbonyl), each of which optionally     has 1 to 4 substituents selected from a halogen atom, an optionally     halogenated C₁₋₆ alkyl group, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkoxy     group, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkylthio group, a hydroxy     group, a mercapto group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a carboxyl     group, a carbamoyl group, a formyl group, an optionally halogenated     C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl group, an amino     group, a mono- or di-C₁₋₆ alkylamino group, a formylamino group, an     optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonylamino group and the like; -   R^(1b) is a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by     substituent(s) selected from 1) a heterocyclic group (preferably     furyl, thienyl, quinolyl) optionally substituted by substituent(s)     selected from a phenyl group optionally substituted by a C₁₋₆ alkoxy     group and a heterocyclic group (preferably furyl, thienyl), 2) a     hydroxy group, 3) a C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyloxy group (e.g., acetyloxy)     and 4) a C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyloxy group (e.g., methylsulfonyloxy), -   R^(3a) is a hydrogen atom, -   R⁴ is a hydrogen atom, and -   R⁵ is (1) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having 1 to 3 substituents     selected from a halogen atom, a carboxyl group, an optionally     substituted heterocyclic group (preferably furyl, thienyl, pyridyl,     tetrahydrofuranyl), a C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl group and the like, (2) a     C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl group optionally having 1 to 3 substituents selected     from a halogen atom, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkyl group, a     C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkylthio group, a C₁₋₆ alkoxy     group and the like, (3) a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkyl group     optionally having 1 to 3 substituents selected from a carboxyl     group, a C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl group and the like, (4) a phenyl group     or (5) a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl group; -   and the like can be also mentioned.

As compound (I), a compound represented by the formula

wherein the symbols in the formula are as defined above, or a salt thereof and the like can be also mentioned.

As the “optionally substituted aromatic ring” for ring Ab, those exemplified for the aforementioned ring A can be mentioned. The aromatic ring for ring Ab is preferably a benzene ring. The ring Ab is preferably a benzene ring.

As the “divalent hydrocarbon group” for Xb or Yb, for example,

-   (1) a C₁₋₆ alkylene group (e.g., —CH₂—, —(CH₂)₂—, —(CH₂)₃—,     —(CH₂)₄—, —(CH₂)₅—, —(CH₂)₆—, —CH(CH₃)—, —C(CH₃)₂—, —CH(CH₃)CH₂—,     —C(CH₃)₂CH₂—, —CH(CH₂CH₃)CH₂—, —(CH(CH₃))₂—, —(CH₂)₂C(CH₃)₂—,     —CH₂C(CH₃)₂CH₂—, —CH(CH₂CH₃)(CH₂)₂—, —(CH₂)₃C(CH₃)₂—,     —(CH₂)₃CH(CH₃)CH₂—); -   (2) a C₂₋₆ alkenylene group (e.g. , —CH═CH—, —CH₂—CH═CH—,     —C(CH₃)₂—CH═CH—, —CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—CH═CH—, —CH═CH—CH═CH—,     —CH═CH—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—); -   (3) a C₂₋₆ alkynylene group (e.g. , —C≡C—, —CH₂—C≡C—,     —CH₂—C≡C—CH₂—CH₂—); -   (4) a C₃₋₆ cycloalkylene group (e.g., cyclopropylene, cyclobutylene,     cyclopentylene, cyclohexylene); -   (5) a C₃₋₆ cycloalkenylene group (e.g., cyclopropenylene,     cyclobutenylene, cyclopentenylene, cyclohexenylene); -   (6) a phenylene group; -   and the like can be mentioned.

The “divalent hydrocarbon group” is preferably a C₁₋₆ alkylene group.

Xb is preferably a C₁₋₆ alkylene group (preferably —CH₂—) or —CO—, more preferably —CO—.

Yb is preferably a bond, a C₁₋₆ alkylene group (preferably —CH₂—) or —NH—, more preferably a bond.

In the “optionally substituted cyclic group” for Lb, as the cyclic group, for example, a heterocyclic group, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, an aryl group and the like can be mentioned. As the heterocyclic group, the heterocyclic group exemplified for the “optionally substituted heterocyclic group”, which is a substituent for the aforementioned ring B′ can be mentioned. As the alicyclic hydrocarbon group and aryl group, those exemplified as the hydrocarbon group of the “optionally substituted hydrocarbon group”, which is a substituent for the aforementioned ring B′ can be mentioned.

The cyclic group optionally has 1 to 4 substituents at substitutable positions. As such substituents, those similar to the substituents for the aforementioned ring A can be mentioned. The substituent is preferably a halogen atom (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine), an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkyl group, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkylthio group, a hydroxy group, a mercapto group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a carboxyl group, a carbamoyl group, a formyl group, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyl group (e.g., acetyl, propionyl, trifluoroacetyl), a C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl group (e.g., methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl), an amino group, a mono- or di-C₁₋₆ alkylamino group (e.g., methylamino, ethylamino, dimethylamino, diethylamino), a formylamino group, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonylamino group (e.g., acetylamino, propionylamino, butyrylamino, trifluoroacetylamino) and the like.

The cyclic group is preferably a phenyl group or a heterocyclic group (preferably pyridyl, furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyrazinyl, piperidinyl, quinolyl or isoquinolyl; more preferably pyridyl or quinolyl; particularly preferably pyridyl), more preferably a pyridyl group (preferably a 4-pyridyl group).

As the “optionally substituted hydrocarbon group” and “optionally substituted heterocyclic group” for Rb¹, Rb², Rb³, Rb⁴ or Rb⁵, those exemplified as the substituents for the aforementioned ring B′ can be used.

Rb¹ is preferably an optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group, more preferably a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by a C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyloxy group (e.g., acetyloxy). Particularly, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group is preferably, and neopentyl is particularly preferable.

Rb³, Rb⁴ and Rb⁵ are preferably hydrogen atoms.

Rb² is preferably an “optionally substituted hydrocarbon group”, more preferably a C₁₋₆ alkyl group substituted by —CON(Rb⁶)(Rb⁷) wherein Rb⁶ and Rb⁷ are as defined above. Particularly,

wherein Rb⁶ and Rb⁷ are as defined above, is preferable.

As used herein, as the “optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group” for Rb⁶, those exemplified for the aforementioned R⁴ can be mentioned.

As the “optionally substituted hydrocarbon group”, “optionally substituted heterocyclic group”, “optionally substituted amino group”, “optionally substituted hydroxy group” and “optionally substituted sulfonyl group” for Rb⁷, those exemplified for the aforementioned R⁵ can be mentioned.

As the “optionally substituted nitrogen-containing heterocycle” formed by Rb⁶ and Rb⁷ bonded to each other, together with the adjacent nitrogen atom, those similar to the “optionally substituted nitrogen-containing heterocycle” formed by aforementioned R⁴ and R⁵ can be mentioned.

Rb⁶ is preferably a hydrogen atom.

Rb⁷ is preferably an optionally substituted C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl group (preferably benzyl), more preferably a C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl (preferably benzyl) optionally substituted by substituent(s) selected from a halogen atom and an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkyl group. Particularly, a C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl (preferably benzyl) optionally substituted by a halogen atom (preferably a fluorine atom) is preferable.

Of compounds (IB), a compound wherein

-   ring Ab is a benzene ring; -   Xb is a C₁₋₆ alkylene group or —CO—; -   Yb is a bond; -   Lb is a pyridyl group (preferably a 4-pyridyl group) optionally     having 1 to 4 substituents selected from a halogen atom, an     optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkyl group, an optionally halogenated     C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkylthio group, a     hydroxy group, a mercapto group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a     carboxyl group, a carbamoyl group, a formyl group, an optionally     halogenated C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl group,     an amino group, a mono- or di-C₁₋₆ alkylamino group, a formylamino     group, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonylamino group and     the like; -   Rb¹ is a C₁₋₆ alkyl group; -   Rb³ and Rb⁴ are each a hydrogen atom; and -   Rb² is     Rb⁶ is a hydrogen atom, and Rb⁷ is a C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl (preferably     benzyl) optionally substituted by a halogen atom (preferably a     fluorine atom), is preferable.

As compound (I), a compound represented by the formula

wherein the symbols in the formula are as defined above, or a salt thereof and the like can be also mentioned.

As the “optionally substituted aromatic ring” for ring Ac, those exemplified for the aforementioned ring A can be mentioned. The aromatic ring is preferably a pyridine ring. In addition, ring Ac is preferably a pyridine ring optionally substituted by an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkyl group, more preferably a pyridine ring.

Of compounds (IC), a compound represented by the formula

wherein ring Ac¹ is an optionally substituted pyridine ring and other symbols are as defined above, is preferable.

As the “optionally substituted pyridine ring” for ring Ac¹, the “optionally substituted aromatic ring” for ring Ac, wherein the aromatic ring is a pyridine ring, can be mentioned. Ring Ac¹ is preferably a pyridine ring optionally substituted by an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkyl group, more preferably a pyridine ring.

As the “nitrogen-containing 6- to 9-membered ring” for ring Bc, the following nitrogen-containing 6- to 9-membered rings (preferably 6- to 8-membered rings) can be mentioned.

The “nitrogen-containing 6- to 9-membered ring” optionally has 1 to 4 substituents at substitutable positions, and as such substituents, for example, a halogen atom (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine), a nitro group, a cyano group, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkyl group, an amino group optionally mono- or di-substituted by a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., methylamino, dimethylamino, ethylamino), a hydroxy group, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkoxy group (e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy), an oxo group, a thioxo group, a carboxyl group, a formyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyl group (e.g., acetyl, propionyl), a C₆₋₁₄ aryl-carbonyl group (e.g., benzoyl), a C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl group (e.g., methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl) and the like can be mentioned.

Ring Bc is preferably

The methylene group for Xc optionally has 1 or 2 substituents. As such substituents, for example, a nitro group, a cyano group, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl), a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group (e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl), an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkylidene group (e.g., methylidene, ethylidene, propylidene), a C₆₋₁₄ aryl group (e.g., phenyl), a heterocyclic group (e.g., thienyl, furyl, pyridyl), a carboxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl group (e.g., methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl), a C₆₋₁₄ aryloxy-carbonyl group (e.g., phenoxycarbonyl), a carbamoyl group, a mono- or di-C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbamoyl group (e.g., N-methylcarbamoyl, N-ethylcarbamoyl, N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl, N,N-diethylcarbamoyl), an oxo group, a thioxo group and the like can be mentioned. Xc is preferably a methylene group.

As the “optionally substituted aromatic group” for Ar, the “optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl group” and “heterocyclic group (only the aromatic ones)” exemplified as the substituents for the aromatic ring for the aforementioned ring A can be mentioned. Ar is preferably an optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl group, more preferably an optionally substituted phenyl (preferably a phenyl group optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms), particularly preferably phenyl.

As the “optionally substituted cyclic group” for Rc, those exemplified for the aforementioned Lb and the like can be mentioned. The cyclic group is preferably phenyl, naphthyl (preferably 1-naphthyl group), indanyl, pyridyl, benzothienyl, benzofuryl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, benzodioxolyl and the like. The substituent for the cyclic group is preferably a halogen atom (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine), a nitro group, a cyano group, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkyl group, an amino-C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., aminomethyl), a C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonylamino-C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., t-butoxycarbonylaminomethyl), an amino group optionally mono- or di-substituted by a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., methylamino, dimethylamino, ethylamino), a hydroxy group, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkoxy group (e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy) and the like.

Rc is preferably a phenyl group optionally having 1 to 4 substituents selected from a halogen atom (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine), a nitro group, a cyano group, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkyl group, an amino-C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., aminomethyl), a C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonylamino-C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., t-butoxycarbonylaminomethyl), an amino group optionally mono- or di-substituted by a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., methylamino, dimethylamino, ethylamino), a hydroxy group, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkoxy group (e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy) and the like. Rc is more preferably a 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group.

As the “C₁₋₃ alkylene group” of the “optionally substituted C₁₋₃ alkylene group” for Lc, for example, —CH₂—, —(CH₂)₂—, —(CH₂)₃—, —CH(CH₃)—, —C(CH₃)₂—, —CH(CH₃)CH₂— and the like can be mentioned. Among them, a methylene group is preferable. The “C₁₋₃ alkylene group” optionally has 1 to 3 substituents at substitutable positions. As such substituents, for example, a halogen atom (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine), a nitro group, a cyano group, an amino group optionally mono- or di-substituted by a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., methylamino, dimethylamino, ethylamino), a hydroxy group, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkoxy group (e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy), an oxo group, a thioxo group, a C₆₋₁₄ aryl group (e.g., phenyl), a heterocyclic group (e.g., thienyl, furyl, pyridyl) and the like can be mentioned. Lc is preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group optionally substituted by an oxo group, or —SO₂—; more preferably —CH₂— (a methylene group), —CH(CH₃)—, —CO—, —COCH₂— or —SO₂—.

Of compounds (IC), the following compounds are preferable.

[Compound (IC-01)]

A compound wherein

-   ring Ac is a pyridine ring optionally substituted by an optionally     halogenated C₁₋₆ alkyl group; -   ring Bc is     Xc is a methylene group; -   Ar is a phenyl; -   Rc is a phenyl, naphthyl, benzothienyl or benzofuryl group     (preferably a phenyl group), each optionally having 1 to 4     substituents selected from a halogen atom (e.g., fluorine, chlorine,     bromine, iodine), a nitro group, a cyano group, an optionally     halogenated C₁₋₆ alkyl group, an amino group optionally mono- or     di-substituted by a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., methylamino,     dimethylamino, ethylamino), a hydroxy group, an optionally     halogenated C₁₋₆ alkoxy group (e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy,     isopropoxy) and the like; and Lc is a methylene group, —CO— or     —SO₂—.     [Compound (IC-02)]

A compound represented by the formula (IC′) wherein ring Ac¹ is a pyridine ring optionally substituted by an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkyl group;

-   ring Bc is     Xc is a methylene group; -   Ar is a phenyl group optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms; -   Rc is a phenyl, a naphthyl, a indanyl, a pyridyl, a benzothienyl, a     benzofuryl, a quinolyl, a isoquinolyl or a benzodioxolyl, each     optionally having 1 to 4 substituents selected from a halogen atom,     a nitro group, a cyano group, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkyl     group, an amino-C₁₋₆ alkyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonylamino-C₁₋₆     alkyl group, an amino group optionally mono- or di-substituted by a     C₁₋₆ alkyl group, a hydroxy group, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆     alkoxy group and the like; (Rc is particularly preferably a     3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group); and -   Lc is —CH₂—, —CH(CH₃)—, —CO— or —SO₂—.

As compound (I), a compound represented by the formula

wherein the symbols in the formula are as defined above, or a salt thereof (provided 3,5-trans-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)-5-(3-acetylaminomethylphenyl)-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepine-3-acetamide;

-   3,5-trans-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)-7-chloro-5-(3-methoxycarbonylaminomethylphenyl)-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepine-3-acetamide;     and -   3,5-trans-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)-5-(3-acetylaminomethylphenyl)-1-(4-biphenylmethyl)-7-chloro-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepine-3-acetamide     are excluded) and the like can be also mentioned.

The benzene ring for ring D optionally has 1 to 3 substituents besides L. As such substituents, for example, a halogen atom (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine), a nitro group, a cyano group, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkyl group, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, a hydroxy group, a carboxyl group, a formyl group, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyl group (e.g., acetyl, propionyl, trifluoroacetyl), a C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl group (e.g., methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl), an amino group, a mono- or di-C₁₋₆ alkylamino group (e.g., methylamino, ethylamino, dimethylamino, diethylamino) and the like can be mentioned. Among them, a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group and the like are preferable.

R^(1b) is preferably an optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group, more preferably, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by substituent(s) selected from 1) a heterocyclic group (preferably furyl, thienyl, quinolyl) optionally substituted by substituent(s) selected from a phenyl group optionally substituted by a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group and a heterocyclic group (preferably furyl, thienyl), 2) a hydroxy group, 3) a C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyloxy group (e.g., acetyloxy) and 4) a C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyloxy group (e.g., methylsulfonyloxy).

L is —CH₂NHCOR⁷, —OCH₂CONR⁸R⁹ or —CH₂-Het (wherein R⁷ is a hydrogen atom, a C₁₋₃ alkyl group or a C₁₋₃ alkoxy group; R⁸ is a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group; R⁹ is a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group; and Het is a nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic group). Particularly, —CH₂NHCOR⁷ (wherein R⁷ is as defined above) is preferable.

Here, as the C₁₋₃ alkyl group for R⁷, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl and the like can be mentioned.

As the C₁₋₃ alkoxy group for R⁷, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy and the like can be mentioned.

R⁷ is preferably a methyl group or a methoxy group.

As the “optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group” for R⁸, those exemplified for the aforementioned R⁴ can be used. As the “optionally substituted hydrocarbon group” and “optionally substituted heterocyclic group” for R⁹, those exemplified for the aforementioned R⁵ can be used respectively. R⁸ is preferably a hydrogen atom or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group. R⁹ is preferably a hydrogen atom, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by a heterocyclic group (preferably imidazolyl) or a C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl group (preferably phenethyl).

As the nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic group for Het, an aromatic heterocyclic group having at least one nitrogen atom as a ring-constituting atom (e.g., pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxadiazolyl, furazanyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl) can be used from the heterocyclic group exemplified as the substituents for ring B′. Particularly, imidazolyl and triazolyl are preferable.

Ring D is preferably substituted by L at the meta position.

As the “optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group” for R^(4a), those exemplified for the aforementioned R⁴ can be used. Particularly, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group is preferable. R^(4a) is preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, more preferably a hydrogen atom.

As the “optionally substituted hydrocarbon group” and “optionally substituted heterocyclic group” for R^(5a), those exemplified for the aforementioned R⁵ can be used respectively.

R^(5a) is preferably an “optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group”, an “optionally substituted C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl groups”, an “optionally substituted C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkyl group”, an “optionally substituted phenyl group”, an “optionally substituted C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl group” or an “optionally substituted heterocyclic group”.

Here, as preferable specific examples of the “optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group”, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (preferably methyl, ethyl, propyl) optionally having 1 to 3 substituents selected from a halogen atom, a carboxyl group, an optionally substituted heterocyclic group (preferably furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, tetrahydrofuranyl), a C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl group (preferably t-butoxycarbonyl) and the like, and the like can be mentioned.

As preferable specific examples of the “optionally substituted C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl group”, a C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl group (preferably benzyl, phenethyl, 2-phenylpropyl) optionally having 1 to 3 substituents selected from a halogen atom, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkyl group (preferably trifluoromethyl), a C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl group (preferably methylsulfonyl), a C₁₋₆ alkylthio group (preferably methylthio), a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group (preferably methoxy) and the like, and the like can be mentioned.

As preferable specific examples of the “optionally substituted C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkyl group”, a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkyl group (preferably cyclopropylmethyl, cyclohexylmethyl, cycloheptylmethyl) optionally having 1 to 3 substituents selected from a carboxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl group (preferably methoxycarbonyl) and the like, and the like can be mentioned.

As preferable specific examples of the “optionally substituted phenyl group”, a phenyl group and the like can be mentioned.

As preferable specific examples of the “optionally substituted C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl group”, a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl group (preferably cyclohexyl) and the like can be mentioned.

R^(5a) is more preferably a C₁₋₆ alkyl group substituted by an optionally substituted heterocyclic group (preferably furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, tetrahydrofuranyl), an optionally substituted C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl group or an optionally substituted C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkyl group.

When Z² is —NR^(4a)— (wherein R^(4a) is as defined above), as the “optionally substituted nitrogen-containing heterocycle” formed by R^(5a) and R^(4a) bonded to each other, together with the adjacent nitrogen atom, those similar to the “optionally substituted nitrogen-containing heterocycle” formed by the aforementioned R⁴ and R⁵ can be mentioned. Particularly, tetrahydroisoquinoline and the like are preferable.

In compound (IA), preferably, one of Z¹ and Z² is —NH— and the other is a bond.

Of compounds (IA), a compound wherein

-   ring Aa is a benzene ring optionally substituted by a halogen atom     (preferably a chlorine atom); -   ring D is a benzene ring optionally having a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group     besides L; -   R^(1b) is a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by     substituent(s) selected from 1) a heterocyclic group (preferably     furyl, thienyl, quinolyl) optionally substituted by substituent(s)     selected from a phenyl group optionally substituted by a C₁₋₆ alkoxy     group and a heterocyclic group (preferably furyl, thienyl), 2) a     hydroxy group, 3) a C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyloxy group and 4) a C₁₋₆     alkylsulfonyloxy group; -   L is —CH₂NHCOR⁷ (wherein R⁷ is a hydrogen atom, a C₁₋₃ alkyl group     or a C₁₋₃ alkoxy group) which substitutes the meta position of ring     D; -   R^(5a) is (1) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group substituted by an optionally     substituted heterocyclic group (preferably furyl, thienyl, pyridyl,     tetrahydrofuranyl); (2) a C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl group optionally having 1 to     3 substituents selected from a halogen atom, an optionally     halogenated C₁₋₆ alkyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₆     alkylthio group, a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group and the like; or (3) a C₃₋₁₀     cycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having 1 to 3 substituents     selected from a carboxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl group and the     like; and -   one of Z¹ and Z² is —NH— and the other is a bond (preferably Z¹ is a     bond, Z² is —NH—), is preferable.

As preferable specific examples of compound (I), the following compounds can be mentioned.

-   2-[3,5-trans-5-(3-aminophenyl)-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide, -   2-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-5-[3-([1,3]dioxolan-2-yl)phenyl]-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide, -   2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide, -   2-{3,5-trans-7-chloro-5-[3-(methanesulfonylaminomethyl)phenyl]-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl}-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide, -   N-[3-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-3-[2-[(2-fluorobenzyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-5-yl]benzyl]-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide, -   methyl     [3-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-3-[2-[(2-fluorobenzyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-5-yl]benzyl]carbamate, -   2-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-5-[3-[[[(methylamino)carbonyl]amino]methyl]phenyl]-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide, -   2-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-5-(3-formylphenyl)-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide, -   2-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-5-(3-hydroxymethylphenyl)-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide, -   N-[3-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-3-[2-[(2-fluorobenzyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-5-yl]benzyl]propanamide, -   N-[3-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-3-[2-[(2-fluorobenzyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-5-yl]benzyl]butanamide, -   ethyl     [3-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-3-[2-[(2-fluorobenzyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-5-yl]benzyl]carbamate, -   ethyl     3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepine-3-acetate, -   2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-benzylacetamide, -   2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-pyridylmethyl)acetamide, -   2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(cyclohexylmethyl)acetamide, -   2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-bromobenzyl)acetamide, -   2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)acetamide, -   methyl     [3-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-3-[2-oxo-2-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]amino]ethyl]-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-5-yl]benzyl]carbamate, -   methyl     [3-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-3-[2-[(cyclohexylmethyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-5-yl]benzyl]carbamate, -   N-{[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]methyl}-2-(2-fluorophenyl)acetamide, -   N-[3-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-3-[[[[(2-fluorobenzyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]methyl]-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-5-yl]benzyl]acetamide, -   3-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-3-[2-[(2-fluorobenzyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-1(5H)-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropyl     acetate, -   3-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-3-[2-[(2-fluorobenzyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-5-[3-(methoxycarbonylaminomethyl)phenyl]-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-1(5H)-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropyl     acetate, -   2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide, -   methyl     [3-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-3-[2-[(2-fluorobenzyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-1-(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-5-yl]benzyl]carbamate, -   3-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-5-[3-(methoxycarbonylaminomethyl)phenyl]-2-oxo-3-[2-oxo-2-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]amino]ethyl]-2,3-dihydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-1(5H)-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropyl     acetate, -   methyl     [3-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-1-(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)-2-oxo-3-[2-oxo-2-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]amino]ethyl]-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-5-yl]benzyl]carbamate, -   2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-furylmethyl)acetamide, -   N-(2-fluorobenzyl)-2-(4-isonicotinoyl-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl)acetamide, -   N-(2-fluorobenzyl)-2-[4-(2-methylisonicotinoyl)-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl]acetamide, -   2-[4-(2-chloroisonicotinoyl)-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide, -   N-(2-fluorobenzyl)-2-[1-neopentyl-2-oxo-4-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl]acetamide, -   4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine     hydrochloride, -   4-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine, -   4-(3,5-dinitrobenzyl)-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine, -   4-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine, -   5-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]-7-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazocine, -   4-{[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]sulfonyl)-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine, -   5-{[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]sulfonyl}-7-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazocine, -   4-(3,5-dichlorobenzoyl)-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine, -   4-{1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl}-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine     hydrochloride, -   4-{2-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl}-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine     hydrochloride, -   5-{[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]sulfonyl}-7-(4-fluorophenyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazocine, -   6-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]-8-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydropyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazonine.

Of compound (I), compound (IB), compound (IC) and compound (IA) are novel compounds.

As the salts of the compound represented by the formula (I) [including compounds represented by the formulas (I′), (II), (III), (IB), (IC) and (IA)], a pharmacologically acceptable salt is preferable, and salts with inorganic bases, salts with organic bases, salts with inorganic acids, salts with organic acids, salts with basic or acidic amino acids and the like can be mentioned.

Preferable examples of the salt with inorganic base include alkali metal salts such as sodium salt, potassium salt, lithium salt and the like; alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium salt, magnesium salt and the like; aluminum salt, ammonium salts, and the like.

Preferable examples of the salt with organic base include salts with trimethylamine, triethylamine, pyridine, picoline, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, dicyclohexylamine, N,N-dibenzylethylenediamine and the like.

Preferable examples of the salt with inorganic acid include salts with hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and the like.

Preferable examples of the salt with organic acid include salts with formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, fumaric acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, malic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and the like.

Preferable examples of the salt with basic amino acid include salts with arginine, lysine, ornithine and the like.

Preferable examples of the salt with acidic amino acid include salts with aspartic acid, glutamic acid and the like.

The compound (I) can be produced according to a method known per se, such as methods described in WO98/47882 (JP-A-11-209356), EP733632 and the like, or methods analogous thereto.

The production methods of compound (IB), compound (IC) and compound (IA) are described in detail below.

In the following production methods, when alkylation reaction, amidation reaction, esterification reaction, reductive reaction, reductive amination reaction and the like are performed, these reactions are carried out according to a method known per se. As such method, for example, methods described in ORGANIC FUNCTIONAL GROUP PREPARATIONS, 2nd ed., ACADEMIC PRESS, INC., 1989; Comprehensive Organic Transformations, VCH Publishers Inc., 1989 and the like can be mentioned.

In the following production methods, moreover, when a starting compound can form a salt, the compound may be used as a salt. As such salt, those exemplified as the salt of compound (I) can be used.

The compound (IB) can be produced by, for example, Method A to Method E shown below, or methods analogous thereto.

The compound (IB) can be produced by, for example, reacting compound (IBa) with compound (IBb). [Method A]

wherein Q¹ is a leaving group, and other symbols are as defined above.

As the leaving group for Q¹, for example, a halogen atom (e.g., chlorine, bromine, iodine), optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyloxy (e.g., methylsulfonyloxy, ethylsulfonyloxy, trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy), a C₆₋₁₀ arylsulfonyloxy optionally substituted by C₁₋₆ alkyl (e.g., benzenesulfonyloxy, toluenesulfonyloxy), hydroxy, C₁₋₆ alkoxy and the like can be mentioned.

[Method A-1]

When Xb is a divalent hydrocarbon group, Method A is performed according to an alkylation reaction known per se. In this case, the leaving group for Q¹ is preferably a halogen atom (e.g., chlorine, bromine, iodine), C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyloxy (e.g., methylsulfonyloxy), C₆₋₁₀ arylsulfonyloxy optionally substituted by C₁₋₆ alkyl (e.g., benzenesulfonyloxy, toluenesulfonyloxy), and the like.

This reaction is generally carried out in a solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction. As such solvent, for example, ether solvents (e.g., diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane), halogenated hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride), amide solvents (e.g., dimethylformamide), sulfoxide solvents (e.g., dimethylsulfoxide), nitrile solvents (e.g., acetonitrile) and the like can be mentioned. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof at an appropriate ratio.

Where necessary, this reaction may be carried out in the presence of a base (e.g., amines such as triethylamine, triethylenediamine, tetramethylethylenediamine and the like; alkali metal salts such as sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydride, potassium hydride and the like). The amount of the base to be used is generally 1 to 10 molar equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IBa).

The amount of compound (IBb) to be used is generally 1 to 10 molar equivalents, preferably 1 to 3 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IBa).

The reaction temperature is generally 0° C. to 150° C., preferably 20° C. to 100° C.

The reaction time is generally 1 to 48 hrs, preferably 1 to 20 hrs.

[Method A-1a]

The compound (IB) can be also produced by subjecting the compound (IBb′) and compound (IBa) to a reductive amination reaction using compound (IBb′) represented by formula: Rb⁸—CO—Xb′-Yb-Lb (wherein Rb⁸ is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group, Xb′ is a bond or a divalent hydrocarbon group, and other symbols are as defined above) instead of the aforementioned compound (IBb).

Here, as the hydrocarbon group for Rb⁸, those similar to the “hydrocarbon group” of the “optionally substituted hydrocarbon group”, which is a substituent for the aforementioned ring B′, can be used. The “hydrocarbon group” is preferably C₁₋₆ alkyl or the like. In addition, Rb⁸ is preferably a hydrogen atom or C₁₋₆ alkyl.

As the divalent hydrocarbon group for Xb′, those exemplified for the aforementioned Xb can be used. Xb′ is preferably a bond or C₁₋₅ alkylene.

This reaction is generally carried out in a solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction.

As the solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction, for example, ether solvents (e.g., diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane), hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., benzene, toluene, hexane, heptane), alcohol solvents (e.g., methanol, ethanol, propanol), ester solvents (e.g., methyl acetate, ethyl acetate) and the like can be mentioned. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof at an appropriate ratio. The reductive amination reaction is carried out by, for example, a catalytic reduction using palladium, platinum and the like as a catalyst; a reduction using a reducing agent (e.g., sodium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride, sodium triacetoxyboron) and the like. The amount of the reducing agent to be used is generally 0.5 to 10 equivalents, preferably 0.5 to 2 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IBa).

This reaction may be carried out in the presence of an acid (e.g., acetic acid) where necessary. The amount of the acid to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 2 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IBa).

The amount of compound (IBb′) to be used is generally 1 to 10 molar equivalents, preferably 1 to 2 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IBa).

The reaction temperature is generally 0° C. to 100° C., preferably 10° C. to 70° C.

The reaction time is generally 1 to 48 hrs, preferably 1 to 20 hrs.

The above-mentioned compound (IBb′) can be produced according to a method known per se.

[Method A-2]

When Xb is —CO—, Method A is performed according to an amidation reaction known per se. The amidation reaction is carried out using, for example, “a method of directly condensing compound (IBa) and compound (IBb)”, “a method of reacting a reactive derivative of compound (IBb) with compound (IBa)” and the like.

Here, the “method of directly condensing compound (IBa) and compound (IBb)” is generally carried out in the presence of a condensing agent in a solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction.

As the condensing agent, a condensing agent employed for general peptide synthesis are used, and specific examples thereof include carbodiimide condensing reagents such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, diisopropylcarbodiimide, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide and hydrochloride thereof and the like; phosphoric acid condensing reagents such as diethyl cyanophosphate, diphenylphosphoryl azide and the like; carbonyldiimidazole, 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and the like can be mentioned. The amount of the condensing agent to be used is generally 1 to 10 molar equivalents, preferably 1 to 2 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IBa).

As the solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction, for example, ether solvents (e.g., diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane), halogenated hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride), hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., benzene, toluene, hexane, heptane), amide solvents (e.g., dimethylformamide), nitrile solvents (e.g., acetonitrile) and the like can be mentioned. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof at an appropriate ratio.

Where necessary, this reaction may be carried out in the presence of a base (e.g., amines such as 4-dimethylaminopyridine, triethylamine, triethylenediamine, tetramethylethylenediamine and the like). The amount of the base to be used is generally 1 to 10 molar equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IBa).

The amount of compound (IBb) to be used is generally 1 to 10 molar equivalents, preferably 1 to 2 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IBa).

The reaction temperature is generally 0° C. to 150° C., preferably 10° C. to 50° C.

The reaction time is generally 1 to 48 hrs, preferably 1 to 20 hrs.

The aforementioned “method of reacting a reactive derivative of compound (IBb) with compound (IBa)” is generally carried out in a solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction.

Here, as the reactive derivative of compound (IBb), for example, acid halide, acid anhydride, activated ester, acid imidazolide, acid azide, haloformate, isocyanate and the like can be mentioned.

As the solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction, for example, ether solvents (e.g., diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane), halogenated hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride), hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., benzene, toluene, hexane, heptane), amide solvents (e.g., dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide), nitrile solvents (e.g., acetonitrile), amine solvents (e.g., pyridine), ester solvents (e.g., methyl acetate, ethyl acetate) and the like can be mentioned. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof at an appropriate ratio.

Where necessary, this reaction may be carried out in the presence of water and/or a base (e.g., amines such as 4-dimethylaminopyridine, triethylamine, triethylenediamine, tetramethylethylenediamine and the like; alkali metal salts such as sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydride, potassium hydride and the like). The amount of the base to be used is generally 1 to 10 molar equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IBa).

The amount of the reactive derivative of compound (IBb) to be used is generally 1 to 10 molar equivalents, preferably 1 to 3 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IBa).

The reaction temperature is generally −50° C. to 100° C., preferably 0° C. to 50° C.

The reaction time is generally 1 to 48 hrs, preferably 1 to 20 hrs.

[Method A-3]

When Xb is —SO₂—, Method A is performed according to a sulfonylation reaction known per se. In this case, the leaving group for Q¹ is preferably a halogen atom (e.g., chlorine, bromine, iodine).

This reaction is generally carried out in a solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction. As such solvent, for example, ether solvents (e.g., diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane), halogenated hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride), hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., benzene, toluene, hexane, heptane), ester solvents (e.g., methyl acetate, ethyl acetate), ketone solvents (e.g., acetone), amide solvents (e.g., dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide), sulfoxide solvents (e.g., dimethylsulfoxide), amine solvents (e.g., pyridine) and the like can be mentioned. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof at an appropriate ratio.

Where necessary, this reaction may be carried out in the presence of water and/or a base (e.g., amines such as 4-dimethylaminopyridine, triethylamine, triethylenediamine, tetramethylethylenediamine and the like; alkali metal salts such as sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydride, potassium hydride-and the like). The amount of the base to be used is generally 1 to 10 molar equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IBa).

The amount of compound (IBb) to be used is generally 1 to 10 molar equivalents, preferably 1 to 3 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IBa).

The reaction temperature is generally −50° C. to 100° C., preferably 0° C. to 50° C.

The reaction time is generally 1 to 48 hrs, preferably 1 to 20 hrs.

Compound (IBb) and compound (IBb) used as the starting compounds in this method can be produced according to a method known per se.

The compound (IB) can be also produced by, for example, subjecting compound (IBc) to a cyclization reaction. [Method B]

wherein Q² is a leaving group, and other symbols are as defined above.

As the leaving group for Q², for example, a halogen atom (e.g., chlorine, bromine, iodine), optionally halogenated C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyloxy (e.g., methylsulfonyloxy, ethylsulfonyloxy, trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy), C₆₋₁₀ arylsulfonyloxy optionally substituted by C₁₋₆ alkyl (e.g., benzenesulfonyloxy, toluenesulfonyloxy) and the like can be mentioned. Among them, a halogen atom (e.g., chlorine, bromine, iodine) is preferable.

This reaction is generally carried out in a solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction. As such solvent, for example, ether solvents (e.g., diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane), hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., benzene, toluene, hexane, heptane), halogenated hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride), alcohol solvents (e.g., methanol, ethanol, propanol), ketone solvents (e.g., acetone), amide solvents (e.g., dimethylformamide), sulfoxide solvents (e.g., dimethylsulfoxide), nitrile solvents (e.g., acetonitrile) and the like can be mentioned. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof at an appropriate ratio.

Where necessary, this reaction may be carried out in the presence of water and/or a base (e.g., alkali metal salts such as sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydride, potassium hydride and the like; alkali metal alkoxides such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide and the like). The amount of the base to be used is generally 1 to 10 molar equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IBc).

The reaction temperature is generally −20° C. to 200° C., preferably, 0C to 120° C.

The reaction time is generally 1 to 48 hrs, preferably 1 to 20 hrs.

The compound (IB) can be also produced by, for example, subjecting compound (IBd) to a cyclization reaction. [Method C]

wherein Q³ is a leaving group, and other symbols are as defined above.

As the leaving group for Q³, those exemplified for the aforementioned Q¹ can be mentioned. Particularly, hydroxy and C₁₋₆ alkoxy are preferable.

For example, when Q³ is hydroxy, this reaction is generally carried out in the presence of a condensing agent in a solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction.

Here, as the condensing agent, those exemplified in the aforementioned [Method A-2] can be used. The amount of the condensing agent to be used is generally 1 to 10 molar equivalents, preferably 1 to 2 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IBd).

As the solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction, for example, ether solvents (e.g., diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane), halogenated hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride), hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., benzene, toluene, hexane, heptane), amide solvents (e.g., dimethylformamide), nitrile solvents (e.g., acetonitrile) and the like can be mentioned. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof at an appropriate ratio.

Where necessary, this reaction may be carried out in the presence of a base (e.g., amines such as 4-dimethylaminopyridine, triethylamine, triethylenediamine, tetramethylethylenediamine and the like). The amount of the base to be used is generally 1 to 10 molar equivalents, preferably 1 to 2 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IBd).

The reaction temperature is generally 0° C. to 100° C., preferably 10° C. to 50° C.

The reaction time is generally 1 to 48 hrs, preferably 1 to 20 hrs.

When Q³ is C₁₋₆ alkoxy, this reaction is generally carried out in a solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction. As such solvent, for example, ether solvents (e.g., diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane), hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., benzene, toluene, hexane, heptane), halogenated hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride), alcohol solvents (e.g., methanol, ethanol), amide solvents (e.g., dimethylformamide), nitrile solvents (e.g., acetonitrile) and the like can be mentioned. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof at an appropriate ratio.

Where necessary, this reaction may be carried out in the presence of a base (e.g., alkali metal salts such as sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydride, potassium hydride and the like; alkali metal alkoxides such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide and the like).

When an aprotic solvent such as toluene and the like is used as a solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction, the reaction can be also carried out in the presence of a Lewis acid (e.g., trimethylaluminum).

The amount of the aforementioned base and Lewis acid to be used is generally 0.01 to 5 molar equivalents, preferably 0.1 to 1 molar equivalent, per 1 mol of compound (IBd).

The reaction temperature is generally −20° C. to 200° C., preferably 0° C. to 120° C.

The reaction time is generally 1 to 48 hrs, preferably 1 to 20 hrs.

The compounds (IB) obtained by the above-mentioned method can be isolated and purified by a known separation and purification means, such as concentration, concentration under reduced pressure, solvent extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, phase transfer, chromatography and the like.

Of compounds (IB), compound (IB-1) wherein Rb² is a methyl group substituted by an electron-withdrawing group selected from a C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl group, a C₆₋₁₄ aryloxy-carbonyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyl group, a C₆₋₁₄ aryl-carbonyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₆₋₁₀ arylsulfonyl group, a cyano group and a nitro group, can be produced by, for example, subjecting compound (IBe) to a cyclization reaction. [Method D]

wherein EWG is an electron-withdrawing group selected from a C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl group, a C₆₋₁₄ aryloxy-carbonyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyl group, a C₆₋₁₄ aryl-carbonyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₆₋₁₀ arylsulfonyl group, a cyano group and a nitro group, and other symbols are as defined above.

As the C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl group, C₆₋₁₄ aryloxy-carbonyl group, C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyl group, C₆₋₁₄ aryl-carbonyl group, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl group and C₆₋₁₀ arylsulfonyl group for EWG, those exemplified as the “substituent” for the “optionally substituted hydrocarbon group”, which is a substituent for the aforementioned ring B′ can be respectively used. Among them, C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl and the like are preferable.

This reaction is carried out in the same manner as in the aforementioned [Method B].

The compound (IB-1) thus obtained can be isolated and purified by a known separation and purification means, such as concentration, concentration under reduced pressure, solvent extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, phase transfer, chromatography and the like.

Of compounds (IB), compound (IB-3) wherein Rb² is —CH₂—CO—N(Rb⁶) (Rb⁷) [wherein the symbols are as defined above] can be produced by, for example, subjecting, from compounds (IB-1), compound (IB-1′) wherein EWG is a C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl group to hydrolysis reaction to give compound (IB-2) and reacting compound (IB-2) with compound (IBf). [Method E]

wherein Rb⁹ is a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and other symbols are as defined above.

As the C₁₋₆ alkyl group for Rb⁹, for example, methyl, ethyl, tert-butyl and the like can be mentioned.

The hydrolysis reaction of compound (IB-1′) is generally carried out in the presence of acid or base, in a solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction.

Here, as the acid or base, for example, mineral acids (e.g., nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid), alkali metal hydroxides (e.g., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide) and the like can be mentioned. The strength of these acid and base is preferably 1 to 10N, more preferably 1 to 6N.

As the solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction, for example, water, a mixed solvent of water and an ether solvent (e.g., diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane) or an alcohol solvent (e.g., methanol, ethanol, propanol) at an appropriate ratio and the like can be used.

The reaction temperature is generally 0° C. to 150° C., preferably 20° C. to 100° C.

The reaction time is generally 1 to 48 hrs, preferably 1 to 10 hrs.

The reaction of compound (IB-2) with compound (IBf) can be carried out in the same manner as in the reaction in the aforementioned [Method C] wherein Q³ is hydroxy.

The compound (IB-3) thus obtained can be isolated and purified by a known separation and purification means, such as concentration, concentration under reduced pressure, solvent extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, phase transfer, chromatography and the like.

The compound (IBf) used as the starting compound in this method is commercially available as a reagent, or can be produced according to a method known per se.

The compound (IBa) used as the starting compound in the aforementioned [Method A] can be produced by the method shown below. [Method F]

wherein Q⁴ and Q⁵ are each a leaving group, and other symbols are as defined above.

As the leaving group for Q⁴ or Q⁵, those exemplified for the aforementioned Q¹ can be mentioned. Q⁴ is preferably hydroxy, C₁₋₆ alkoxy and Q⁵ is preferably a halogen atom (e.g., chlorine, bromine, iodine).

In this method, compound (IBi) is produced by reacting compound (IBg) with compound (IBh). This reaction is carried out in the same manner as in the aforementioned [Method A-1].

By subjecting compound (IBi) to a cyclization reaction, compound (IBa) can be produced. This reaction is carried out in the same manner as in the aforementioned [Method C].

The compound (IBa) thus obtained can be isolated and purified by a known separation and purification means, such as concentration, concentration under reduced pressure, solvent extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, phase transfer, chromatography and the like.

The compound (IBg) and compound (IBh) used as the starting compounds in this method can be produced according to a method known per se.

Of compounds (IBa) used as the starting compound in the aforementioned [Method A], compound (IBa-1) wherein Rb² is a methyl group substituted by EWG (as defined above), can be also produced by, for example, the method shown below. [Method G]

wherein Hal is a halogen atom, Rb¹⁰ is an amino-protecting group, and other symbols are as defined above.

As the halogen atom for Hal, chlorine, bromine, iodine and the like can be mentioned. Among them, chlorine is preferable.

As the an amino-protecting group for Rb¹⁰, for example, formyl, C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyl (e.g., acetyl, propionyl and the like), C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl (e.g., methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl and the like), benzoyl, C₇₋₁₃ aralkyl-carbonyl (e.g., benzylcarbonyl and the like), C₇₋₁₃ aralkyloxy-carbonyl (e.g., benzyloxycarbonyl, 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl and the like), trityl, phthaloyl, N,N-dimethylaminomethylene, silyl (e.g., trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, dimethylphenylsilyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, tert-butyldiethylsilyl and the like), C₇₋₁₃ aralkyl (e.g., benzyl), C₂₋₆ alkenyl (e.g., 1-allyl and the like) and the like can be mentioned. These groups are optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and the like), C₁₋₆ alkoxy (e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy and the like), nitro and the like. Rb¹⁰ is preferably C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl or C₇₋₁₃ aralkyloxy-carbonyl, more preferably tert-butoxycarbonyl or benzyloxycarbonyl.

In this method, compound (IBg) is subjected to a protective reaction (protection of amino group) to give compound (IBj), which is reacted with compound (IBk) to give compound (IBl), which is subjected to a deprotective reaction (deprotection of amino group) and further to a cyclization reaction to give compound (IBa-1)

The protective reaction and deprotective reaction are carried out according to a method known per se, such as the method described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons (1980), or a method analogous thereto.

For example, when Rb¹⁰ is tert-butoxycarbonyl, the protective reaction is carried out by reacting compound (IBg) with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate in a solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction.

Here, as the solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction, for example, ether solvents (e.g., diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane), halogenated hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride), hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., benzene, toluene, hexane, heptane), amide solvents (e.g., dimethylformamide), nitrile solvents (e.g., acetonitrile), amine solvents (e.g., pyridine), ester solvents (e.g., methyl acetate, ethyl acetate) and the like can be mentioned. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof at an appropriate ratio.

This reaction may be carried out in the presence of, where necessary, water and/or a base (e.g., amines such as 4-dimethylaminopyridine, triethylamine, triethylenediamine, tetramethylethylenediamine and the like; alkali metal salts such as sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydride, potassium hydride and the like). The amount of the base to be used is generally 0 to 5 equivalents, preferably 1 to 1.5 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IBg).

The amount of di-tert-butyl dicarbonate to be used is generally 1 to 2 molar equivalents, preferably 1 to 1.2 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IBg).

The reaction temperature is generally −50° C. to 100° C., preferably 0° C. to 50° C.

The reaction time is generally 1 to 48 hrs, preferably 1 to 20 hrs.

The reaction between compound (IBj) and compound (IBk) is carried out in the same manner as in the “method for reacting a reactive derivative of compound (IBb) with compound (IBa)” in the aforementioned [Method A-2].

When Rb¹⁰ is tert-butoxycarbonyl, the deprotective reaction is carried out by, for example, reacting compound (IBl) with acid (e.g., hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, solution of hydrogen chloride in ethyl acetate etc.).

The reaction temperature is generally −20° C. to 50° C., preferably 0° C. to 30° C.

The reaction time is generally 1 to 20 hrs, preferably 1 to 5 hrs.

The cyclization reaction of the deprotected compound (IBl) is generally carried out in a solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction. As such solvent, for example, ether solvents (e.g., diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane), halogenated hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride), alcohol solvents (e.g., methanol, ethanol, propanol), hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., benzene, toluene, hexane, heptane), nitrile solvents (e.g., acetonitrile), ester solvents (e.g., methyl acetate, ethyl acetate) and the like can be mentioned. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof at an appropriate ratio.

Where necessary, this reaction may be carried out in the presence of a base (e.g., alkali metal salts such as sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydride, potassium hydride and the like; alkali metal alkoxides such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide and the like). The amount of the base to be used is generally 0.1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 0.1 to 2 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of the deprotected compound (IBl).

The reaction temperature is generally −20° C. to 100° C., preferably 0° C. to 50° C.

The reaction time is generally 1 to 48 hrs, preferably 1 to 20 hrs.

Compound (IBa-1) thus obtained can be isolated and purified by a known separation and purification means, such as concentration, concentration under reduced pressure, solvent extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, phase transfer, chromatography and the like.

The compound (IBk) used as the starting compound in this method can be produced according to a method known per se.

Of compounds (IBj) used in the aforementioned [Method G], compound (IBj-1) wherein Rb¹ is a hydrogen atom and Rb¹⁰ is C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl, can be also produced by the method shown below. [Method H]

wherein Rb^(10′) is C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl, Rb¹¹ is C₁₋₆ alkyl, and other symbols are as defined above.

As the C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl for Rb^(10′), those exemplified for the aforementioned Rb¹⁰ can be mentioned. Particularly, tert-butoxycarbonyl is preferable. As the C₁₋₆ alkyl for Rb¹¹, for example, methyl, ethyl, tert-butyl and the like can be mentioned. Among them, tert-butyl is preferable.

In this method, compound (IBm) is reacted with diphenylphosphoryl azide to give compound (IBn), which is then subjected to a Curtius rearrangement reaction to give compound (IBo), which is then reacted with compound (IBp) to give compound (IBq), which is then subjected to a reductive reaction to give compound (IBj-1).

This method is performed according to a method known per se.

First, compound (IBm) is reacted with diphenylphosphoryl azide generally in a solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction in the presence of a base.

As the solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction, for example, hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., benzene, toluene, hexane, heptane), ether solvents (e.g., diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane), halogenated hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride), amide solvents (e.g., dimethylformamide) and the like can be mentioned. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof at an appropriate ratio.

As the base, for example, amines such as triethylamine, triethylenediamine, pyridine and the like can be mentioned.

The amount of each of diphenylphosphoryl azide and the base to be used is generally 1 to 10 molar equivalents, preferably 1 to 3 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IBm).

The reaction temperature is generally −20° C. to 50° C., preferably 0° C. to 30° C.

The reaction time is generally 0.5 to 5 hrs, preferably 1 to 2 hrs.

The Curtius rearrangement reaction is carried out by, for example, heating compound (IBn) in a solvent such as hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., benzene, toluene) and the like.

The temperature during heating is generally 50° C. to 150° C., preferably 80° C. to 120° C.

The time of heating is generally 1 to 10 hrs, preferably 1 to 5 hrs.

The compound (IBo) can be reacted with compound (IBp) generally in a solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction. As such solvent, for example, hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., benzene, toluene) and the like can be mentioned.

Where necessary, this reaction may be carried out in the presence of a base (e.g., pyridine). The amount of the base to be used is generally 0.1 to 5 equivalents per 1 mol of compound (IBo).

The amount of compound (IBp) to be used is generally 1 to 10 molar equivalents, preferably 1 to 3 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IBo).

The reaction temperature is generally 20° C. to 150° C., preferably 50° C. to 120° C.

The reaction time is generally 1 to 48 hrs, preferably 1 to 20 hrs.

The reductive reaction of compound (IBq) can be carried out according to a method known per se.

The reductive reaction is specifically carried out by a catalytic reduction using palladium, platinum and the like as a catalyst; a reduction using iron or zinc and the like in acetic acid; a reduction using sodium hydrosulfite; and the like.

The reductive reaction is generally carried out in a solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction. As such solvent, for example, ether solvents (e.g., diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane), halogenated hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride), alcohol solvents (e.g., methanol, ethanol, propanol), hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., benzene, toluene, hexane, heptane), nitrile solvents (e.g., acetonitrile), ester solvents (e.g., methyl acetate, ethyl acetate), water and the like can be mentioned. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof at an appropriate ratio.

The reaction temperature is generally 0° C. to 100° C., preferably 20° C. to 50° C.

The reaction time is generally 1 to 48 hrs, preferably 1 to 20 hrs.

The compound (IBj-1) thus obtained can be isolated and purified by a known separation and purification means, such as concentration, concentration under reduced pressure, solvent extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, phase transfer, chromatography and the like.

The compound (IBm) and compound (IBp) used as the starting compounds in this method can be produced according to a method known per se.

Of compounds (IBa) used as the starting compound in the aforementioned [Method A], compound (IBa-2) wherein Rb³ and Rb⁴ are hydrogen atoms, can be also produced by, for example, the method shown below. [Method I]

wherein the symbols in the formula are as defined above.

In this method, compound (IBr) is subjected to a thioamidation reaction to give compound (IBs), which is subjected to a reductive reaction to give compound (IBa-2).

The thioamidation reaction is carried out by reacting compound (IBr) with a sulfurating reagent in a solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction.

As the sulfurating reagent, for example, Lawesson reagent, phosphorus pentasulfide and the like can be mentioned. The amount of the sulfurating reagent to be used is generally 1 to 10 molar equivalents, preferably 1 to 3 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IBr).

As the solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction, for example, ether solvents (e.g., diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane), hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., benzene, toluene, hexane, heptane), alcohol solvents (e.g., methanol, ethanol, propanol), halogenated hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., dichloromethane, chloroform), amide solvents (e.g., hexamethylphosphoric triamide), amine solvents (e.g., pyridine), sulfoxide solvents (e.g., dimethylsulfoxide) and the like can be mentioned. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof at an appropriate ratio.

The reaction temperature is generally 0° C. to 150° C., preferably 50° C. to 100° C.

The reaction time is generally 1 to 48 hrs, preferably 1 to 10 hrs.

The reductive reaction of compound (IBs) can be carried out according to a method known per se. The reductive reaction is carried out by, for example, reacting compound (IBs) with Raney-nickel in a solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction. As such solvent, for example, alcohol solvents (e.g., methanol, ethanol, propanol), ether solvents (e.g., diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane) and the like can be mentioned. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof at an appropriate ratio. The reaction temperature is generally 0° C. to 150° C., preferably 10° C. to 100° C.

The reaction time is generally 1 to 48 hrs, preferably 1 to 20 hrs.

The compound (IBa-2) thus obtained can be isolated and purified by a known separation and purification means, such as concentration, concentration under reduced pressure, solvent extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, phase transfer, chromatography and the like.

The compound (IBr) used as the starting compound in this method can be produced according to a method known per se.

Compound (IBc) used as the starting compound in the aforementioned [Method B] can be produced by, for example, the method shown below. [Method J]

wherein Q⁶ is a leaving group, and other symbols are as defined above.

As the leaving group for Q⁶, those exemplified for the aforementioned Q¹ can be mentioned. Among them, a halogen atom (e.g., chlorine, bromine, iodine) is preferable.

This reaction is carried out in the same manner as in the “method of reacting a reactive derivative of compound (IBb) with compound (IBa)” in the aforementioned [Method A-2].

The compound (IBc) thus obtained can be isolated and purified by a known separation and purification means, such as concentration, concentration under reduced pressure, solvent extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, phase transfer, chromatography and the like.

The compound (IBt) used as the starting compound in this method can be produced by reacting compound (IBg) with compound (IBb). This reaction is carried out in the same manner as in the aforementioned [Method A].

The compound (IBt) thus obtained can be isolated and purified by a known separation and purification means, such as concentration, concentration under reduced pressure, solvent extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, phase transfer, chromatography and the like.

In addition, compound (IBu) used as the starting compound can be produced according to a method known per se.

The compound (IBd) used as the starting compound in the aforementioned [Method C] can be produced by, for example, the method shown below. [Method K]

wherein Q⁷ is a leaving group, and other symbols are as defined above.

As the leaving group for Q⁷, those exemplified for the aforementioned Q¹ can be mentioned. Among them, a halogen atom (e.g., chlorine, bromine, iodine) is preferable.

This reaction is carried out in the same manner as in the aforementioned [Method A-1].

Of compounds (IBd) obtained in the aforementioned [Method K], compound (IBd) wherein Q³ is C₁₋₆ alkoxy is further subjected to a hydrolysis reaction to give compound (IBd) wherein Q³ is hydroxy. Here, the hydrolysis reaction is carried out by a method known per se. The compound (IBd) thus obtained can be isolated and purified by a known separation and purification means, such as concentration, concentration under reduced pressure, solvent extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, phase transfer, chromatography and the like.

The compound (IBv) used as the starting compound in this method can be produced according to a method known per se.

The compound (IBe) used as the starting compound in the aforementioned [Method D] can be produced by reacting compound (IBt) with compound (IBk).

This reaction is carried out in the same manner as in the “method of reacting a reactive derivative of compound (IBb) with compound (IBa)” in the aforementioned [Method A-2].

The compound (IBe) thus obtained can be isolated and purified by a known separation and purification means, such as concentration, concentration under reduced pressure, solvent extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, phase transfer, chromatography and the like.

The compound (IC) can be produced by, for example, Method AA to Method AC shown below, or methods analogous thereto.

The compound (IC) can be produced by, for example, reacting compound (ICa) with compound (ICb). [Method AA]

wherein Qa¹ is a leaving group, and other symbols are as defined above.

As the leaving group for Qa¹, those exemplified for the aforementioned Q¹ can be used. Among them, a halogen atom (e.g., chlorine, bromine, iodine), C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyloxy (e.g., methylsulfonyloxy), hydroxy and the like are preferable.

Where necessary, this reaction can be carried out in a solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction. As such solvent, for example, hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., benzene, toluene, hexane, heptane), alcohol solvents (e.g., methanol, ethanol, propanol), ether solvents (e.g., diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane), halogenated hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride), nitrile solvents (e.g., acetonitrile), amide solvents (e.g., dimethylformamide), ketone solvents (e.g., acetone), sulfoxide solvents (e.g., dimethylsulfoxide), carboxylic acid solvents (e.g., acetic acid), ester solvents (e.g., methyl acetate, ethyl acetate), water and the like can be mentioned. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof at an appropriate ratio. Among them, alcohol solvents (e.g., ethanol), ether solvents (e.g., tetrahydrofuran), hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., toluene), amide solvents (e.g., dimethylformamide) and the like are preferable.

In addition, compound (ICa) and/or compound (ICb) may be used as a solvent.

Where necessary, this reaction can be carried out in the presence of a base, and the base may be used as a solvent. As such base, for example,

-   1) strong bases such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal     hydrides (e.g., lithium hydride, sodium hydride, potassium hydride,     calcium hydride), alkali metal or alkaline earth metal amides (e.g.,     lithium amide, sodium amide, lithium diisopropylamide, lithium     dicyclohexylamide, lithium hexamethyldisilazide, sodium     hexamethyldisilazide, potassium hexamethyldisilazide), alkali metal     or alkaline earth metal lower(C₁₋₆) alkoxides (e.g., sodium     methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium tert-butoxide) and the like; -   2) inorganic bases such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal     hydroxides (e.g., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium     hydroxide, barium hydroxide), alkali metal or alkaline earth metal     carbonates (e.g., sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium     carbonate), alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydrogencarbonates     (e.g., sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate) and     the like; and -   3) organic bases such as amines such as triethylamine,     diisopropylethylamine, N-methylmorpholine and the like; amidines     such as DBU (1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene), DBN     (1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene) and the like; basic heterocyclic     compounds such as pyridine, dimethylaminopyridine, imidazole,     2,6-lutidine and the like, and the like, and the like can be     mentioned.

Among them, alkali metal carbonates (e.g., potassium carbonate), alkali metal hydrogencarbonates (e.g., sodium hydrogencarbonate), amines (e.g., triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine) and the like are preferable. The amount of the base to be used is generally 0.1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 0.1 to 2 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (ICa).

The amount of compound (ICb) to be used is generally 1 to 10 molar equivalents, preferably 1 to 3 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (ICa).

The reaction temperature is generally −100° C. to 200° C., preferably 0° C. to 150° C.

The reaction time is, for example, 1 minute to several days.

In the compounds (ICb), when Qa¹ is hydroxy, Lc is C₁₋₃ alkylene substituted by an oxo group, and a part or the entirety of Lc and Qa¹ form COOH (e.g., when Qa¹-Lc is HOOC, HOOCCH₂ and the like), this reaction can be also carried out in the presence of a suitable coupling reagent. As the coupling reagent, those generally used for peptide synthesis (e.g., those described in Basics and Experiments of Peptide Synthesis (1985; Maruzen)) can be used. Particularly, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), diphenylphosphoryl azide (DPPA), carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) and the like are preferable. The amount of the coupling reagent to be used is generally 0.1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 0.1 to 2 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (ICa).

The compound (IC) thus obtained can be isolated and purified by a known separation and purification means, such as concentration, concentration under reduced pressure, solvent extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, phase transfer, chromatography and the like.

The compound (ICb) used as the starting compound in this method can be produced by a method known per se, for example, methods described in Comprehensive Organic Transformation, VCH Publishers Inc., 1989; Journal of the Organic Chemistry (J. Org. Chem.) 52, 5560 (1987); Organic Synthesis (Org. Syn.) Coll. Vol. 4, 921 (1963); Journal of the American Chemical Society (J. Am. Chem. Soc.) 42, 599 (1920) and the like, or methods analogous thereto.

[Method AB]

Of compounds (IC), compound (IC-1) wherein Lc is an optionally substituted C₁₋₃ alkylene group can be also produced by subjecting compound (ICa) and a compound represented by the formula: OHC-Lc¹-Rc (wherein Lc¹ is an optionally substituted C₁₋₂ alkylene group and Rc is as defined above) [hereinafter sometimes to be abbreviated as compound (ICc)] to a reductive alkylation reaction.

Here, as the optionally substituted C₁₋₂ alkylene group for Lc¹, an optionally substituted C₁₋₃ alkylene group represented by the aforementioned Lc¹, wherein the alkylene moiety has 1 or 2 carbon atoms can be mentioned.

Where necessary, this reaction can be carried out in a solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction. As such solvent, those exemplified in the aforementioned [Method AA] can be used. Particularly, alcohol solvents (e.g., ethanol), ether solvents (e.g., tetrahydrofuran), hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., toluene), carboxylic acid solvents (e.g., acetic acid) and the like are preferable.

In addition, compound (ICa) and/or compound (ICc) may be used as a solvent.

This reaction is carried out by a reduction using a reducing agent; a catalytic reduction using palladium, platinum and the like as a catalyst, and the like.

Here, as the reducing agent, for example, aluminum reagents such as lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH₄), diisobutyl aluminum hydride (DIBALH), bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminum hydride (Red-Al), alane (AlH₃) and the like; boron reagents such as sodium tetrahydroborate (NaBH₄), sodium cyanoborohydride (NaBH₃CN), sodium triacetoxyborohydride (NaBH(OAc)₃), 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9-BBN), borane (BH₃) and the like, and the like can be mentioned. Among them, boron reagents such as sodium tetrahydroborate, sodium cyanoborohydride, sodium triacetoxyborohydride and the like are preferable. The amount of the reducing agent to be used is generally 0.1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 0.1 to 2 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (ICa).

This reaction is preferably carried out by a reduction using a boron reagent such as sodium tetrahydroborate, sodium cyanoborohydride, sodium triacetoxyborohydride and the like as a reducing agent; or a catalytic reduction using palladium, platinum and the like as a catalyst.

The amount of compound (ICc) to be used is generally 0.1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 0.1 to 2 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (ICa).

The reaction temperature is generally −100° C. to 200° C., preferably −20° C. to 100° C.

The reaction time is, for example, 1 minute to several days.

The compound (IC-1) thus obtained can be isolated and purified by a known separation and purification means, such as concentration, concentration under reduced pressure, solvent extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, phase transfer, chromatography and the like.

The compound (ICc) used as the starting compound in this method can be produced by a method known per se.

[Method AC]

Of compounds (IC), compound (IC-2) wherein Xc is a methylene group can be also produced by the method shown below.

wherein the symbols in the formula are as defined above.

In this method, compound (IC-2) is produced by subjecting compound (ICd) to a reductive reaction.

This reaction can be carried out using a reducing agent, where necessary, in a solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction. As such solvent, those exemplified in the aforementioned [Method AA] can be used. Particularly, ether solvents (e.g., tetrahydrofuran), hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., toluene) and the like are preferable.

As the reducing agent, those exemplified in the aforementioned [Method AB] can be used. Particularly, lithium aluminum hydride, diisobutylaluminum hydride, borane and the like are preferable.

The reaction temperature is generally −100° C. to 200° C., preferably −200° C. to 100° C.

The reaction time is, for example, 1 minute to several days.

The compound (IC-2) thus obtained can be isolated and purified by a known separation and purification means, such as concentration, concentration under reduced pressure, solvent extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, phase transfer, chromatography and the like.

The compound (ICd) used as the starting compound in this method can be produced by, for example, the methods described in EP-A733632 and the like, the aforementioned [Method AA], or methods analogous thereto.

Of compounds (ICa) used as the starting compound in the aforementioned [Method AA] and [Method AB], compound (ICa-1) wherein Xc is a methylene group, can be produced according to, for example, the method shown below. [Method AD]

wherein the symbols in the formula are as defined above.

In this method, compound (ICa-1) is produced by subjecting compound (ICe) to a reductive reaction.

This reaction is carried out in the same manner as in the reductive reaction in the aforementioned [Method AC].

The compound (ICa-1) thus obtained can be isolated and purified by a known separation and purification means, such as concentration, concentration under reduced pressure, solvent extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, phase transfer, chromatography and the like.

The compound (ICe) used as the starting compound in the above-mentioned method can be produced by a method known per se, for example, methods described in EP-A733632, JP-A-9-263585 and the like, or methods analogous thereto.

Of compounds (ICa), compound (ICa-2) wherein ring Bc is

wherein Xc2 is a methylene group, an ethylene group, a trimethylene group or a tetramethylene group, Xc³ is as defined for the aforementioned Xa and Xc is as defined above, can be produced according to, for example, the method shown below. [Method AE]

wherein Qa² is a leaving group, and other symbols are as defined above.

Xc³ is preferably O or S, more preferably O.

As the leaving group for Qa², those exemplified for the aforementioned Q² can be used. Particularly, a halogen atom (e.g., chlorine, bromine, iodine) and the like are preferable.

In this method, compound (ICa-2) is produced by subjecting compound (ICf) to a cyclization reaction.

Where necessary, this reaction is carried out in a solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction. As such solvent, those exemplified in the aforementioned [Method AA] can be used. Particularly, ether solvents (e.g., tetrahydrofuran), hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., toluene), amide solvents (e.g., dimethylformamide) and the like are preferable.

Where necessary, this reaction may be carried out in the presence of a base. As such base, for example, those exemplified in the aforementioned [Method AA] can be used. Particularly, alkali metal hydrides (e.g., sodium hydride), alkali metal lower(C₁₋₆) alkoxides (e.g., potassium tert-butoxide), amines (e.g., DBU) and the like are preferable. The amount of the base to be used is generally 0.1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 0.1 to 2 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (ICf).

The reaction temperature is generally −100° C. to 200° C., preferably 0° C. to 150° C.

The reaction time is, for example, 1 minute to several days.

The compound (ICa-2) thus obtained can be isolated and purified by a known separation and purification means, such as concentration, concentration under reduced pressure, solvent extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, phase transfer, chromatography and the like.

The compound (ICf) used as the starting compound in this method can be produced according to, for example, the method shown below. [Method AF]

wherein Qa³ is a leaving group, and other symbols are as defined above.

As the leaving group for Qa³, those exemplified for the aforementioned Q² can be used. Particularly, a halogen atom (e.g., chlorine, bromine, iodine), C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyloxy (e.g., methylsulfonyloxy), C₆₋₁₀ arylsulfonyloxy optionally substituted by C₁₋₆ alkyl (e.g., toluenesulfonyloxy) and the like are preferable.

In this method, compound (ICf) is produced by reacting compound (ICg) with compound (ICh).

This reaction is carried out in the same manner as in the aforementioned [Method AA]. As the solvent to be used, alcohol solvents (e.g., ethanol), ether solvents (e.g., tetrahydrofuran), hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., toluene) and the like are preferable.

As the base, alkali metal carbonates (e.g., potassium carbonate), amines (e.g., triethylamine) and the like are preferable.

The compound (ICf) thus obtained can be isolated and purified by a known separation and purification means, such as concentration, concentration under reduced pressure, solvent extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, phase transfer, chromatography and the like.

Of compounds (ICg) used as the starting compound in this method, compound (ICg-1) wherein Xc is a methylene group, Qa³ is C₆₋₁₀ arylsulfonyloxy optionally substituted by C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyloxy or a halogen atom, can be produced according to, for example, the method shown below. [Method AG]

wherein Qa³ is C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyloxy, C₆₋₁₀ arylsulfonyloxy optionally substituted by C₁₋₆ alkyl or halogen atom, and other symbols are as defined above.

As the C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyloxy, C₆₋₁₀ arylsulfonyloxy optionally substituted by C₁₋₆ alkyl and the-halogen atom for Qa³, those exemplified for the aforementioned Qa³ can be used.

In this method, compound (ICg-1) is produced by subjecting compound (ICg-2) to an alkylation or an arylsulfonylation reaction, or a halogenation reaction.

Here, the alkylation or arylsulfonylation reaction is carried out by, for example, methods described in Journal of the Organic Chemistry (J. Org. Chem.) 39, 1036 (1974); Synthesis, 665 (1974) and the like, or methods analogous thereto.

In addition, the halogenation reaction is carried out by, for example, methods described in Journal of the American Chemical Society (J. Am. Chem. Soc.) 78, 653 (1956); ibid. 75, 2053 (1953); Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.) 14, 801 (1975) and the like, or methods analogous thereto.

The compound (ICg-1) thus obtained can be isolated and purified by a known separation and purification means, such as concentration, concentration under reduced pressure, solvent extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, phase transfer, chromatography and the like.

The compound (ICg-2) used as the starting compound in this method can be produced according to, for example, the method shown below. [Method AH]

wherein Qa⁴ is C₁₋₆ alkoxy or a halogen atom, and other symbols are as defined above.

As the C₁₋₆ alkoxy for Qa⁴, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy and the like can be mentioned. As the halogen atom for Qa⁴, for example, chlorine, bromine, iodine and the like can be mentioned.

In this method, compound (ICg-2) is produced by subjecting compound (ICi) to a reductive reaction.

In this method, moreover, compound (ICj) is produced by subjecting compound (ICi) to an esterification or halogenation reaction, and compound (ICg-2) is produced by subjecting compound (ICj) to a reductive reaction.

The reductive reaction of compound (ICi) and the reductive reaction of compound (ICj) can be carried out in the same manner as in the aforementioned [Method AD].

The esterification reaction of compound (ICi) is carried out by, for example, methods described in Organic Synthesis (Org. Syn.) Coll. Vol. 1, 241 (1941); Synthesis, 961 (1979); Organic Synthesis (Org. Syn.) Coll. Vol. 2, 165 (1943) and the like, or methods analogous thereto.

The halogenation reaction of compound (ICi) is carried out by, for example, methods described in Organic Synthesis (Org. Syn.) Coll. Vol. 1, 12-(1941); Journal of the American Chemical Society (J. Am. Chem. Soc.) 42, 599 (1920) and the like, or methods analogous thereto.

The compound (ICg-2) thus obtained can be isolated and purified by a known separation and purification means, such as concentration, concentration under reduced pressure, solvent extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, phase transfer, chromatography and the like.

The compound (ICi) used as the starting compound in this method can be produced by a method known per se, for example, methods described in Australian Journal of chemistry (Aust. J. Chem.) 36, 1455 (1983); JP-A-6-41116 and the like, or methods analogous thereto.

The compound (IA) can be produced by, for example, [Method AAA], [Method AAC] to [Method AAI] shown below, or methods analogous thereto.

Of compounds (IA), compound (IAa) wherein Z¹ is a bond and Z² is —NR^(4a)— (wherein R^(4a) is as defined above) can be produced by, for example, the following method. [Method AAA]

wherein the symbols in the formula are as defined above.

The compound (IAa) can be produced by reacting compound (IAa-8) with compound (IAa-9). This reaction can be carried out using a condensing agent in a solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction and, where necessary, in the presence of a base.

As the solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction, for example, ether solvents (e.g., diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane etc.), hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., benzene, toluene, hexane, heptane etc.), halogen solvents (e.g., dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride etc.), acetonitrile, dimethylformamide and the like can be mentioned.

As the base, for example, triethylamine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, triethylenediamine, tetramethylethylenediamine and the like can be mentioned.

As the condensing agent, for example, condensing agents used for peptide synthesis and the like can be mentioned. Specifically, for example, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, diethyl cyanophosphate, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide and the like are used.

The amount of compound (IAa-9) to be used is generally about 0.5 to 2 molar equivalents, preferably about 1 to 1.2 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IAa-8).

The amount of the condensing agent to be used is generally about 0.5 to 5 molar equivalents, preferably about 1 to 2 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IAa-8).

The amount of the base to be used is generally about 1 to 10 molar equivalents, preferably about 1 to 5 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IAa-8).

The reaction temperature is generally about 0° C. to 100° C., preferably about 20° C. to 50° C.

The reaction time is generally about 0.5 to 24 hrs, preferably about 1 to 5 hrs.

The compound (IAa) thus obtained can be isolated and purified by a known separation and purification means, such as concentration, concentration under reduced pressure, solvent extraction., crystallization, recrystallization, phase transfer, chromatography and the like.

The compound (IAa-9) used as the starting compound in the aforementioned [Method AAA] is commercially available as a reagent or can be produced by a method known per se.

The compound (IAa-8) used as the starting compound in the aforementioned [Method AAA] can be produced by a method known per se, for example, the following method or a method analogous thereto. [Method AAB]

wherein Qb¹ is a leaving group, R^(1c) is a group obtained by removing a methylene group from the aforementioned “optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group, optionally substituted C₂₋₆ alkenyl group or optionally substituted aralkyl group” for R^(1b), and other symbols are as defined above.

As the leaving group for Qb¹, those exemplified for the aforementioned Q¹ can be used. Particularly, a halogen atom (e.g., chlorine, bromine, iodine), C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyloxy (e.g., methylsulfonyloxy), C₆₋₁₀ arylsulfonyloxy optionally substituted by C₁₋₆ alkyl (e.g., toluenesulfonyloxy) and the like are preferable.

As R^(1c), an “optionally substituted C₁₋₅ alkyl group, optionally substituted C₂₋₅ alkenyl group or optionally substituted aralkyl group” wherein “R^(1c)—CH₂—” is as defined for the “optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group, optionally substituted C₂₋₆ alkenyl group or optionally substituted aralkyl group” for the aforementioned R^(1b), can be used.

The compound (IAa-2) can be produced by subjecting compound (IAa-1) to a reductive reaction.

This reductive reaction is carried out using a reducing agent such as metal hydride complexes (e.g., lithium aluminum hydride, sodium aluminum hydride, sodium triethoxyaluminum hydride, sodium borohydride etc.) and the like in a solvent such as protic solvents (e.g., methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol etc.), aprotic solvents (e.g., ethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane etc.) and the like.

The amount of the reducing agent to be used is generally about 0.3 to 5 molar equivalents, preferably about 0.5 to 2 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IAa-1) The reaction temperature is generally about −20° C. to 100° C., preferably about 0° C. to 50° C.

The reaction time is, for example, about 0.5 to 24 hrs.

The compound (IAa-5) can be produced by reacting compound (IAa-2) with compound (IAa-3). This reaction can be carried out in a solvent such as ether solvents (e.g., diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane etc.), hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., benzene, toluene, hexane, heptane etc.), alcohol solvents (e.g., methanol, ethanol, propanol etc.), acetone, dimethylformamide and the like and, where necessary, in the presence of a base (e.g., sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydride, potassium hydride etc.).

The amount of compound (IAa-3) to be used is generally about 1 to 10 molar equivalents, preferably about 1 to 2 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IAa-2).

The amount of the base to be used is generally about 1 to 10 molar equivalents, preferably about 1 to 5 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IAa-2).

The reaction temperature is generally about 0° C. to 100° C., preferably about 20° C. to 50° C.

The reaction time is generally about 1 to 24 hrs, preferably about 3 to 10 hrs.

The compound (IAa-5) can be also produced by subjecting compound (IAa-2) and compound (IAa-4) to a catalytic reduction, or a reductive amination reaction using a reducing agent.

These reactions are carried out in a solvent that does not adversely affect the reactions. As such solvent, for example, ether solvents (e.g., diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane etc.), hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., benzene, toluene, hexane, heptane etc.), alcohol solvents (e.g., methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol etc.) and the like can be mentioned.

This reaction may be carried out in the presence of an acid as necessary, such as acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid.

As the above-mentioned reducing agent, for example, sodium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride, sodium triacetoxyborohydride and the like can be used.

The amount of compound (IAa-4) to be used is generally about 1 to 10 molar equivalents, preferably about 1 to 2 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IAa-2).

The amount of the reducing agent to be used is generally about 0.3 to 5 molar equivalents, preferably about 0.5 to 1 molar equivalent.

The reaction temperature is generally about 0° C. to 100° C., preferably about 10° C. to 70° C.

The reaction time is generally about 1 to 24 hrs, preferably about 3 to 10 hrs.

The compound (IAa-6) can be produced by reacting compound (IAa-5) with fumaryl chloride mono ethyl ester.

This reaction is carried out by an acylation reaction known per se. The acylation reaction can be carried out in a solvent such as ether solvents (e.g., diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane etc.), halogen solvents (e.g., dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride etc.), hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., benzene, toluene, hexane, heptane etc.), dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, ester solvents (ethyl acetate, methyl acetate etc.) and the like and, where necessary, in the presence of water and a base (e.g., 4-dimethylaminopyridine, triethylamine, triethylenediamine, tetramethylethylenediamine, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydride, potassium hydride etc.).

The amount of fumaryl chloride mono ethyl ester to be used is generally about 1 to 10 molar equivalents, preferably about 1 to 3 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IAa-5).

The amount of the base to be used is generally about 1 to 10 molar equivalents, preferably about 1 to 5 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IAa-5).

The reaction temperature is generally about −50° C. to 100° C., preferably about 0° C. to 50° C.

The reaction time is generally about 1 to 48 hrs, preferably about 5 to 10 hrs.

The compound (IAa-7) can be produced by subjecting the compound (IAa-6) to a cyclization reaction.

The cyclization reaction can be carried out, for example, in a solvent such as ether solvents (e.g., diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane etc.), hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., benzene, toluene, hexane, heptane etc.), alcohol solvents (e.g., methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol etc.), acetone, dimethylformamide and the like and, where necessary, in the presence of a base (e.g., sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydride, potassium hydride etc.).

The amount of the base to be used is about 1 to 5 molar equivalents, preferably about 1 to 2 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IAa-6).

The reaction temperature is generally about −20° C. to 200° C., preferably about 20° C. to 100° C.

The reaction time is generally 1 to 20 hrs, preferably about 2 to 5 hrs.

The compound (IAa-8) can be produced by subjecting compound (IAa-7) to a hydrolysis reaction.

This reaction is carried out, for example, in an aqueous solution of acid or base.

As the acid, for example, mineral acids (e.g., nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, iodic acid, sulfuric acid etc.) can be mentioned and as the base, for example, hydroxides of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal (e.g., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide etc.) and the like can be mentioned.

The strength of acid and base is preferably about 1N to 10 N, more preferably about 4N to 10N.

The reaction temperature is generally about 0° C. to 150° C., preferably about 20° C. to 50° C.

The reaction time is generally about 1 to 24 hrs, preferably about 2 to 10 hrs.

The compound (IAa-8) thus obtained can be isolated and purified by a known separation and purification means, such as concentration, concentration under reduced pressure, solvent extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, phase transfer, chromatography and the like.

The compounds (IAa-1), (IAa-3) and (IAa-4) used as the starting compounds in the aforementioned [Method AAB] can be produced by a method known per se.

Of compounds (IA), compound (IAb) wherein Z¹ is —NH— and Z² is a bond, can be produced by, for example, a method shown below. [Method AAC]

wherein the symbols in the formula are as defined above.

The compound (IAa-8) is reacted with diphenylphosphoryl azide in a solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction in the presence of a base, the resulting compound is subjected to a thermal rearrangement, and the obtained product is reacted with an acid in a solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction, whereby compound (IAb-1) can be produced.

As the “solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction” to be used for the reaction between compound (IAa-8) and diphenylphosphoryl azide, for example, ether solvents (e.g., diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane etc.), halogen solvents (e.g., dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform etc.), dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, toluene and the like can be mentioned.

As the base to be used in the reaction, for example, triethylamine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, triethylenediamine, tetramethylethylenediamine and the like can be mentioned.

The amount of diphenylphosphoryl azide to be used is generally about 1 to 10 molar equivalents, preferably about 1.5 to 3 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IAa-8).

The amount of the base to be used is generally about 1 to 10 molar equivalents, preferably about 1 to 5 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IAa-8).

The reaction temperature is generally about −20° C. to 50° C., preferably about 0° C. to 20° C.

The reaction time is generally about 0.5 to 5 hrs, preferably about 1 to 2 hrs.

The thermal rearrangement is carried out by heating. The temperature of heating is generally about 60° C. to 150° C., preferably about 80° C. to about 100° C., and heating time is generally about 0.5 to 5 hrs, preferably about 1 to about 2 hrs.

As the “solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction” to be used for reacting the product obtained by the above-mentioned thermal rearrangement with an acid, for example, water, dioxane, dimethylformamide and the like can be mentioned. As the acid, for example, mineral acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, hydrobromic acid and the like can be mentioned.

The amount of the acid to be used is generally about 1 to 10 molar equivalents, preferably about 1 to 5 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IAa-8).

The reaction temperature is generally about 20° C. to 200° C., preferably about 50° C. to 100° C.

The reaction time is generally about 0.5 to 5 hrs, preferably about 1 to 2 hrs.

The compound (IAb) can be produced by subjecting compound (IAb-1) and compound (IAb-2) to a condensation reaction.

This reaction is carried out in the same manner as in, for example, the aforementioned [Method AAA].

The compound (IAb) thus obtained can be isolated and purified by a known separation and purification means, such as concentration, concentration under reduced pressure, solvent extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, phase transfer, chromatography and the like.

The compound (IAb-2) used as the starting compound in the aforementioned [Method AAC] is commercially available as a reagent or can be produced by a method known per se.

Of compounds (IA), compound (IAc) wherein Z¹ and Z² are —NH— can be produced by, for example, a method shown below. [Method AAD]

wherein the symbols in the formula are as defined above.

The compound (IAc) can be produced by reacting compound (IAb-1) with compound (IAc-1). This reaction is carried out in a solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction.

As the solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction, for example, ether solvents (e.g., diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane etc.), halogen solvents (e.g., dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform etc.), acetonitrile, toluene, pyridine, dimethylformamide and the like can be mentioned.

This reaction is carried out in the presence of, where necessary, a base (e.g., triethylamine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, triethylenediamine, tetramethylethylenediamine etc.).

The amount of compound (IAc-1) to be used is generally about 0.5 to 3 molar equivalents, preferably about 1 to 1.5 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IAb-1).

The amount of the base to be used is generally about 1 to 10 molar equivalents, preferably about 1 to 5 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IAb-1).

The reaction temperature is generally about 0° C. to 150° C., preferably about 30° C. to 100° C.

The reaction time is generally about 0.5 to 24 hrs, preferably about 1 to 3 hrs.

The compound (IAc) thus obtained can be isolated and purified by a known separation and purification means, such as concentration, concentration under reduced pressure, solvent extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, phase transfer, chromatography and the like.

The compound (IAc-1) used as the starting compound in the aforementioned [Method AAD] is commercially available as a reagent or can be produced by a method known per se.

Of compounds (IA), compound (IAd) wherein L is —CH₂NHCOR⁷ (wherein R⁷ is as defined above), can be produced by, for example, a method shown below. [Method AAE]

wherein Pa is an amino-protecting group, and other symbols are as defined above.

As the amino-protecting group for Pa, those exemplified for the aforementioned Rb¹⁰ can be used.

The compound (IAd-2) can be produced from compound (IAd-1) in the same manner as in the aforementioned

[Method AAB]

Then, compound (IAd-3) can be produced from compound 10 (IAd-2) in the same manner as in the aforementioned [Method AAA], [Method AAC] or [Method AAD].

The compound (IAd-4) can be produced by subjecting compound (IAd-3) to a deprotective reaction of the amino group.

This reaction is carried out according to a method known per se in a solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction.

As such solvent, for example, ether solvents (e.g., diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane etc.), hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., benzene, toluene, hexane, heptane etc.), alcohol solvents (e.g., methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol etc.), halogen solvents (e.g., dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform etc.), acetone, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, dimethylformamide and the like can be mentioned.

This reaction is carried out by, for example, a catalytic reduction using, for example, palladium, platinum and the like as a catalyst when Pa is a benzyloxycarbonyl group; or by, for example, dissolving or suspending in an acid (e.g., hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, trifluoroacetic acid etc.) when Pa is a tert-butoxycarbonyl group.

The reaction temperature is generally about 0° C. to 100° C., preferably about 10° C. to 50° C.

The reaction time is generally about 0.1 to 24 hrs, preferably about 1 to 10 hrs.

The compound (IAd) can be produced by subjecting compound (IAd-4) to an acylation reaction.

This reaction is carried out using an acylation reaction known per se. The acylation reaction is carried out by, for example, reacting compound (IAd-4) with a compound represented by the formula: R⁷COOH (IAd-5) [wherein R⁷ is as defined above] or a reactive derivative thereof (e.g., acid halide, acid anhydride, activated ester, acid imidazolide and the like).

The reaction using compound (IAd-5) is carried out in the same manner as in, for example, the aforementioned [Method AAA].

The reaction using a reactive derivative of compound (IAd-5) can be carried out in a solvent such as ether solvents (e.g., diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane etc.), halogen solvents (e.g., dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride etc.), hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., benzene, toluene, hexane, heptane etc.), dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, ester solvents (ethyl acetate, methyl acetate etc.) and the like and in the presence of, where necessary, water and a base (e.g., 4-dimethylaminopyridine, triethylamine, triethylenediamine, tetramethylethylenediamine, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydride, potassium hydride etc.).

The amount of the reactive derivative of compound (IAd-5) to be used is about 1 to 10 molar equivalents, preferably about 1 to 3 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IAd-4).

The amount of the base to be used is generally about 1 to 10 molar equivalents, preferably about 1 to 5 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IAd-4).

The reaction temperature is generally about −50° C. to 100° C., preferably about 0° C. to 50° C.

The reaction time is generally about 1 to 48 hrs, preferably about 5 to 10 hrs.

The compound (IAd) thus obtained can be isolated and purified by a known separation and purification means, such as concentration, concentration under reduced pressure, solvent extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, phase transfer, chromatography and the like.

The compound (IAd-1) used as the starting compound in the aforementioned [Method AAE] can be produced by a method known per se.

Of compounds (IA), compound (IAe) wherein L is —OCH₂CONR⁸R⁹ (wherein R⁸ and R⁹ are as defined above), can be produced by, for example, a method shown below. [Method AAF]

wherein Pb is a protecting group for a phenolic hydroxy group, R¹⁰ is a C₁₋₄ alkyl group, and other symbols are as defined above.

As the protecting group for a phenolic hydroxyl group for Pb, for example, methyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxymethyl (e.g., methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl and the like), trityl, C₇₋₁₁ aralkyl (e.g., benzyl and the like), formyl, C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyl (e.g., acetyl, propionyl and the like), benzoyl, C₇-₁₁ aralkyl-carbonyl (e.g., benzylcarbonyl and the like), 2-tetrahydropyranyl, 2-tetrahydrofuranyl, silyl (e.g., trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, dimethylphenylsilyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, tert-butyldiethylsilyl and the like), allyl and the like can be mentioned. These groups are optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine), a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group (e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy) or a nitro group and the like.

As the C₁₋₄ alkyl group for R¹⁰, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, tert-butyl and the like can be mentioned.

The compound (IAe-2) can be produced from compound (IAe-1) in the same manner as in the aforementioned [Method AAB].

Then, compound (IAe-3) can be produced from compound (IAe-2) in the same manner as in the aforementioned [Method AAA], [Method AAC] or [Method AAD].

The compound (IAe-4) can be produced by subjecting compound (IAe-3) to a deprotection of a phenolic hydroxyl group.

This reaction is carried out according to a method known per se in a solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction.

As such solvent, for example, ether solvents (e.g., diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane etc.), hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., benzene, toluene, hexane, heptane etc.), alcohol solvents (e.g., methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol etc.), halogen solvents (e.g., dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform etc.), acetone, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, dimethylformamide and the like can be mentioned.

This reaction is carried out by, for example, a catalytic reduction using, for example, palladium, platinum and the like as a catalyst, when Pb is a benzyl group.

The reaction temperature is generally about 0° C. to 100° C., preferably about 20° C. to 70° C.

The reaction time is generally about 1 to 24 hrs, preferably about 1 to 5 hrs.

The compound (IAe-5) can be produced by subjecting compound (IAe-4) to an alkylation reaction.

This reaction is carried out according to a method known per se and using an alkylating reagent corresponding to compound (IAe-5).

As the alkylating reagent, for example, chloroacetate or bromoacetate and the like can be mentioned.

This reaction is carried out in a solvent such as aprotic solvents (e.g., ethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, acetonitrile, toluene, dimethylformamide etc.) and the like in the presence of, where necessary, an inorganic base (e.g., sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate etc.), an organic base (e.g., triethylamine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, triethylenediamine, tetramethylethylenediamine etc.), sodium hydride, cesium fluoride and the like.

The amount of the alkylating reagent to be used is generally about 0.5 to 5 molar equivalents, preferably about 1 to 2 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IAe-4).

The amount of the inorganic base, the organic base and the like to be used is generally about 1 to 10 molar equivalents, preferably about 1 to 5 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IAe-4).

The reaction temperature is generally about 0° C. to 200° C., preferably about 20° C. to 100° C.

The reaction time is generally about 10 min to 5 hrs, preferably about 30 min to 2 hrs.

The compound (IAe-6) can be produced by subjecting compound (IAe-5) to a hydrolysis reaction.

This reaction is carried out in the same manner as in the hydrolysis reaction of compound (IAa-7) in the aforementioned [Method AAB].

The compound (IAe) can be produced by reacting compound (IAe-6) with compound (IAe-7).

This reaction is carried out in the same manner as in the aforementioned [Method AAA].

The compound (IAe) thus obtained can be isolated and purified by a known separation and purification means, such as concentration, concentration under reduced pressure, solvent extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, phase transfer, chromatography and the like.

The compound (IAe-1) and compound (IAe-7) used as the starting compounds in the aforementioned [Method AAF] can be produced by a method known per se.

Of compounds (IA), compound (IAf) wherein L is —CH₂— Het¹ (wherein Het¹ is a nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic group bonded via a nitrogen atom) can be produced by, for example, a method shown below.

As the nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic group for Het¹, those from the nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic groups exemplified for the aforementioned Het, that are bonded via a nitrogen atom, can be mentioned. [Method AAG]

wherein each R¹¹ is a C₁₋₄ alkyl group, which is optionally bonded to other R¹¹ to form a ring, Qb² is a leaving group, and other symbols are as defined above.

As the C₁₋₄ alkyl group for R¹¹, those exemplified for the aforementioned R¹⁰ can be used. As the ring formed by R¹¹ bonded to other R¹¹, for example, dioxolane, dioxane and the like can be mentioned.

As the leaving group for Qb², those exemplified for the aforementioned Q¹ can be used. Particularly, a halogen atom (e.g., chlorine, bromine, iodine), C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyloxy (e.g., methylsulfonyloxy) and the like are preferable.

The compound (IAf-2) can be produced from compound (IAf-1) in the same manner as in the aforementioned [Method AAB].

Then compound (IAf-3) can be produced from compound (IAf-2) in the same manner as in the aforementioned [Method AAA], [Method AAC] or [Method AAD].

The compound (IAf-4) can be produced by subjecting compound (IAf-3) to an aldehyde conversion reaction.

This reaction is carried out according to a method known per se in, for example, a mixed solvent of a solvent selected from ether solvents (e.g., diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane etc.), hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., benzene, toluene, hexane, heptane etc.), alcohol solvents (e.g., methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol etc.), halogen solvents (e.g., dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform etc.), acetone and ethyl acetate and water in the presence of an acid (e.g., hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid etc.).

The amount of the acid to be used is generally about 1 to 10 molar equivalents, preferably about 1 to 5 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IAf-3).

The reaction temperature is generally about 0° C. to 100° C., preferably about 30° C. to 70° C.

The reaction time is generally about 0.1 to 24 hrs, preferably about 1 to 10 hrs.

The compound (IAf-5) can be produced by subjecting compound (IAf-4) to a reductive reaction. This reaction is carried out in the same manner as in the reductive reaction of compound (IAa-1) in the aforementioned [Method AAB].

The compound (IAf-6) can be produced by subjecting compound (IAf-5) to a conversion reaction of the hydroxyl group to a leaving group.

This reaction is carried out according to a method known per se.

For example, when Qb² in compound (IAf-6) is a methanesulfonyloxy group, this reaction is carried out by reacting compound (IAf-5) with methanesulfonyl chloride in a solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction in the presence of a base.

This reaction is carried out in the same manner as in the acylation reaction of (IAd-4) in the aforementioned [Method AAE].

When Qb² in compound (IAf-6) is a chlorine atom, this reaction is carried out by heating compound (IAf-5) with a chlorinating reagent (e.g., thionyl chloride, sulfuryl chloride, phosphorus oxychloride, phosphorus pentachloride and the like) without solvent or in the presence of a solvent such as toluene and the like.

The temperature of the heating is generally about 70° C. to 130° C., preferably about 80° C. to about 100° C., and the heating time is generally about 0.5 to 24 hrs, preferably about 1 to about 5 hrs.

The compound (IAf) can be produced by reacting compound (IAf-6) with compound (IAf-9).

This reaction is carried out according to a method known per se and in the same manner as in, for example, the alkylation reaction of compound (IAe-4) in the aforementioned [Method AAF].

The compound (IAf) thus obtained can-be isolated-and purified by a known separation and purification means, such as concentration, concentration-under reduced pressure, solvent extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, phase transfer, chromatography and the like.

The compound (IAf-1) and compound (IAf-9) used as the starting compounds in the aforementioned [Method AAG] can be produced by a method known per se.

Of compounds (IAf), compound (IAfa) wherein Het¹ is a 1,2,4-triazol-4-yl group and compound (IAfb) wherein Het¹ is a pyrrol-1-yl group can be also produced by the following method. [Method AAH]

wherein the symbols in the formula are as defined above.

The compound (IAfa) can be produced by reacting compound (IAd-4) with compound (IAf-7).

This reaction is carried out in a solvent such as aprotic solvents (e.g., ethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, pyridine etc.) and the like in the presence of, where necessary, a base such as inorganic bases (e.g., sodium-hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate etc.), organic bases (e.g., triethylamine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, pyridine, tetramethylethylenediamine etc.) and the like.

The amount of compound (IAf-7) to be used is generally about 0.5 to 5 molar equivalents, preferably about 1 to 3 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IAd-4).

The amount of the base to be used is generally about 1 to 10 molar equivalents, preferably about 1 to 5 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IAd-4).

The reaction temperature is generally about 0° C. to 200° C., preferably about 20° C. to 100° C.

The reaction time is generally about 10 min to 24 hrs, preferably about 1 to 10 hrs.

The compound (IAfa) thus obtained can be isolated and purified by a known separation and purification means, such as concentration, concentration under reduced pressure, solvent extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, phase transfer, chromatography and the like.

The compound (IAfb) can be produced by reacting compound (IAd-4) with compound (IAf-8). This reaction is carried out in a solvent such as acetic acid and the like in the presence of, where necessary, sodium acetate and the like.

The amount of compound (IAf-8) to be used is generally about 0.5 to 5 molar equivalents, preferably about 1 to 3 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IAd-4).

The amount of the sodium acetate to be used is generally about 1 to 10 molar equivalents, preferably about 1 to 5 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IAd-4).

The reaction temperature is generally about 0° C. to 200° C., preferably about 20° C. to 100° C.

The reaction time is generally about 10 min to 24 hrs, preferably about 1 to 10 hrs.

Compound (IAfb) thus obtained can be isolated and purified by a known separation and purification means, such as concentration, concentration under reduced pressure, solvent extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, phase transfer, chromatography and the like.

The compound (IAf-7) and compound (IAf-8) used as the starting compounds in the aforementioned [Method AAH] can be produced by a method known per se.

Of compounds (IA), compound (IAg) wherein L is —CH₂— Het² (wherein Het² is a nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic group bonded via a carbon atom) can be produced by, for example, a method shown below.

As the nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic group for Het², those from the nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic groups exemplified-for the aforementioned Het, that are bonded via a carbon atom, can be mentioned. [Method AAI]

wherein Ma is Li; a metal moiety (e.g., MgBr, MgCl etc.) of a Grignard reagent, and other symbols are as defined above.

The compound (IAg-2) can be produced by reacting compound (IAf-4) with compound (IAg-1).

This reaction is carried out according to an addition reaction of an organic lithium or a Grignard reagent to a carbonyl group, known per se.

This reaction is carried out in a solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction. As such solvent, for example, aprotic solvents (e.g., ethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, toluene, hexane etc.) and the like can be mentioned. This reaction may be carried out in the presence of, where necessary, cerium chloride and the like.

The amount of compound (IAg-1) to be used is generally about 0.5 to 5 molar equivalents, preferably about 1 to 1.5 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of compound (IAf-4).

The reaction temperature is generally about −78° C. to 20° C., preferably about —78° C. to 0° C.

The reaction time is generally about 10 min to 24 hrs, preferably about 30 min to 5 hrs.

The compound (IAg) can be produced by subjecting compound (IAg-2) to a reductive reaction.

This reaction is carried out by, for example, a catalytic reduction in a solvent such as ether solvents (e.g., diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane etc.), hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., benzene, toluene, hexane, heptane etc.), alcohol solvents (e.g., methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol etc.), halogen solvents (e.g., dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform etc.), acetone, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, dimethylformamide and the like using, for example, palladium, platinum and the like as a catalyst.

The reaction temperature is generally about 0° C. to 100° C., preferably about 20° C. to 70° C.

The reaction time is generally about 1 to 24 hrs, preferably about 1 to 5 hrs.

The compound (IAg) thus obtained can be isolated and purified by a known separation and purification means, such as concentration, concentration under reduced pressure, solvent extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, phase transfer, chromatography and the like.

The compound (IAg-1) used as the starting compound in the aforementioned [Method AAI] can be produced by a method known per se.

When the compound of the present invention contains an optical isomer, a stereoisomer, a positional isomer or a rotational isomer, these are also encompassed in the compound of the present invention, and can be obtained as a single product according to a synthetic method and separation method known per se. For example, when the compound of the present invention has an optical isomer, an optical isomer resolved from this compound is also encompassed in the compound of the present invention.

The optical isomer can be produced by a method known per se. To be specific, an optically active synthetic intermediate is used, or the final racemate product is subjected to optical resolution according to a conventional method to give an optical isomer.

The method of optical resolution may be a method known per se, such as a fractional recrystallization method, a chiral column method, a diastereomer method and the like.

1) Fractional Recrystallization Method

A salt of a racemate with an optically active compound (e.g., (+)-mandelic acid, (−)-mandelic acid, (+)-tartaric acid, (−)-tartaric acid, (+)-1-phenethylamine, (−)-l-phenethylamine, cinchonine, (−)-cinchonidine, brucine and the like) is formed, which is separated by a fractional recrystallization method, and a free optical isomer is obtained by a neutralization step where desired.

2) Chiral Column Method

A racemate or a salt thereof is applied to a column for separation of an optical isomer (chiral column) to allow separation. In the case of a liquid chromatography, for example, a mixture of an optical isomer is applied to a chiral column such as ENANTIO-OVM (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) or CHIRAL series (manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and the like, and developed with water, various buffers (e.g., phosphate buffer) and organic solvents (e.g., ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, acetonitrile, trifluoroacetic acid, diethylamine and the like) solely or in admixture to separate the optical isomer. In the case of a gas chromatography, for example, a chiral column such as CP-Chirasil-DeX CB (manufactured by GL Sciences Inc.) and the like is used to allow separation.

3) Diastereomer Method

A racemic mixture is prepared into a diastereomeric mixture by chemical reaction with an optically active reagent, which is prepared into a single substance by a typical separation means (e.g., fractional recrystallization, chromatography method and the like) and the like, and subjected to a chemical treatment such as hydrolysis reaction and the like to separate an optically active reagent moiety, whereby an optical isomer is obtained. For example, when the compound of the present invention contains hydroxy or primary or secondary amino in a molecule, the compound and an optically active organic acid (e.g., MTPA [α-methoxy-α-(trifluoromethyl)phenylacetic acid], (−)-menthoxyacetic acid and the like) and the like are subjected to condensation reaction to give an ester form diastereomer or amide form diastereomer, respectively. When the compound of the present invention has a carboxylic acid group, this compound and an optically active amine or an optically alcohol reagent are subjected to condensation reaction to give an amide form diastereomer or ester form diastereomer, respectively. The separated diastereomer is converted to an optical isomer of the original compound by acidic hydrolysis or basic hydrolysis reaction.

A prodrug of compound (I) is a compound that converts to compound (I) due to the reaction by enzyme, gastric acid and the like under the physiological conditions in the body; that is, a compound that converts to compound (I) by enzymatic oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis and the like, and a compound that converts to compound (I) by hydrolysis and the like by gastric acid and the like. Examples of a prodrug of compound (I) include a compound wherein an amino group of compound (I) is acylated, alkylated or phosphorylated (e.g., a compound where an amino group of compound (I) is eicosanoylated, alanylated, pentylaminocarbonylated, (5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolen-4-yl) methoxycarbonylated, tetrahydrofuranylated, tetrahydropyranylated, pyrrolidylmethylated, pivaloyloxymethylated, tert-butylated and the like); a compound wherein a hydroxy group of compound (I) is acylated, alkylated, phosphorylated or borated (e.g., a compound where a hydroxy group of compound (I) is acetylated, palmitoylated, propanoylated, pivaloylated, succinylated, fumarylated, alanylated, dimethylaminomethylcarbonylated, tetrahydropyranylated and the like); a compound wherein a carboxyl group of compound (I) is esterified or amidated (e.g., a compound where a carboxyl group of compound (I) is ethyl esterified, phenyl esterified, carboxymethyl esterified, dimethylaminomethyl esterified, pivaloyloxymethyl esterified, ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl esterified, phthalizyl esterified, (5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolen-4-yl)methyl esterified, cyclohexyloxycarbonylethyl esterified, methylamidated and the like) and the like. These compounds can be produced from compound (I) by a method known per se.

A prodrug of compound (I) may be a compound that converts to compound (I) under physiological conditions as described in IYAKUHIN NO KAIHATSU, vol. 7, BUNSHI SEKKEI, 163-198, Hirokawa Shoten (1990).

In addition, the compound (I) may be labeled with an isotope (e.g., ³H, ¹⁴C, ³⁵S, ¹²⁵I and the like) or the like.

The compound (I) may be an anhydride or a hydrate.

The compound (I) and a prodrug thereof (hereinafter sometimes to be abbreviated as the compound of the present invention) is low in toxicity (e.g., acute toxicity, chronic-toxicity, genetic toxicity, reproductive toxicity, cardiac toxicity, drug interaction, carcinogenicity) and can be used safely as a TGR5 receptor agonist as they are or by admixing with a pharmacologically acceptable carrier and the like to give a pharmaceutical composition.

Here, various organic or inorganic carriers conventionally used as materials for pharmaceutical reparations are used as a pharmacologically acceptable carrier, which are added as excipient, lubricant, binder, disintegrant for solid preparations; and solvent, dissolution aids, suspending agent, isotonicity agent, buffer, soothing agent and the like for liquid preparations. Where necessary, additive for pharmaceutical preparations such as preservative, antioxidant, coloring agent, sweetening agent and the like can be used.

Preferable examples of the excipient include lactose, sucrose, D-mannitol, D-sorbitol, starch, pregelatinized starch, dextrin, crystalline cellulose, low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, gum acacia, pullulan, light silicic anhydride, synthetic aluminum silicate, magnesium aluminate metasilicate and the like.

Preferable examples of the lubricant include magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, talc, colloidal silica and the like.

Preferable examples of the binder include pregelatinized starch, saccharose, gelatin, gum acacia, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, crystalline cellulose, sucrose, D-mannitol, trehalose, dextrin, pullulan, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone and the like.

Preferable examples of the disintegrant include lactose, sucrose, starch, carboxymethylcellulose, calcium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium croscarmellose, sodium carboxymethyl starch, light silicic anhydride, low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose and the like.

Preferable examples of the solvent include water for injection, physiological brine, Ringer's solution, alcohol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, sesame oil, corn oil, olive oil, cottonseed oil and the like.

Preferable examples of the dissolution aids include polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, D-mannitol, trehalose, benzyl benzoate, ethanol, trisaminomethane, cholesterol, triethanolamine, sodium carbonate, sodium citrate, sodium salicylate, sodium acetate and the like.

Preferable examples of the suspending agent include surfactants such as stearyltriethanolamine, sodium lauryl sulfate, lauryl aminopropionate, lecithin, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, glycerol monostearate and the like; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose and the like; polysorbates, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil; and the like.

Preferable examples of the isotonicity agent include sodium chloride, glycerol, D-mannitol, D-sorbitol, glucose and the like.

Preferable examples of the buffer include phosphate buffer, acetate buffer, carbonate buffer, citrate buffer and the like.

Preferable examples-of the soothing agent include benzyl alcohol and the like.

Preferable examples of the preservative include p-oxybenzoates, chlorobutanol, benzyl alcohol, phenethyl alcohol, dehydroacetic acid, sorbic acid and the like.

Preferable examples of the antioxidant include sulfite, ascorbate and the like.

Preferable examples of the coloring agent include water-soluble edible tar pigments (e.g., foodcolors such as Food Color Red Nos. 2 and 3, Food Color Yellow Nos. 4 and 5, Food Color Blue Nos. 1 and 2 and the like), water insoluble lake pigments (e.g., aluminum salt of the aforementioned water-soluble edible tar pigment and the like), natural pigments (e.g., beta carotene, chlorophil, red iron oxide etc.) and the like.

Preferable examples of the sweetening agent include saccharin sodium, dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, aspartame, stevia and the like.

The above-mentioned pharmaceutical composition can be produced according to a method conventionally used in the field of pharmaceutical preparation, such as the method described in Japan Pharmacopoeia (e.g., 13th Ed.). The content of the compound of the present invention in the pharmaceutical composition is, for example, about 0.1-100 wt % of the whole composition.

The dosage form of the pharmaceutical composition is, for example, an oral agent such as tablets (inclusive of sublingual tablets and orally disintegrable tablets), capsules (inclusive of soft capsules and micro capsules), powders, granules, troches, syrups and the like; or a parenteral agent such as injections (e.g., subcutaneous injections, intravenous injections, intramuscular injections, intraperitoneal injections, drip infusions etc.), external agents (e.g., transdermal preparations, ointments etc.), suppositories (e.g., rectal suppositories, vaginal suppositories etc.), pellets, nasal preparations, pulmonary preparations (inhalations), ophthalmic preparations and the like. These agents may be controlled-release preparations such as rapid-release preparations and sustained-release preparations (e.g., sustained-release microcapsules).

The TGR5 receptor agonist of the present invention is useful as a regulator of physiological functions in which TGR5 is involved, an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of pathology or disease in which TGR5 is involved and the like.

As the physiological function of a “regulator of physiological functions in which TGR5 is involved”, cytokine production, immune reaction, GLP (glucagon-like peptide)-1 secretion, insulin secretion, appetite, pancreatic regeneration, pancreatic β cell differentiation, pancreatic β cell growth, insulin resistance and the like can be mentioned. As the regulator (promoter or suppressant) of the physiological function, for example, cytokine production suppressant, immunosuppressant, GLP-1 secretion promoter, insulin secretagogue, hypoglycemic agent, anorectic agent, pancreatic regenerator, pancreatic β cell differentiation promoter, pancreatic β cell growth promoter, insulin sensitizer and the like can be mentioned. As the aforementioned cytokine, for example, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, interleukin (IL) 6 and the like can be mentioned. In addition, as the “pathology or disease in which TGR5 is involved”, for example, cardiac failure, cardiac infarction, acute kidney failure, angina pectoris, arrhythmia, bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, arteriosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes (including type I diabetes, type II diabetes, gestational diabetes), obesity, insulin hyposecretion, pancreatic fatigue, gastric ulcer, ulcerative colitis, allergy, osteoarthritis, erythematosus, excessive immune reaction after transplantation, infectious disease and the like can be mentioned.

For diagnostic criteria of diabetes, Japan Diabetes Society reported new diagnostic criteria in 1999.

According to this report, diabetes is a condition showing any of a fasting blood glucose level (glucose concentration of intravenous plasma) of not less than 126 mg/dl, a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (75 g OGTT) 2 h level (glucose concentration of intravenous plasma) of not less than 200 mg/dl, and a non-fasting blood glucose level (glucose concentration of intravenous plasma) of not less than 200 mg/dl. A condition not falling under the above-mentioned diabetes and different from “a condition showing a fasting blood glucose level (glucose concentration of intravenous plasma) of less than 110 mg/dl or a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (75 g OGTT) 2 h level (glucose concentration of intravenous plasma) of less than 140 mg/dl” (normal type) is called a “borderline type.”

In addition, ADA (American Diabetes Association) reported new diagnostic criteria of diabetes in 1997 and WHO in 1998.

According to these reports, diabetes is a condition showing a fasting blood glucose level (glucose concentration of intravenous plasma) of not less than 126 mg/dl and a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test 2 h level (glucose concentration of intravenous plasma) of not less than 200 mg/dl.

According to the above-mentioned reports, impaired glucose tolerance is a condition showing a fasting blood glucose level (glucose concentration of intravenous plasma) of less than 126 mg/dl and a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test 2 h level (glucose concentration of intravenous plasma) of not less than 140 mg/dl and less than 200 mg/dl. According to the report of ADA, a condition showing a fasting blood glucose level (glucose concentration of intravenous plasma) of not less than 110 mg/dl and less than 126 mg/dl is called IFG (Impaired Fasting Glucose). According to the report of WHO, among the IFG (Impaired Fasting Glucose), a condition showing a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test 2 h level (glucose concentration of intravenous plasma) of less than 140 mg/dl is called IFG (Impaired Fasting Glycemia).

The TGR receptor agonist of the present invention can be also used as an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of diabetes, borderline type, impaired glucose tolerance, IFG (Impaired Fasting Glucose) and IFG (Impaired Fasting Glycemia), as determined according to the above-mentioned new diagnostic criteria. Moreover, the TGR receptor agonist of the present invention can prevent progress of borderline type, impaired glucose tolerance, IFG (Impaired Fasting Glucose) or IFG (Impaired Fasting Glycemia) into diabetes.

Furthermore, as the “pathology or disease in which TGR5 is involved”, for example, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, eating disorder, hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, nonsmall cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, stomach cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, pneumonia, bronchitis, lung fibrosis, Crohn's disease, atopic dermatitis, immune deficiency, leukemia, liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, liver failure, cholestasis, calculus, gastrointestinal ulcer, enteritis, obesity and the like can be mentioned.

The TGR5 receptor agonist of the present invention can be administered safely to mammals (e.g., human, mouse, rat, rabbit, guinea pig, hamster, dog, cat, bovine, horse, pig, monkey etc.).

While the dose of the TGR5 receptor agonist of the present invention varies depending on the administration subject, administration route, target disease and the like, for example, when the agonist is orally administered as an immunosuppressant to an adult (about 60 kg), it is about 0.1 to 100 mg, preferably about 1.0 to 50 mg, more preferably about 1.0 to 20 mg, based on the compound of the present invention, which is the active ingredient, per day. The dose may be given at once or in several portions. When the TGR5 receptor agonist of the present invention is parenterally (e.g., intravenous injection) administered as an immunosuppressant to an adult (about 60 kg), the dose is about 0.01 to 30 mg, preferably about 0.1 to 20 mg, more preferably about 0.1 to 10 mg, based on the compound of the present invention, which is the active ingredient, per day. The dose may be given at once or in several portions.

The TGR5 receptor agonist of the present invention can be used in combination with pharmaceutical agents such as therapeutic agents for diabetes, therapeutic agents for diabetic complications, therapeutic agents for hyperlipidemia, antihypertensive agents, antiobestic agents, diuretics, chemotherapeutic agents, immunotherapeutic agents, antiinflammatory drugs, antithrombotic agents, therapeutic agents for. osteoporosis, vitamins, antidementia agents, therapeutic agents for incontinentia or pollakiuria, therapeutic agents for dysuria and the like (hereinafter sometimes to be abbreviated as drug X).

As the aforementioned therapeutic agents for diabetes, insulin preparations (e.g., animal insulin preparations extracted from the pancreas of bovine and pig; human insulin preparations genetically synthesized using Escherichia coli, yeast; zinc insulin; protamine zinc insulin; fragment or derivative of insulin (e.g., INS-1 etc.), oral insulin preparation and the like), insulin sensitizers (e.g., Pioglitazone or a salt thereof (preferably hydrochloride), Rosiglitazone or a salt thereof (preferably maleate), Reglixane (JTT-501), Netoglitazone (MCC-555), GI-262570, FK-614, CS-011, compounds described in WO99/58510 (e.g., (E)-4-[4-(5-methyl-2-phenyl-4-oxazolylmethoxy)benzyloxyimino]-4-phenylbutyric acid), compounds described in WO01/38325, Tesaglitazar (AZ-242), BM-13-1258, LM-4156, MBX-102, LY-519818, MX-6054, LY-510929, Balaglitazone (NN-2344), T-131 or a salt thereof, THR-0921), α-glucosidase inhibitors (e.g., voglibose, acarbose, miglitol, emiglitate etc.), biguanides (e.g., phenformin, metformin, buformin or a salt thereof (e.g., hydrochlide, fumarate, succinate) etc.), insulin secretagogues [sulfonylurea (e.g., tolbutamide, glibenclamide, gliclazide, chlorpropamide, tolazamide, acetohexamide, glyclopyramide, glimepiride etc.), repaglinide, senaglinide, mitiglinide or calcium salt hydrate thereof, nateglinide, etc.], GLP-1 receptor agonists [e.g., GLP-1, GLP-1MR agent, NN-2211, AC-2993 (exendin-4), BIM-51077, Aib(8,35)hGLP-1(7,37)NH₂, CJC-1131 etc.], dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor (e.g., NVP-DPP-278, PT-100, P32/98, P93/01, NVP-DPP7728, LAF237, TS-021 etc.), 03 agonist (e.g., CL-316243, SR-58611-A, UL-TG-307, AJ-9677, AZ40140 etc.), amylin agonists (e.g., pramlintide etc.), phosphotyrosine phosphatase inhibitors (e.g., sodium vanadate etc.), gluconeogenesis inhibitors (e.g., glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor, glucose-6-phosphatase inhibitor, glucagon antagonist etc.), SGLT (sodium-glucose cotransporter) inhibitors (e.g., T-1095 etc.), 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitors (e.g., BVT-3498 etc.), adiponectin or agonist thereof, IKK inhibitors (e.g., AS-2868 etc.), leptin resistance improving drugs, somatostatin receptor agonists (compounds described in WO01/25228, WO03/42204, WO98/44921, WO98/45285, WO99/22735 etc.), glucokinase activators (e.g., Ro-28-1675) and the like can be mentioned.

Examples of the therapeutic agent for diabetic complications include aldose reductase inhibitors (e.g., Tolrestat, Epalrestat, Zenarestat, Zopolrestat, Fidarestat (SNK-860), AS-3201, Minalrestat (ARI-509), CT-112 etc.), neurotrophic factors and increasing drugs thereof (e.g., NGF, NT-3, BDNF, neurotrophin production-secretion promoters described in WO01/14372 (e.g., 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-methyl-l-imidazolyl)-5-[3-(2-methylphenoxy)propyl]oxazole etc.) and the like), protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors (e.g., LY-333531 etc.), AGE inhibitors (e.g., ALT-945, pimagedine, pyratoxanthine, N-phenacylthiazolium bromide (ALT-76.6), EXO-226, ALT-711, Pyridorin, Pyridoxamine etc.), active oxygen scavengers (e.g., thioctic acid etc.), cerebral vasodilators (e.g., tiapride etc.), somatostatin receptor agonists (BIM23190), apoptosis signal regulating kinase-1 (ASK-1) inhibitors and the like.

Examples of the therapeutic agent of hyperlipidemia include HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (e.g., pravastatin, simvastatin, lovastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin, pitavastatin, rosuvastatin and salts thereof (e.g., sodium salt etc.) etc.), squalene synthase inhibitors (e.g., compounds described in WO97/10224, such as N-[[(3R,5S)-1-(3-acetoxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)-7-chloro-5-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]acetyl]piperidine-4-acetic acid etc.), fibrate compounds (e.g., bezafibrate, clofibrate, simfibrate, clinofibrate etc.), antioxidant (e.g., lipoic acid, probucol) and the like.

Examples of the antihypertensive agent include angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (e.g., captopril, enalapril, delapril etc.), angiotensin II receptor antagonists (e.g., losartan, candesartan cilexetil, eprosartan, valsartan, telmisartan, irbesartan, olmesartan medoxomil, tasosartan, 1-[[2′-(2,5-dihydro-5-oxo-4H-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl]-2-ethoxy-1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid etc.), calcium antagonist (e.g., manidipine, nifedipine, amlodipine, efonidipine, nicardipine etc.), Clonidine and the like.

Examples of the antiobestic agent include antiobestic agents acting on the central nervous system (e.g., Dexfenfluramine, fenfluramine, phentermine, Sibutramine, amfepramone, dexamphetamine, Mazindol, phenylpropanolamine, clobenzorex; MCH receptor antagonists (e.g., SB-568849; SNAP-7941; compounds described in WO01/82925 and WO01/87834 etc.); neuropeptide Y antagonists (e.g., CP-422935 etc.); cannabinoid receptor antagonists (e.g., SR-141716, SR-147778 etc.); ghrelin antagonist; 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitors (e.g., BVT-3498 etc.) and the like), pancreatic lipase inhibitors (e.g., orlistat, ATL-962 etc.), β3 agonists (e.g., CL-316243,.SR-58611-A, UL-TG-307, AJ-9677, AZ40140 etc.), peptidic anorexiants (e.g., leptin, CNTF (Ciliary Neurotropic Factor) etc.), cholecystokinin agonists (e.g., lintitript, FPL-15849 etc.), feeding deterrent (e.g., P-57 etc.) and the like.

Examples of the diuretic include xanthine derivatives (e.g., sodium salicylate and theobromine, calcium salicylate and theobromine etc.), thiazide preparations (e.g., ethiazide, cyclopenthiazide, trichloromethiazide, hydrochlorothiazide, hydroflumethiazide, benzylhydrochlorothiazide, penflutizide, polythiazide, methyclothiazide etc.), antialdosterone preparations (e.g., spironolactone, triamterene etc.), carbonate dehydratase inhibitors (e.g., acetazolamide etc.), chlorobenzenesulfonamide preparations (e.g., chlortalidone, mefruside, indapamide etc.), azosemide, isosorbide, etacrynic acid, piretanide, bumetanide, furosemide and the like.

Examples of the chemotherapeutic agent include alkylation agents (e.g., cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide etc.), metabolic antagonists (e.g., methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil and derivatives thereof etc.), anti-cancer antibiotics (e.g., mitomycin, adriamycin etc.), plant-derived anti-cancer agents (e.g., vincristin, vindesine, taxol etc.), cisplatin, carboplatin, etoposide and the like. Among them, furtulon and neofurtulon, which are 5-fluorouracil derivatives, and the like are preferable.

Examples of the immunotherapeutic agent include microorganism or bacterial components (e.g., muramyl dipeptide derivative, picibanil etc.), polysaccharides having immunity potentiating activity (e.g., lentinan, sizofiran, krestin etc.), cytokines obtained by genetic engineering techniques (e.g., interferon, interleukin (IL) etc.), colony stimulating factors (e.g., granulocyte colony stimulating factor, erythropoietin etc.) and the like, with preference given to interleukins such as IL-1, IL-2 and IL-12.

As the antiinflammatory drug, for example, non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents such as aspirin, acetaminophen, indomethacin and the like can be mentioned.

Examples of the antithrombotic agent include heparin (e.g., heparin sodium, heparin calcium, dalteparin sodium etc.), warfarin (e.g., warfarin potassium etc.), anti-thrombin drugs (e.g., aragatroban etc.), thrombolytic agents (e.g., urokinase, tisokinase, alteplase, nateplase, monteplase, pamiteplase etc.), platelet aggregation inhibitors (e.g., ticlopidine hydrochloride, cilostazol, ethyl icosapentate, beraprost sodium, sarpogrelate hydrochloride etc.) and the like.

Examples of the therapeutic agent of osteoporosis include alfacalcidol, calcitriol, elcatonin, calcitonin salmon, estriol, ipriflavone, pamidronate disodium, alendronate sodium hydrate, incadronate disodium and the like.

As the vitamin, for example, vitamin B1, vitamin B12 and the like can be mentioned.

Examples of the antidementia agent include tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine, galanthamine and the like.

Examples of the therapeutic agent for incontinentia or pollakiuria include flavoxate hydrochloride, oxybutynin hydrochloride, propiverine hydrochloride and the like.

Examples of the therapeutic agent for dysuria include acetylcholine esterase inhibitors (e.g., distigmine) and the like.

The above-mentioned drug X may be a combination of two or more kinds thereof at an appropriate ratio.

By combining the compound of the present invention and a drug X, a superior effect such as,

-   (1) the dose of TGR5 receptor agonist of the present invention     and/or drug X can be reduced as compared to single administration of     TGR5 receptor agonist of the present invention or drug X, -   (2) a synergistic effect can be afforded by a combined use of the     compound of the present invention and drug X, and the like, can be     achieved.

For the use of the TGR5 receptor agonist of the 30 present invention and drug X in combination, the administration time of TGR5 receptor agonist of the present invention and drug X is not restricted, and TGR5 receptor agonist of the present invention and drug X can be administered to an administration subject simultaneously, or may be administered at staggered times. The dosage of the drug X may be determined according to the dose clinically used, and can be appropriately selected depending on an administration subject, administration route, disease, combination and the like.

The administration mode of TGR5 receptor agonist of the present invention and drug X is not particularly restricted, as long as TGR5 receptor agonist of the present invention and drug X are combined in administration. Examples of such administration mode include the following methods: (1) TGR5 receptor agonist of the present invention and drug X are simultaneously formulated to give a single preparation which is administered. (2) TGR5 receptor agonist of the present invention and drug X are separately formulated to give two kinds of preparations which are administered simultaneously by the same administration route. (3) TGR5 receptor agonist of the present invention and drug X are separately formulated to give two kinds of preparations which are administered by the same administration route at staggered times. (4) TGR5 receptor agonist of the present invention and drug X are separately formulated to give two kinds of preparations which are administered simultaneously by the different administration routes. (5) TGR5 receptor agonist of the present invention and drug X are separately formulated to give two kinds of preparations which are administered by the different administration routes at staggered times (for example, TGR5 receptor agonist of the present invention and drug X are administered in this order, or in the reverse order), and the like.

The present invention further provides a pharmaceutical agent comprising compound (IB), compound (IC), compound (IA) or a prodrug thereof. The pharmaceutical agent is low in toxicity (e.g., acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, genetic toxicity, reproductive toxicity, cardiac toxicity, drug interaction, carcinogenicity) and can be produced and used safely in the same manner as in the aforementioned TGR5 receptor agonist.

The pharmaceutical agent can be safely administered to mammals (e.g., human, mouse, rat, rabbit, guinea pig, hamster, dog, cat, bovine, horse, pig, monkey etc.) as, for example, the aforementioned “regulator of physiological functions in which TGR5 is involved, agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of pathology or disease in which TGR5 is involved” and the like. The dose of the pharmaceutical agent is the same as that of the aforementioned TGR5 receptor agonist.

The present invention further relates to a screening method of a ligand, an agonist or an antagonist for a TGR5 receptor, which comprises use of a TGR5 receptor protein or a partial peptide thereof or a salt thereof and the compound of the present invention.

The TGR5 receptor protein (hereinafter to be simply abbreviated as “TGR5”) to be used for the screening method of the present invention is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) protein containing an amino acid sequence identical or substantially identical to the amino acid sequence shown by SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:10 or SEQ ID NO:12, preferably, a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) protein containing an amino acid sequence identical or substantially identical to the amino acid sequence shown by SEQ ID NO:2.

TGR5 may be derived from any type of cells of humans and other mammals (e.g., guinea pig, rat, mouse, rabbit, hamster, dog, pig, sheep, bovine, monkey etc.), for example, splenocytes, neurons, glia cells, pancreatic β cells, bone marrow cells, mesangium cells, Langerhans cells, intestinal L cells, epidermal cells, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, fibre cells, muscle cells, adipocytes, immune cells (e.g., macrophages, T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, mast cells, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes), megakaryocytes, synovial cells, chondrocytes, osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, mammary cells,.hepatocytes and interstitial cells, precursor cells, stem cells and cancer cells of said cells, and cells in the blood cell system. The receptor protein may also derived from any tissue in which said cells are present, for example, the brain, each region of the brain (e.g., olfactory bulbs, amyglada, basal ganglia, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamic nucleus, cerebral cortex, medulla oblongata, cerebelleum, occipital lobes, frontal lobe, lateral lobe, putamen, caudate nucleus, corpus callosum, substantia nigra), spinal cord, pituitary gland, stomach, pancreas, kidneys, liver, gonads, thyroid gland, gallbladder, bone marrow, adrenal glands, skin, muscle, lung, digestive tract (e.g., large intestine, small intestine), vascular vessels, heart, thymus, spleen, submandibular gland, peripheral blood, peripheral blood cells, prostate, orchis, testes, ovaries, placenta, uterus, bones, joints, skeletal muscles and the like. The receptor protein may also be synthetic.

The amino acid sequences substantially identical to the amino acid sequence shown by SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:10 or SEQ ID NO:12 are amino acid sequences having about 50% or more homology, preferably about 60% or more homology, more preferably about 70% or more homology, further more preferably about 80% or more homology, particularly preferably about 90% or more homology, most preferably about 95% or more homology, to the amino acid sequences shown by SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:10 and SEQ ID NO:12.

As proteins containing amino acid sequences substantially identical to the amino acid sequence shown by SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:10 and SEQ ID NO:12, for example, proteins containing amino acid sequences substantially identical to the amino acid sequence shown by SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:10 or SEQ ID NO:12 and having substantially the same activity as that of a receptor protein consisting of the amino acid sequence shown by SEQ ID NO:2 are preferable.

The substantially same activity includes ligand-binding activity, signal transduction activity and the like. The “substantially the same” means that the quality of the activity is the same. Therefore, although it is preferable that the activities such as ligand-binding activities, signal transduction activities and the like are equivalent (e.g., about 0.01- to 100-fold, preferably about 0.5- to 20-fold, more preferably about 0.5- to 2-fold), quantitative factors such as the level of activity, the molecular weight of the protein and the like may differ.

The activities such as the ligand-binding activity, signal transduction activity and the like can be determined according to known methods and, for example, these activities can be determined according to the screening methods of ligands, agonists or antagonists as described below.

Proteins containing the following amino acid sequences are also used as TGR5: 1) amino acid sequences shown by SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:10 or SEQ ID NO:12 in which one, two or more amino acids (preferably 1-30 amino acids, more preferably 1-10 amino acids, most preferably several (1-5) amino acids) are deleted, 2) amino acid sequences shown by SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:10 or SEQ ID NO:12 in which one, two, or more amino acids (preferably 1-30 amino acids, more preferably 1-10 amino acids, and most preferably several (1-5) amino acids) are added, 3) amino acid sequences shown by SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:10 or SEQ ID NO:12 in which one, two, or more amino acids (preferably 1-30 amino acids, more preferably 1-10 amino acids, and most preferably several (1-5) amino acids) are substituted by other amino acids; or 4) a protein containing a combination of such amino acid sequences and the like.

The protein in the present specification is presented according to the conventional presentation manner of peptides: the left end presents the N-terminal (amino terminal) and the right end presents the C-terminal (carboxyl terminal). In TGR5s including the receptor protein containing the amino acid sequence shown by SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:10 or SEQ ID NO:12, the C-terminal may be any of a carboxyl group (—COOH), carboxylate (—COO⁻), amide (—CONH2) and ester (—COOR).

For R in the esters, for example, C₁₋₆ alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl and n-butyl, for example, C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl groups such as cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl, for example, C₆₋₁₂ aryl groups such as phenyl and c-naphthyl, for example, C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl groups including phenyl-C₁₋₂ alkyl groups such as benzyl and phenethyl and α-naphthyl-C₁₋₂ alkyl groups such as α-naphthylmethyl are used, and pivaloyloxymethyl groups, which are commonly used for oral esters, and the like are also used.

When the TGR5 has a carboxyl group (or carboxylate) at a site other than the C-terminal, TGR5 having an amidated or esterified carboxyl group are also included in TGR5. For the ester form in this case, for example, the C-terminal esters described above and the like are used.

Further, the TGR5 also includes proteins described above in which the amino group of the N-terminal methionine residue is protected by a protecting group (e.g., C₁₋₆ acyl groups such as formyl group, C₂₋₆ alkanoyl groups such as acetyl and the like, and the like), those in which the N-terminal is cleaved in vivo and the glutamyl group produced is converted to pyroglutamate, those in which substituents on amino acid side chains in the molecule (e.g., —OH, —SH, amino group, imidazole group, indole group, guanidino group and the like) are protected by appropriate protecting groups (e.g., C₁₋₆ acyl groups such as formyl group, C₂₋₆ alkanoyl groups such as acetyl and the like, and the like), or complex proteins to which sugar chains are bound, that is glycoproteins.

As a specific example of TGR5, for example, receptor protein consisting of an amino acid sequence shown by SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:10 or SEQ ID NO:12 and the like are used.

For the partial peptides of TGR5 (hereinafter sometimes to be simply abbreviated as “partial peptides”), any partial peptide may be used as long as it has a partial amino acid sequence of TGR5 described above. For example, of the molecules of TGR5, a region exposed to the outside of the cell membrane, which has substantially the same receptor activity as that of a complete molecule, and the like are used.

Concretely, the partial peptides of TGR5 having amino acid sequence shown by SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:10 or SEQ ID NO:12 are peptides containing the regions that are shown to be the extracellular domains (hydrophilic regions) by the hydrophobicity plot analysis. Part of peptides partially containing hydrophobic region may also be used. Peptides containing individual domains can be used, but peptides of a part containing multiple domains may also be used.

The number of amino acids in the partial peptides of the present invention is preferably peptide having at least 20 or more, preferably 50 or more, and more preferably 100 or more of the constitutive amino acid sequence of TGR5 described above and the like.

The substantially identical amino acid sequences are amino acid sequences that have about 50% or more, preferably about 60% or more, more preferably about 70% or more, further more preferably about 80% or more, particularly preferably about 90% or more, most preferably about 95% or more, homology to these amino acid sequences.

Here, the “substantially identical receptor activity” means the same definition as described above. The “substantially identical receptor activity” can be determined as described above.

In the partial peptides of the present invention, one, two, or more amino acids (preferably about 1-10 amino acids, more preferably several (1-5) amino acids) may be deleted, one, two, or more amino acids preferably about 1-20 amino acids, preferably about 1-10 amino acids, and more preferably several (1-5) amino acids) may be added, or one, two, or more amino acids (preferably about 1-10 amino acids, more preferably several amino acids, and most preferably about 1-5 amino acids) may be substituted by other amino acids.

In the partial peptides of the present invention, the C-terminal may generally be any of carboxyl group (—COOH) and carboxylate (—COO⁻), or the C-terminal may be amide (—CONH₂) or ester (—COOR) as in the above-mentioned protein of the present invention. When the partial peptide of the present invention has a carboxyl group (or carboxylate) besides C-terminal, the partial peptide of the present invention also encompasses one wherein a carboxyl group is amidated or esterified. As the ester in this case, for example, an ester of the above-mentioned C-terminal and the like are used.

The partial peptides of the present invention include-peptides in which the amino group of the N-terminal methionine residue is protected by a protecting group, those in which the N-terminal residue is cleaved in vivo and the glutamine residue is converted to pyroglutaminate, those in which substituents in amino acid side chains in the molecule are protected by appropriate protecting groups, or those in which sugar chains are bound, that is glycopeptides, as in the TGR5 mentioned above.

The salts of the TGR5 or partial peptides include physiologically acceptable salts formed with acids or bases, especially physiologically acceptable salts formed with acids are preferred. For examples, the salts formed with inorganic acids (e.g., hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid) and the salts formed with organic acids (e.g., acetic acid, formic acid, propionic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, benzoic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid) are used.

TGR5, a partial peptide thereof and a salt thereof can be produced, purified and isolate according to the methods described in WO01/77325 and WO02/84286.

For the polynucleotide encoding TGR5, any polynucleotide containing the nucleotide sequence (DNA or RNA, preferably DNA) encoding TGR5 described above can be used. As the polynucleotide, DNA, RNA and the like having a nucleotide sequence encoding amino acid sequence of TGR5 can be mentioned, which may be double-stranded or single-stranded. When the polynucleotide is double-stranded, it may be double-stranded DNA, double-stranded RNA, or DNA:RNA hybrid. When the polynucleotide is single-stranded, it may be sense strand (i.e. coding strand) or antisense strand (i.e. non-coding strand).

The DNA encoding TGR5 may be any DNA of genomic DNA, genomic DNA library, cDNA and cDNA library derived from the cells and tissues described above, and synthetic DNA. For the vector used for library, bacteriophage, plasmid, cosmid, phagemid and the like may be used. The DNA may be directly amplified by Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (hereinafter to be abbreviated as RT-PCR method) using total RNA or mRNA fraction prepared from the cells and tissues described above.

Concretely, the DNA encoding TGR5 may be, for example, any DNA containing the nucleotide sequence shown by SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:9 or SEQ ID NO:11 or DNA having the nucleotide sequence that hybridize to the nucleotide sequence shown by SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:9 or SEQ ID NO:11 under a high stringent condition, and encoding the receptor protein having substantially same activity (e.g., ligand-binding activity, signal transduction activity and the like) as that of TGR5.

For the DNA that can hybridize to the nucleotide sequence shown by SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:9 or SEQ ID NO:11, for example, DNAs containing a nucleotide sequence that have about 70% or more homology, preferably about 80% or more homology, more preferably about 90% or more homology, most preferably about 95% or more homology to the nucleotide sequence shown by SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:9 or SEQ ID NO:11 and the like are used.

Hybridization can be performed using a known method or the method analogous thereto, for example, the method described in Molecular Cloning, 2nd ed. (J. Sambrook et al., Cold Spring Harbor Lab. Press, 1989) and the like. When a commercial library is used, hybridization may be performed according to a method described in the attached instruction. Preferably, hybridization may be performed according to a high stringent condition.

In the high stringent condition, for example, the sodium concentration is about 19 to 40 mM, preferably about 19 to 20 mM, and the temperature is about 50° C. to 70° C., preferably about 60° C. to 65° C. In the most preferred condition, the sodium concentration is about 19 mM and the temperature is about 65° C.

More concretely, for the DNA encoding human TGR5 containing an amino acid sequence shown by SEQ ID:2, the DNAs containing the nucleotide sequence shown by SEQ ID:1 and the like are used. As the DNA encoding mouse TGR5 containing an amino acid sequence shown by SEQ ID NO:4, a DNA containing a nucleotide sequence shown by SEQ ID NO:3 and the like are used. As the DNA encoding rat TGR5 containing an amino acid sequence shown by SEQ ID NO:6, a DNA containing a nucleotide sequence shown by SEQ ID NO:5 and the like are used. As the DNA encoding bovine TGR5 containing an amino acid sequence shown by SEQ ID NO:8, a DNA containing a nucleotide sequence shown by SEQ ID NO:7 and the like are used. As the DNA encoding rabbit TGR5 containing an amino acid sequence shown by SEQ ID NO:10, a DNA containing a nucleotide sequence shown by SEQ ID NO:9 and the like are used. As the DNA encoding guinea pig TGR5 containing an amino acid sequence shown by SEQ ID NO:12, a DNA containing a nucleotide sequence shown by SEQ ID NO:11 and the like are used.

The DNAs encoding the partial peptides of the present invention may be any DNA that contains a nucleotide sequence encoding the aforementioned partial peptide of the present invention, and may be genomic DNA, genomic DNA library, cDNA and cDNA library derived from the cells and tissues described above, and synthetic DNA. Vectors used for library may be bacteriophage, plasmid, cosmid, phagemid and the like. The DNA may be directly amplified using a mRNA fraction prepared from the cells and tissues described above by RT-PCR method.

Concretely, as the DNA encoding the partial peptides of the present invention, for example: (1) DNA containing a partial nucleotide sequence of the DNA shown by SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:9 or SEQ ID NO:11, and (2) DNA containing a partial nucleotide sequence of the DNA that contains a nucleotide sequence that hybridizes to the nucleotide sequence shown by SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:9 or SEQ ID NO:11 under a high stringent condition and encoding a receptor protein having substantially same activities (e.g., ligand binding activity, signal transduction activity and the like) as those of TGR5 and the like are used.

For the DNAs that-hybridize to the nucleotide sequence shown by SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:9 or SEQ ID NO:11, for example, DNAs containing about 70% or more, preferably about 80% or more, more preferably about 90% or more, most preferably about 95% or more homology to the nucleotide sequence shown by SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:9 or SEQ ID NO:11 and the like are used.

The above-mentioned DNA encoding TGR5 or partial peptides thereof can be cloned by the methods described in WO01/77325 and WO02/84286.

Conversion of the DNA nucleotide sequences can be performed by PCR or known methods such as ODA-LA PCR method, Gapped duplex method and Kunkel method or methods analogous thereto using a known kit such as Mutan™-super Express Km (TAKARA SHUZO CO., LTD.), Mutan™-K (TAKARA SHUZO CO., LTD.) and the like.

The cloned DNAs encoding TGR5 or a partial peptide thereof can be used without treatment or used after digestion with restriction enzymes or addition of linkers when desired. Said DNA may contain the translational initiation codon ATG at the 5′-end and translational stop codon TAA, TGA, or TAG at the 3′-end. These translational initiation codon and stop codon can be added using an appropriate synthetic DNA adaptor.

Expression vectors for TGR5 or a partial peptide thereof can be manufactured, for example, as follows: (i) The objective DNA fragment is excised from the DNA encoding TGR5 or a partial peptide thereof, and (ii) the DNA fragment is ligated to downstream of the promoter in an appropriate vector.

For the vector, Escherichia coli-derived plasmid (e.g., pBR322, pBR325, pUC12, pUC13), Bacillus subtilis-derived plasmid (e.g., pUB110, pTP5, pC194), yeast-derived plasmid (e.g., pSH19, pSH15), bacteriophages such as λ phage, animal viruses such as retrovirus, vaccinia virus, baculovirus, and pA1-11, pXT1, pRC/CMV, pRC/RSV, pcDNAI/Neo and the like are used.

Any promoter that is appropriate and corresponds to the host used for the gene expression may be used as the promoter used in expression vector of the present invention. For example, when animal cells are used as the host, SRα promoter, SV40 promoter, LTR promoter, CMV promoter, HSV-TK promoter and the like are mentioned.

Among them, CMV promoter, SRα promoter and the like are preferred. When the host is bacteria of Escherichia genus, trp promoter, lac promoter, recA promoter, λP_(L) promoter, 1pp promoter and the like are preferred. When the host is bacteria of Bacillus genus, SPO1 promoter, SPO2 promoter, penP promoter and the like are preferred. When the host is yeast, PHO5 promoter, PGK promoter, GAP promoter, ADH promoter and the like are preferred. When the host is insect cells, polyhedrin promoter, P10 promoter and the like are preferred.

In addition to the vectors described above, expression vectors containing enhancer, splicing signal, polyA addition signal, selection marker, SV40 replication origin (hereinafter sometimes to be abbreviated as SV40ori) and the like, may be used when desired. For the selection marker, for example, dihydrofolate reductase (hereinafter to be abbreviated as dhfr) gene (methotrexate (MTX)-resistant], ampicillin resistance gene (hereinafter sometimes to be abbreviated as Amp^(r)), neomycin resistance gene (hereinafter sometimes to be abbreviated as Neo^(r), G418 resistant) and the like are used. Especially, when dhfr gene is used as a selection marker using a dhfr gene-deficient chinese hamster ovary [CHO(dhfr⁻)] cell as a host, the objective gene can be selected using a thymidine-free medium.

Where necessary, moreover, a signal sequence appropriate for the host is added to the N-terminal of TGR5 (or substituted by native signal sequence). When the host is bacteria of Escherichia genus, PhoA signal sequence, OmpA signal sequence and the like can be used. When the host is bacteria of Bacillus genus, α-amylase signal sequence, subtilisin signal sequence and the like can be used. When the host is yeast, MFα signal sequence, SUC2 signal sequence and the like can be used. When the host is animal cells, insulin signal sequence, α-interferon signal sequence, the signal sequence of antibody molecule and the like can be used.

Using the vectors containing the DNA encoding TGR5 or a partial peptide thereof constructed as described above, transformants can be manufactured.

For the host, for example, Escherichia genus, Bacillus genus, yeast, insect cells, insects, animal cells and the like are used.

Specific examples of the host of Escherichia genus are Escherichia coli K12 DH1 [Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA) Vol. 60, 160 (1968)], JM103 [Nucleic Acids Research Vol. 9, 309 (1981)], JA221 [Journal of Molecular Biology Vol. 120, 517 (1978)], HB101 [Journal of Molecular Biology Vol. 41, 459 (1969)], C600 [Genetics Vol. 39, 440 (1954)] and the like are used.

For the host of Bacillus genus, for example, Bacillus subtilis MI114 [Gene Vol. 24, 255 (1983)] 207-21 [Journal of Biochemistry Vol. 95, 87 (1984)] and the like are used.

For the host of yeast, for example, Saccharomyces cerevisiae AH22, AH22R⁻, NA87-11A, DKD-5D, 20B-12, Schizosaccharomyces pombe NCYC1913, NCYC2036, Pichia pastoris and the like are used.

For the host of insect cells, for example, when the virus is AcNPV, Spodoptera frugiperda cells (Sf cells), MG1 cells derived from-the middle gut of Trichoplusia ni, High Five™ cells derived from Trichoplusia ni eggs, Mamestra brassicae-derived cells, Estigmena acrea-derived cells and the like are used. When the virus is BmNPV, silkworm-derived cells Bombyx mori N (BmN cells) and the like are used. For said Sf cells, for example, SF9 cells (ATCC CRL1711), Sf21 cells (Vaughn, J. L. et al., In Vivo 13, 213-217 (1977)) and the like are used.

For the host of insect, for example, silkworm larvae and the like are used [Maeda et al., Nature, Vol. 315, 592 (1985)].

For the host of animal cells, for example, monkey COS-7 cells, Vero, chinese hamster ovary cell (hereinafter to be abbreviated as CHO cells), dhfr gene-deficient Chinese hamster ovary cell (hereinafter to be abbreviated as CHO (dhfr⁻) cells), mouse L cells, mouse AtT-20, mouse myeloma cells, rat GH3, human FL cells, human HEK293 cells and the like are used.

Bacteria of Escherichia genus can be transformed according to, for example, the methods described in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 69, 2110 (1972), Gene Vol. 17, 107 (1982) and the like.

Bacteria of Bacillus genus can be transformed according to, for example, the methods described in Molecular & General Genetics Vol. 168, 111 (1979) and the like.

Yeast can be transformed according to, for example, the methods described in Methods in Enzymology Vol. 194, 182-187 (1991), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 75, 1929 (1978) and the like.

Insect cells and insects can be transformed according to, for example, the methods described in Bio/Technology, 6, 47-55 (1988) and the like.

Animal cells can be transformed by, for example, the methods described in Cell Engineering (Saibo Kogaku) Separate Vol. 8, New Cell Engineering Experimental Protocol, 263-267 (1995) (Shujun-sha) and Virology Vol. 52, 456 (1973).

As described above, the transformants transformed by the expression vector containing the DNA encoding TGR5 or a partial peptide thereof can be obtained.

For the medium for culturing the transformants wherein the host is Escherichia or Bacillus host, liquid medium is suitable, in which carbon source, nitrogen source, inorganic compounds, and other substances necessary for the growth of the transformants are contained. The carbon source includes for example, glucose, dextrin, soluble starch, sucrose and the like. The nitrogen source includes for example, inorganic and organic compounds such as ammonium salts, nitrates, corn steep liquor, peptone, casein, meat extract, soybean cake, potato extract and the like. The inorganic compounds include for example, calcium chloride, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium chloride and the like. Yeast extract, vitamins, growth factors and the like may be added. The pH of about 5 to 8 is desirable for the culture.

For the culture medium for bacteria of Escherichia genus, for example, M9 medium containing glucose and casamino acids (Miller, Journal of Experiments in Molecular Genetics, 431-433, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, 1972) is preferred. When more efficiency is required for the function of the promoter, reagent such as 3β-indolyl acrylate may be added. When the host is bacteria of Escherichia genus, the bacteria are generally cultured at about 15° C. to 43° C. for about 3 to 24 hrs, and aeration or agitation may be added to the culture, when necessary.

When the host is bacteria of Bacillus genus, the bacteria are generally cultured at about 30° C. to 40° C. for about 6 to 24 hrs, and aeration or agitation may be added to the culture, when necessary.

For the medium for culturing the transformant of yeast host, for example, Burkholder minimum medium [Bostian, K. L. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 77, 4505 (1980)] and SD medium containing 0.5% casamino acid [Bitter, G. A. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 81, 5330 (1984)] are used. The pH of the medium is preferably adjusted to about 5 to 8. The culture are generally performed at about 20° C. to 35° C. for about 24 to 72 hrs, and aeration or agitation may be added to the culture, when necessary.

When transformants of insect cell host or insect host are cultured, Grace's insect medium (Grace, T. C. C., Nature, 195, 788 (1962)) containing appropriate supplements such as inactivated 10% bovine serum is used as a medium. The pH of the medium is preferably adjusted to about 6.2 to 6.4. Usually, the culture is performed at about 27° C. for about 3 to 5 days, and aeration or agitation may be added to the culture, when necessary.

When the transformants of animal cell host are cultured, for example, MEM medium containing about 5 to 20% fetal calf serum [(Science Vol. 122, 501 (1952)), DMEM medium [Virology Vol. 8, 396 (1959)], RPMI 1640 medium [The Journal of the American Medical Association vol. 199, 519 (1967)], 199 medium (Proceeding of the Society for the Biological Medicine Vol. 73, 1 (1950)] and the like are used as the medium. The pH is preferably adjusted to about 6 to 8. Usually, the culture is performed at about 30° C. to 40° C. for about 15 to 60 hrs, and aeration or agitation may be added to the culture, when necessary.

As described above, TGR5 or a partial peptide thereof or a salt thereof can be produced intracellularly, on cell membrane or extracellularly of the transformants.

TGR5 or a partial peptide thereof or a salt thereof can be purified from the culture described above by, for example, the methods described below.

When TGR5 or a partial peptide thereof or a salt thereof is extracted from the cultured bacteria or cells, the bacteria or cells are collected after culture by a known method, and suspended in an appropriate buffer. The bacteria or cells are then disrupted using ultrasonication, lysozymes, and/or by freeze-thawing and the like, and the crude extract of receptor protein is obtained by centrifugation or filtration. The buffer may contain a protein denaturation agent such as urea, guanidine hydrochloride and the like. When TGR5 or a partial peptide thereof or a salt thereof is of a membrane binding type, the membrane fraction precipitated by centrifugation or filtration is solubilized with a surfactant such as TritonX-100™ and the like, and centrifuged to recover a supernatant. When TGR5 or a partial peptide thereof or a salt thereof is secreted into a culture medium, after the completion of the culture, the bacteria or cells and culture supernatant are separated by a known method and the culture supernatant is collected.

For purification of the TGR5 or a partial peptide thereof or a salt thereof contained in the thus-obtained culture supernatant, or a membrane solubilized fraction, known methods for separation and purification can be appropriately combined. These known methods for separation and purification include methods using solubility such as salting out and solvent precipitation, methods mainly using differences in molecular weight such as dialysis, ultrafiltration, gel filtration, and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electophoresis, methods using differences in electric charge such as ion-exchange chromatography, methods using specific affinity such as affinity chromatography, methods using differences in hydrophobicity such as reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography, methods using differences in isoelectric point such as isoelectric focusing and the like.

When TGR5 or a partial peptide thereof thus obtained is in a free form, the free form can be converted to salts by known methods or methods analogous thereto. Conversely, when TGR5 or a partial peptide thereof is obtained in a salt form, the salt form can be converted to the free form or other salts by known methods or methods analogous thereto.

TGR5 or a partial peptide thereof produced by transformants can be optionally modified or partially removed a polypeptide from TGR5 or a partial peptide thereof by treating TGR5 or a partial peptide thereof with an appropriate protein-modifying enzyme before or after purification. For the protein-modifying enzyme, for example, trypsin, chymotrypsin, arginylendopeptidase, protein kinase, glycosidase and the like are used.

The activity of TGR5 or a partial peptide thereof or a salt thereof thus produced can be measured by binding assay using labeled ligands and by enzyme immunoassay using specific antibody and the like.

In the following, a screening method for a compound that changes the bindability between TGR5 and a cholesterol metabolism-related substance, which is a physiological ligand thereof (i.e., other ligand to TGR5, TGR5 agonist, TGR5 antagonist and the like) is described in detail.

As mentioned above, since the compound of the present invention has a TGR5 agonistic activity, TGR5 ligand, agonist or antagonist can be efficiently screened for from the test compound by the use of a binding assay system using TGR5 or a partial peptide thereof or a salt thereof (hereinafter sometimes to be comprehensively abbreviated as to be “TGR5”) (including cells expressing recombinant or endogenous TGR5, cell membrane fraction thereof and the like) and the compound of the present invention as a surrogate ligand.

The TGR5 ligand and agonist are physiological and non-physiological compounds that bind with TGR5 to show a cell stimulating activity (e.g., increasing of intracellular CAMP production activity, activation of MAP kinase and the like) (hereinafter to be generally abbreviated as “TGR5 agonist”). As the cell stimulating activity, for example, activity to increase (1) intracellular CAMP production, (2) phosphorylation of intracellular protein (e.g., MAP kinase and the like), (3) extracellular pH reduction, (4) activation of low molecular weight G proteins such as Rho, Rac, Ras and the like, (5) transcription activation of reporter gene (e.g., luciferase and the like) placed downstream of transcription control CRE cis-element (cAMP responsive element), AP1, NFAT, SRE (serum responsive element) and the like, (6) intracellular calcium ion mobilization, (7) intracellular cGMP production, (8) inositol phosphate production and the like, can be mentioned.

The TGR5 antagonist is a compound that binds with TGR5 but does not show a cell stimulating activity, or shows an activity inverse to the cell stimulating activity (inverse agonistic activity). In the present specification, therefore, the “TGR5 antagonist” is used as a concept encompassing not only what is called neutral antagonists but also inverse agonists.

In addition, by the screening method of the present invention, a compound that potentiates binding avidity of cholesterol metabolism-related substance and TGR5, or a compound that decreases the binding avidity of cholesterol metabolism-related substance and TGR5 and the like can be screened for.

That is, the present invention provides a screening method of TGR5 agonist or TGR5 antagonist, which comprises comparing between (i) when TGR5 and the compound of the present invention are brought into contact and (ii) when TGR5, the compound of the present invention and a test compound are brought into contact.

The screening method of the present invention is characterized in that, for example, binding amount, cell stimulating activity and the like of the compound of the present invention relative to TGR5 in the cases of (i) and (ii) are determined and compared.

More specifically, the present invention provides

-   (1) a screening method of TGR5 agonist or TGR5 antagonist, which is     characterized in that the amounts of the labeled compound of the     present invention bound to TGR5 in the cases of when a labeled     compound of the present invention is brought into contact with TGR5     and when a labeled compound of the present invention and a test     compound are brought into contact with TGR5 are determined and     compared, -   (2) a screening method of TGR5 agonist or TGR5 antagonist, which is     characterized in that the amounts of the labeled compound of the     present invention bound to a cell or a membrane fraction in the     cases of when a labeled compound of the present invention is brought     into contact with the cell containing TGR5 or the membrane fraction     of the cell and when a labeled compound of the present invention and     a test compound are brought into contact with the cell containing     TGR5 or the membrane fraction of the cell are determined and     compared, -   (3) a screening method of TGR5 agonist or TGR5 antagonist, which is     characterized in that the amount of the labeled compound of the     present invention bound to TGR5 in the cases of when a labeled     compound of the present invention is brought into contact with TGR5     expressed on a cell membrane by culture of a transformant containing     TGR5 DNA and when a labeled compound of the present invention and a     test compound are brought into contact with TGR5 expressed on a cell     membrane by culture of a transformant containing TGR5 DNA are     determined and compared, -   (4) a screening method of TGR5 agonist or TGR5 antagonist, which is     characterized in that the cell stimulating activity via TGR5 in     cells containing TGR5 are determined in the presence or absence of a     test compound and compared, -   (5) a screening method of TGR5 agonist or TGR5 antagonist, which is     characterized in that the cell stimulating activity via TGR5     expressed on a cell membrane by culture of a transformant containing     TGR5 DNA are determined in the presence or absence of a test     compound and compared, -   (6) a screening method of TGR5 agonist or TGR5 antagonist, which is     characterized in that the cell stimulating activity via TGR5 in the     cases of when a compound of the present invention is brought into     contact with a cell containing TGR5-and when a compound of the     present invention and a test compound are brought into contact with     a cell containing TGR5 are determined and compared, and -   (7) a screening method of TGR5 agonist or TGR5 antagonist, which is     characterized in that the cell stimulating activity via TGR5 in the     cases of when a compound of the present invention is brought into     contact with TGR5 expressed on a cell membrane by culture of a     transformant containing TGR5 DNA and when a compound of the present     invention and a test compound are brought into contact with TGR5     expressed on a cell membrane by culture of a transformant containing     TGR5 DNA are determined and compared.

TGR5 or cells expressing TGR5 can be prepared using the above-mentioned method.

As the cell stimulating activities, for example, (1) intracellular cAMP production, (2) phosphorylation of intracellular protein (e.g., MAP kinase and the like), (3) extracellular pH reduction, (4) activation of low molecular weight G proteins such as Rho, Rac, Ras and the like, (5) activation of reporter gene (e.g., luciferase and the like) placed downstream of transcription element CRE (cAMP responsive element), AP1, NFAT, SRE (serum responsive element) and the like, (6) intracellular calcium ion mobilization, (7) intracellular cGMP production, (8) inositol phosphate production and the like can be mentioned.

As the test compound, for example, peptide, protein, non-peptidic compound, synthetic compound, fermentation product, cell extract, plant extract, animal tissue extract and the like are used and these compounds may be novel compounds or known compounds.

In the screening method of the present invention, when cells containing TGR5 are used, the cells may be fixed with glutaraldehyde, formalin, etc. The cells can be fixed by a known method.

The cells containing TGR5 are host cells that express the TGR5 (including cell endogenously expressing TGR5). For the host cells, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, yeast, insect cells, animal cells and the like are preferred.

The membrane fraction is a fraction containing the abundant cell membrane obtained after disruption of the above-mentioned cells containing TGR5 by a known method. The cell disruption methods include crushing the cells using a Potter-Elvehjem homogenizer, disruption using a Waring blender or polytron (Kinematica Co.), disruption by ultrasonication, and disruption by passing the cells through a narrow nozzle with compressing the cells using a French Press and the like. For the cell membrane fractionation, fractionation method based on centrifugal force such as centrifugation for fractionation and density gradient centrifugation are mainly used. For example, disrupted cell suspension is centrifuged at a low speed (500 to 3,000 rpm) for a short time (usually about 1 to 10 min), the supernatant is then centrifuged at a high speed (15,000 to 30,000 rpm) for usually 30 min to 2 hrs, and the obtained precipitate is used as the membrane fraction. The membrane fraction contains many membrane components such as the expressed TGR5, and phospholipids and membrane proteins derived from the cells.

The amount of receptor protein in the cells and membrane fractions containing TGR5 is preferably 10³ to 10⁸ molecules and suitably 10⁵ to 10⁷ molecules per cell. A higher expression amount enhances ligand binding activity (specific activity) per membrane fraction, which makes not only construction of a highly sensitive screening system but also assay of a large amount of specimen in a single lot possible.

To perform the above-mentioned screening methods (1) to (3), for example, a suitable TGR5-containing fraction and a labeled compound of the present invention are necessary.

As the TGR5-containing fraction, a TGR5 protein (peptide) preparation (when the assay system is a heterogeneous type requiring solid liquid (BF) separation, the preparation is desirably immobilized on a suitable solid phase such as a microplate, glass beads, magnetic particles and the like) isolated from TGR5 producing cells by a conventional method, or chemically synthesized or synthesized by a cell-free translation system, a TGR5-containing lipid bilayer (e.g., proteoliposome) obtained by fusing TGR5 and a suitable lipid (e.g., mixed phospholipid, cholesterol etc.) and the like can be exemplified for (1), cells endogenously expressing TGR5 or a membrane fraction thereof can be exemplified for (2), and a transformant expressing a recombinant TGR5 (including mutants, partial peptides and the like) having an activity equivalent to endogenous TGR5, or a membrane fraction thereof and the like are preferably exemplified for (2) and (3). Here, the equivalent activity means the same level of ligand binding activity, signal transduction activity and the like.

As the labeled compound of the present invention, for example, a compound of the present invention labeled with radioisotope such as [³H], [¹²⁵I], [¹⁴C], [³⁵S] or the like, fluorescence substance, enzyme or the like, or the like is used.

Concretely, to perform screening for a TGR5 agonist or antagonist, firstly, TGR5 preparation is prepared by suspending cells or a cell membrane fraction (cell-derived or reconstructed membrane) containing TGR5 or a TGR5-immobilized solid phase into a buffer appropriate for the screening. As the buffer, any buffer that does not inhibit the binding of the compound of the present invention to TGR5 such as phosphate buffer and Tris-hydrochloride buffer and the like having pH 4 to 10 (preferably pH 6 to 8) can be used. To reduce non-specific binding, a surfactant such as CHAPS, Tween-80™ (Kao-Atras Co.), digitonin, deoxycholate and the like may be added to the buffer. Further, to inhibit degradation of TGR5 and the test compound (peptidic compound) by proteases, protease inhibitors such as PMSF, leupeptin, E-64 (Peptide Research Laboratory, CO.), and pepstatin may be added. To 0.01 to 10 ml of TGR5 suspension, a specified amount (e.g., 5,000 to 500,000 cpm in the case of RI labeling) of labeled compound of the present invention is added so that 10⁻⁴ M to 10⁻¹⁰ M of the test compound can exist simultaneously. To examine the amount of non-specific binding (NSB), reaction tubes containing a highly excessive amount of non-labeled compound of the present invention are also prepared. The reaction is performed at about 0° C. to 50° C., preferably about 4° C. to 37° C., for about 20 min to 24 hrs, preferably for about 30 min to 3 hrs. After the reaction, the reaction solution is filtered through a glass fiber filter and the like and the filter was washed with an appropriate amount of the buffer. The amount of labeling (e.g., radioactivity in the case of RI labeling, using a liquid scintillation counter or γ-counter) remaining on the glass fiber filter is measured. A test compound showing a specific binding amount (B-NSB) of, for example, not more than 50%, wherein a count (B₀-NSB) obtained by subtracting a non-specific binding amount (NSB) from a count (B₀) free of antagonistic substance is taken as 100%, can be selected as a candidate substance having an antagonistic inhibitory ability (agonist or antagonist).

When a binding between TGR5 and the compound of the present invention is measured using, for example, a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) method and the like, the compound of the present invention does not need to be labeled.

To perform the above-mentioned screening methods of TGR5 agonist or TGR5 antagonist (4) to (7), TGR5 mediated cell stimulating activity can be measured using a known method or commercial assay-kits.

Concretely, first, cells containing TGR5 are cultured in multiwell plates and the like. Before screening, the medium is exchanged to fresh medium or an appropriate buffer that exhibits no toxicity for the cells. After incubation of the cells by adding a test compound and the like for a specified time, the cells are extracted or the supernatant is collected, and the product is quantified according to the corresponding method. When detection of the production of a substance (e.g., transcription or translated product under the control of CAMP, CRE and the like) to be used as an index of cell stimulating activity is difficult due to catabolic enzymes contained in the cell, an inhibitor of the catabolic enzymes may be added before assay. As regards the activity of CAMP production inhibition and the like, it can be detected as a production inhibitory action on the cell made to show increased basic production amount with forskolin and the like.

For example, of the test compounds selected by the above-mentioned screening methods (1) to (3) (which antagonized the compound of the present invention with regard to the binding with TGR5), a test compound that increases the above-mentioned cell stimulating activity by not less than about 10%, preferably not less than about 20%, more preferably not less than about 50%, as compared to the absence of a test compound in the above-mentioned screening methods (4) to (5), can be selected as a TGR5 agonist.

On the other hand, of the test compounds selected by the above-mentioned screening methods (1) to (3), a test compound that does not increase (does not change or decreases) the above-mentioned cell stimulating activity as compared to the absence of a test compound in the above-mentioned screening methods (4) to (5), can be selected as a TGR5 antagonist.

In addition, a test compound that decreases the above-mentioned cell stimulating activity by about 10%, preferably not less than about 20%, more preferably not less than about 50%, as compared to the absence of a test compound in the above-mentioned screening methods (6) to (7), can be selected as a TGR5 antagonist. On the other hand, in the above-mentioned screening methods (6) to (7), when a partial agonist having a relatively low TGR5 agonistic activity is used as the compound of the present invention, a test compound capable of increasing the above-mentioned cell stimulating activity as compared to the absence of a test compound can be also selected as a full agonist having high TGR5 agonistic activity.

The screening kit for TGR5 agonist or TGR5 antagonist of present invention comprises TGR5, a cell containing TGR5 or a membrane fraction of a cell containing TGR5 and the compound of the present invention and the like.

The screening kit and use thereof of the present invention are exemplified by, but not limited to, the following examples.

1. Reagents for Screening

(1) Buffers for Measurement and Washing

Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution (Gibco Co.) supplemented with 0.05% bovine serum albumin (Sigma Co.). The solution is sterilized by filtration through a 0.45 μm filter, and stored at 4° C. or may be prepared at use.

(2) Standard TGR5

CHO cells expressing TGR5 are passed in 12-well plates at a density of 5×10⁵ cells/well and cultured at 37° C. under 5% CO₂ and 95% air for two days.

(3) Labeled Compound of the Present Invention (Hereinafter to be Abbreviated as labeled Compound)

The compound of the present invention labeled with commercial [³H], [¹²⁵I], [¹⁴C], [³⁵S] or the like. The compound in the form of aqueous solution is stored at 4° C. or −20° C., and the solution is diluted to 1 μM with measurement buffer at use.

(4) Standard Solution of the Compound of the Present Invention (Hereinafter to be Abbreviated as Non-Labeled Compound Standard Solution)

The compound of the present invention is dissolved in PBS containing 0.1% bovine serum albumin (manufactured by SIGMA) to 1 mM and preserved at −20° C.

2. Measurement Methods

-   (1) CHO cells expressing TGR5 are cultured in a 12-well tissue     culture plate and washed twice with 1 ml of measurement buffer, and     490 μl of the measurement buffer is added to each well. -   (2) A solution of a test compound (5 μl) at 10⁻³ to 10⁻¹⁰ M is     added, 5 μl of labeled test compound is added, and the cell are     reacted at room temperature for one hr. To measure the non-specific     binding, 5 μl of the non-labeled compound standard solution (10⁻³ M)     is added in place of the test compound. -   (3) The reaction solution is removed, and the wells are washed three     times with 1 ml of washing buffer. The labeled compound bound to the     cells is dissolved with 0.2N NaOH-1% SDS, and mixed with 4 ml of     liquid scintillator A (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) -   (4) The radioactivity is measured using a liquid scintillation     counter (Beckman Co.), and Percent Maximum Binding (PMB) is     determined by the following formula:

PMB=[(B-NSB)/(B₀-NSB)]×100

PMB: Percent Maximum Binding

B: value with addition of sample

NSB: Non-specific Binding (amount of non-specific binding)

B₀: maximum binding amount

The screening method of the present invention is characterized by screening for a TGR5 agonist or TGR5 antagonist using, TGR5 and the compound of the present invention, as a surrogate ligand. Use of such synthetic ligand is advantageous as compared to screening using an endogenous ligand, which is a naturally occurring substance, in that labeling of the ligand is easy and, binding activity to TGR5 is stronger than by an endogenous ligand, and the screening can be performed efficiently with a small amount of a ligand.

The compound obtained by the screening method or screening kit of the present invention, and a salt thereof are TGR5 agonists or TGR5 antagonists.

Since TGR5 agonist has an action similar to the physiological activity (ligand activity) that a cholesterol metabolism-related substance to TGR5 has, it is useful as a safe and low less pharmaceutical agent according to the cholesterol metabolism-related substance-like activity, such as a regulator (promoter) of physiological function in which TGR5 is involved, an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of pathology or disease in which TGR5 is involved, and the like.

Since TGR5 antagonist can inhibit the physiological activity (ligand activity) to TGR5 that the cholesterol metabolism-related substance has, it is useful as a safe and less toxic pharmaceutical agent such as a regulator (suppressant) of physiological function in which TGR5 is involved, an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of pathology or disease in which TGR5 is involved, and the like, based on the inhibitory activity.

Since a compound that potentiates the binding avidity between cholesterol metabolism-related substance and TGR5 can enhance the physiological activity (ligand activity) to TGR5 that the cholesterol metabolism-related substance has, it is useful as a safe and less toxic pharmaceutical agent such as a regulator (promoter) of physiological function in which TGR5 is involved, an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of pathology or disease in which TGR5 is involved, and the like, based on the enhancing activity.

Since a compound that decreases the binding avidity between the cholesterol metabolism-related substance and TGR5 can decrease the physiological activity (ligand activity) to TGR5 that the cholesterol metabolism-related substance has, it is useful as a safe and less toxic pharmaceutical agent such as a regulator (suppressant) of physiological function in which TGR5 is involved, an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of pathology or disease in which TGR5 is involved, and the like, based on the decreasing activity.

Here, as the physiological function of a “regulator of physiological function in which TGR5 is involved”, cytokine production, immune reaction, GLP (glucagon-like peptide)-l secretion, insulin secretion, appetite, pancreatic regeneration, pancreatic β cell differentiation, pancreatic β cell growth, insulin resistance and the like can be mentioned. As the regulator (promoter or suppressant) of the physiological function, for example, cytokine production regulator (promoter or suppressant), immunoregulator (promoter or suppressant), GLP-1 secretion promoter, insulin secretagogue, anorectic agent, pancreatic regenerator, pancreatic β cell differentiation promoter, pancreatic β cell growth promoter, insulin sensitizer and the like can be mentioned.

In addition, as the “pathology or disease in which TGR5 is involved”, for example, cardiac failure, cardiac infarction, acute kidney failure, angina pectoris, arrhythmia, bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, arteriosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes (including type I diabetes, type II diabetes, gestational diabetes), obesity, insulin hyposecretion, pancreatic fatigue, gastric ulcer, ulcerative colitis, allergy, osteoarthritis, erythematosus, excessive immune reaction after transplantation, infectious disease and the like can be mentioned.

Furthermore, as the “pathology or disease in which TGR5 is involved”, for example, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, eating disorder, hypertension, hypotension, cardiac hypertrophy, nonsmall cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, stomach cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, pneumonia, bronchitis, lung fibrosis, Crohn's disease, atopic dermatitis, immune deficiency, leukemia, liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, liver failure, cholestasis, calculus, gastrointestinal ulcer, enteritis, obesity, pain and the like can be mentioned.

Of these diseases, TGR5 agonist is particularly effective for the prophylaxis or treatment of diseases caused by promotion of immune function, macrophage function and the like (e.g., inflammatory disease, excessive immune reaction after transplantation and the like).

On the other hand, TGR5 antagonist is particularly effective for the prophylaxis or treatment of diseases caused by suppression of immune function, macrophage function and the like (e.g., immunodeficiency, infectious disease and the like).

When the TGR5 agonist or TGR5 antagonist obtained using the screening method or screening kit of the present invention is used as the above-mentioned pharmaceutical agent, they can be used as they are or by admixing with a pharmacologically acceptable carrier and the like to give a pharmaceutical composition.

Here, various organic or inorganic carriers conventionally used as materials for pharmaceutical preparations are used as a pharmacologically acceptable carrier, which are added as excipient, lubricant, binder, disintegrant for solid preparations; and solvent, dissolution aids, suspending agent, isotonicity agent, buffer, soothing agent and the like for liquid preparations. Where necessary, additives for pharmaceutical preparations such as preservative, antioxidant, coloring agent, sweetening agent and the like can be used. Specifically, as these carrier substances and additives for pharmaceutical preparations, those similar to the above-mentioned TGR5 receptor agonist containing the compound of the present invention are preferably shown.

The above-mentioned pharmaceutical composition can be produced according to a method conventionally used in the field of pharmaceutical preparation, such as the method described in Japan Pharmacopoeia (e.g., 13th Ed.) and the like. The content of the TGR5 agonist or TGR5 antagonist in the pharmaceutical composition is for example, about 0.1-100 wt % of the whole composition.

The dosage form of the aforementioned pharmaceutical composition is, for example, an oral agent such as tablets (inclusive of sublingual tablets and orally disintegrable tablets), capsules (inclusive of soft capsules and micro capsules), powders, granules, troches, syrups and the like; or a parenteral agent such as injections (e.g., subcutaneous injections, intravenous injections, intramuscular injections, intraperitoneal injections, drip infusions etc.), external agents (e.g., transdermal preparations, ointments etc.), suppositories (e.g., rectal suppositories, vaginal suppositories etc.), pellets, nasal preparations, pulmonary preparations (inhalations), ophthalmic preparations and the like. These agents may be controlled-release preparations such as rapid-release preparations and sustained-release preparations (e.g., sustained-release microcapsules).

Since the preparation obtained in this way is safe and low in toxicity, it can be administered to, for example, human and other mammals (e.g., rat, mouse, guinea pig, rabbit, sheep, pig, bovine, cat, dog, monkey etc.).

While the dose of the TGR5 agonist-containing preparation varies depending on the administration subject, administration route, disease and the like, for example, when the preparation is orally administered as an immunosuppressant to an adult (about 60 kg), it is about 0.1 to 100 mg, preferably about 1.0 to 50 mg, more preferably about 1.0 to 20 mg, based on TGR5 agonist, which is the active ingredient, per day. The dose may be given at once or in several portions. When the preparation is parenterally (e.g., intravenous injection) administered as an immunosuppressant to an adult (about 60 kg), the dose is about 0.01 to 30 mg, preferably about 0.1 to 20 mg, more preferably about 0.1 to 10 mg, based on TGR5 agonist, which is the active ingredient, per day. The dose may be given at once or in several portions. The amount calculated for 60 kg can be administered to other animals.

While the dose of the TGR5 antagonist-containing preparation varies depending on the administration subject, administration route, disease and the like, for example, when the preparation is orally administered to an adult (body weight about 60 kg) as an adjuvant, the daily dose is about 0.1 to about 100 mg, preferably about 1.0 to 50 mg, more preferably about 1.0 to 20 mg, based on the TGR5 antagonist, which is an active ingredient. The dose may be given at once or in several portions. In addition, when the preparation is parentearlly (e.g., intravenous injection) administered to an adult (body weight about 60 kg) as an adjuvant, the daily dose is about 0.01 to 30 mg, preferably about 0.1 to 20 mg, more preferably about 0.1 to 10 mg, based on the TGR5 antagonist, which is an active ingredient. The dose may be given at once or in several portions. The amount calculated for 60 kg can be administered to other animals.

When bases or amino acids are expressed in abbreviations in the present specification, the following abbreviations in accordance with IUPAC-IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature or based on customary abbreviations in this field are used. If amino acids can occur as optical isomers, L-isomers are referred to unless otherwise specified.

DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid

cDNA: complementary deoxyribonucleic acid

A: adenine

T: thymine

G: guanine

C: cytosine

RNA: ribonucleic acid

mRNA: messenger ribonucleic acid

dATP: deoxyadenosine triphosphate

dTTP: deoxythymidine triphosphate

dGTP: deoxyguanosine triphosphate

dCTP: deoxycytidine triphosphate

ATP: adenosine triphosphate

EDTA: ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid

SDS: sodium dodecyl sulfate

Gly: glycine

Ala: alanine

Val: valine

Leu: leucine

Ile: isoleucine

Ser: serine

Thr: threonine

Cys: cysteine

Met: methionine

Glu: glutamic acid

Asp: aspartic acid

Lys: lysine

Arg: arginine

His: histidine

Phe: phenylalanine

Tyr: tyrosine

Trp: tryptophan

Pro: proline

Asn: asparagine

Gln: glutamine

pGlu: pyroglutamic acid

The substituent groups, protecting groups and reagents appearing frequently in the present specification are expressed in the following symbols.

Me: methyl group

Et: ethyl group

Bu: butyl group

Ph: phenyl group

CHO: formyl

Bzl: benzyl

Z: benzyloxycarbonyl

Boc: t-butoxycarbonyl

Tr: trityl

Fmoc: N-9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl

HOBt: 1-hydroxybenztriazole

HOOBt: 3,4-dihydro-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazine

HONB: 1-hydroxy-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxyimide

DCC: N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide

Other abbreviations used in the present specification mean the following.

s: singlet

d: doublet

t: triplet

q: quartet

dd: double doublet

ddd: double double doublet

dt: double triplet

br: broad

brs: broad singlet

J: coupling constant

Hz: Hertz

CDCl₃: deuterated chloroform

DMSO-d₆: deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide

¹H NMR: proton nuclear magnetic resonance

The sequence numbers in the Sequence Listing in the present specification show the following sequences.

SEQ ID NO:1 shows the nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding TGR5 derived from human.

SEQ ID NO:2 shows the amino acid sequence of TGR5 derived from human.

SEQ ID NO:3 shows the nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding TGR5 derived from mouse heart.

SEQ ID NO:4 shows the amino acid sequence of TGR5 derived from mouse heart.

SEQ ID NO:5 shows the nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding TGR5 derived from rat heart.

SEQ ID NO:6 shows the amino acid sequence of TGR5 derived from rat heart.

SEQ ID NO:7 shows the nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding TGR5 derived from bovine.

SEQ ID NO:8 shows the amino acid sequence of TGR5 derived from bovine.

SEQ ID NO:9 shows the nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding TGR5 derived from rabbit.

SEQ ID NO:10 shows the amino acid sequence of TGR5 derived from rabbit.

SEQ ID NO:11 shows the nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding TGR5 derived from guinea pig.

SEQ ID NO:12 shows the amino acid sequence of TGR5 derived from guinea pig.

SEQ ID NO:13 shows the nucleotide sequence of primer using guinea pig spleen cDNA as a template.

SEQ ID NO:14 shows the nucleotide sequence of primer 2 using guinea pig spleen cDNA as a template.

The present invention is explained in detail by referring to the following Reference Examples, Examples, Formulation Examples and Experimental Examples, which are not to be construed as limitative and may be changed without departing from the scope of the present invention.

In the following, the yield is in mol/mol %, and other % means % by weight unless otherwise specified. In addition, room temperature means 1 to 30° C.

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 1 2-[3,5-trans-5-(3-aminophenyl)-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide

The title compound was synthesized according to the method described in Example 80 of JP-A-11-209356.

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 2 2-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-5-[3-([1,3]dioxolan-2-yl)phenyl]-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide

The title compound was synthesized according to the method described in Example 41(6) of JP-A-11-209356.

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 3 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide

The title compound was synthesized according to the method described in Example 112 of JP-A-11-209356.

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 4 2-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-5-[3-(methanesulfonylaminomethyl)phenyl]-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide

The title compound was synthesized according to the method described in Example 113 of JP-A-11-209356.

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 5 N-[3-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-3-[2-[(2-fluorobenzyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-5-yl]benzyl]-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide

The title compound was synthesized according to the method described in Example 114 of JP-A-11-209356.

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 6 methyl [3-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-3-[2-[(2-fluorobenzyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-5-yl]benzyl]carbamate

The title compound was synthesized according to the method described in Example 115 of JP-A-11-209356.

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 7 2-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-5-[3-[[[(methylamino)carbonyl]amino]methyl]phenyl]-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide

The title compound was synthesized according to the method described in Example 116 of JP-A-11-209356.

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 8 2-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-5-(3-formylphenyl)-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide

The title compound was synthesized according to the method described in Example 41(7) of JP-A-11-209356.

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 9 2-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-5-[3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide

The compound (0.1 g) obtained in Reference Example 8 was dissolved in methanol (1 ml), sodium borohydride (11 mg) was added under ice-cooling, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated, and water and ethyl acetate were added to the residue. The separated organic layer was washed with water and brine, and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was purified by column chromatography (developing solvent: hexane-ethyl acetate (1:1)] to give the title compound (76 mg) as a colorless amorphous solid.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.92 (9H, s), 2.69 (1H, dd, J=6.2, 14.4 Hz), 2.88 (1H, dd, J=7.4, 14.4 Hz), 3.35 (1H, d, J=13.6 Hz), 4.39-4.59 (4H, m), 4.73 (2H, s), 6.00 (1H, s), 6.30 (1H, br), 6.58 (1H, d, J=2.2 Hz), 6.98-7.39 (10H, m).

EXAMPLE 1 N-[3-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-3-[2-[(2-fluorobenzyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-5-yl]benzyl]propanamide

To a solution of 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(aminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide hydrochloride (0.24 g) obtained in Example 6 of JP-A-11-209356 in pyridine (5 ml) were added propionic anhydride (0.12 g) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.02 g), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 hrs. After evaporation of the solvent, ethyl acetate was added and the mixture was washed with water and dried over anhydrous MgSO₄. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography, and recrystallized from diisopropyl ether-ethyl acetate to give the title compound (181 mg) as colorless crystals having a melting point of 164-165° C.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.91 (9H, s), 1.18 (3H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 2.26 (2H, q, J=7.6 Hz), 2.69 (1H, dd, J=5.7, 14.3 Hz), 2.88 (1H, dd, J=7.1, 14.3 Hz), 3.35 (1H, d, J=13.8 Hz), 4.37-4.51 (6H, m), 5.75 (1H, m), 5.98 (1H, s), 6.29 (1H, m), 6.57 (1H, d, J=2.2 Hz), 6.98-7.07 (2H, m), 7.19-7.40 (8H, m).

EXAMPLE 2 N-[3-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-3-[2-[(2-fluorobenzyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-5-yl]benzyl]butanamide

To a solution of 3,5-trans-5-[3-(aminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepine-3-acetamide hydrochloride (0.25 g) obtained in Example 6 of JP-A-11-209356 in pyridine (5 ml) were added butyric anhydride (0.15 g) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.03 g), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hrs. After evaporation of the solvent, ethyl acetate was added and the mixture was washed with water and dried over anhydrous MgSO₄. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound (174 mg) as a colorless amorphous solid.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.91 (9H, s), 0.93 (3H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 1.69 (2H, m), 2.20 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 2.68 (1H, dd, J=5.7, 14.4 Hz), 2.88 (1H, dd, J=7.2, 14.4 Hz), 3.35 (1H, d, J=13.8 Hz), 4.37-4.56 (6H, m), 5.78 (1H, m), 5.97 (1H, s), 6.33 (1H, m), 6.55 (1H, d, J=2.1 Hz), 6.98-7.07 (2H, m), 7.20-7.40 (8H, m).

EXAMPLE 3 ethyl [3-(3,5-trans-7-chloro-3-[2-[(2-fluorobenzyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-5-yl]benzyl]carbamate

To a solution of 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(aminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide hydrochloride (0.25 g) obtained in Example 6 of JP-A-11-209356 in tetrahydrofuran (10 ml) were added ethyl chlorocarbonate (0.09 g) and triethylamine (0.13 g), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs. After evaporation of the solvent, ethyl acetate was added and the mixture was washed with water and dried over anhydrous MgSO₄. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound (178 mg) as a colorless amorphous solid.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.90 (9H, s), 1.23 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 2.69 (1H, dd, J=5.8, 14.4 Hz), 2.88 (1H, dd, J=7.1, 14.4 Hz), 3.34 (1H, d, J=13.8 Hz), 4.13 (2H, q, J=7.1 Hz), 4.35-4.55 (6H, m), 5.11 (1H, m), 5.97 (1H, s), 6.48 (1H, m), 6.56 (1H, d, J=1.8 Hz), 7.00-7.05 (2H, m), 7.18-7.37 (8H, m).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 10 ethyl 3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepine-3-acetate

To a solution of ethyl 3,5-trans-5-(3-(tert-butoxy carbonylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepine-3-acetate (1.4 g) obtained in Example 6-(1) of JP-A-11-209356 in ethyl acetate (15 ml) was added a 4N solution (15 ml) of hydrogen chloride in ethyl acetate, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hrs. The solvent was evaporated to give ethyl 3,5-trans-5-[3-(aminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepine-3-acetate hydrochloride (1.2 g) as a colorless amorphous solid. To a solution of this compound (0.40 g) in pyridine (3 ml) were added acetic anhydride (0.13 g) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.05 g), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs. After evaporation of the solvent, ethyl acetate was added and the mixture was washed with water and dried over anhydrous MgSO₄. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography and recrystallized from ethyl acetate to give the title compound (340 mg) as colorless crystals having a melting point of 172-173° C.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.92 (9H, s), 1.24 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 2.04 (3H, s), 2.77 (1H, dd, J=5.8, 16.5 Hz), 3.04 (1H, dd, J=7.7, 16.5 Hz), 3.37 (1H, d, J=13.9 Hz), 4.10 (2H, m), 4.40 (1H, dd, J=5.8, 7.7 Hz), 4.47-4.52 (3H, m), 5.79 (1H, m), 6.00 (1H, s), 6.57 (1H, d, J=2.1 Hz), 7.22-7.43 (6H, m).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 11 3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepine-3-acetic acid

The compound (0.56 g) obtained in Reference Example was dissolved in a mixed solvent of ethanol (5 ml) and tetrahydrofuran (5 ml), 1N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (1.6 ml) was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs. After evaporation of the solvent, the residue was neutralized with aqueous potassium hydrogensulfate solution and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with water and dried over anhydrous MgSO₄. The solvent was evaporated to give the title compound (484 mg) as a colorless amorphous solid.

1H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 0.86 (9H, s), 1.86 (3H, s), 2.63 (1H, dd, J=5.8, 16.5 Hz), 2.81 (1H, dd, J=7.5, 16.5 Hz), 3.62 (1H, d, J=13.5 Hz), 4.21-4.30 (4H, m), 5.85 (1H, s), 6.42 (1H, d, J=2.2 Hz), 7.20-7.22 (2H, m), 7.31 (1H, d, J=7.4 Hz), 7.44 (1H, m), 7.56 (1H, m), 7.78 (1H, .d, J=8.8 Hz), 8.38 (1H, m), 12.28 (1H, br).

EXAMPLE 4 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-phenylacetamide

To a solution of 3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepine-3-acetic acid (0.30 g) obtained in Reference Example 11 in dimethylformamide (5 ml) were added aniline (0.08 g), 1-hydroxy-1H-benzotriazole (0.10 g) and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (0.16 g), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hrs. Ethyl acetate was added, and the mixture was washed with water and dried over anhydrous MgSO₄. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography and recrystallized from chloroform to give the title compound (0.28 g) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.94 (9H, s), 2.01 (3H, s), 2.84 (1H, dd, J=5.9, 13.9 Hz), 3.00 (1H, dd, J=7.3, 13.9 Hz), 3.36 (1H, d, J=13.9 Hz), 4.40-4.55 (4H, m), 5.66 (1H, brs), 6.03 (1H, s), 6.57 (1H, d, J=2.2 Hz), 7.05-7.55 (11H, m), 7.82 (1H, s)

Elemental analysis for C₃₁H₃₄N₃O₄Cl.0.5H₂O Calculated C, 66.84; H, 6.33; N, 7.54. Found C, 66.58; H, 6.11; N, 7.46.

In the same manner as in Example 4, 3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepine-3-acetic acid and various amine were condensed to give the compounds of the following Examples 5 to 12.

EXAMPLE 5 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-benzylacetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.91 (9H, s), 2.03 (3H, s), 2.71 (1H, dd, J=5.8, 14.3 Hz), 2.88 (1H, dd, J=7.2, 14.3 Hz), 3.35 (1H, d, J=13.9 Hz), 4.34 (1H, dd, J=5.4, 15.0 Hz), 4.40-4.60 (5H, m), 5.75 (1H, brs), 5.99 (1H, s), 6.23 (1H, brs), 6.57 (1H, d, J=2.2 Hz), 7.15-7.45 (11H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₃₂H₃₆N₃O₄Cl.0.5H₂O Calculated C, 67.30; H, 6.53; N, 7.36. Found C, 67.01; H, 6.39; N, 7.27.

EXAMPLE 6 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-propylacetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.85-0.92 (12H, m), 1.50 (2H, m), 2.04 (3H, s), 2.62 (1H, dd, J=5.7, 14.2 Hz), 2.82 (1H, dd, J=7.5, 14.2 Hz), 3.18 (2H, m), 3.35 (1H, d, J=13.9 Hz), 4.35-4.50 (4H, m), 5.75-5.90 (2H, m), 5.98 (1H, s), 6.56 (1H, s), 7.20-7.45 (6H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₂₈H₃₆N₃O₄Cl Calculated C, 65.42; H, 7.06; N, 8.17. Found C, 65.12; H, 7.11; N, 8.18.

EXAMPLE 7 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-benzyl-N-methylacetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.93 (3.5H, s), 0.94 (5.5H, s), 2.02 (1.2H, s), 2.04 (1.8H, s), 2.78 (1H, dd, J=5.0, 15.8 Hz), 2.89 (1.2H, s), 2.97 (1.8H, s), 3.23 (1H, dd, J=8.3, 16.0 Hz), 3.39 (1H, d, J=13.9 Hz), 4.30-4.79 (6H, m), 5.72 (1H, brs), 5.99 (0.4H, s), 6.02 (0.6H, s), 6.58 (1H, s), 7.10-7.43 (11H, m)

Elemental analysis for C₃₃H₃₈N₃O₄Cl.0.5AcOEt Calculated C, 68.36; H, 6.98; N, 6.93. Found C, 68.31; H, 6.84; N, 7.20.

EXAMPLE 8 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-pyridylmethyl)acetamide

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 0.85 (9H, s), 1.85 (3H, s), 2.63 (1H, dd, J=6.7, 15.1 Hz), 2.74 (1H, dd, J=6.6, 15.1 Hz), 3.59 (1H, d, J=13.9 Hz), 4.25-4.35 (6H, m), 5.85 (1H, s), 6.40 (1H, d, J=2.3 Hz), 7.15-7.80 (9H, m), 8.35-8.60 (3H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₃₁H₃₅N₄O₄Cl Calculated C, 66.12; H, 6.27; N, 9.95. Found C, 65.87; H, 6.34; N, 10.16.

EXAMPLE 9 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(cyclohexylmethyl)acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.80-1.80 (11H, m), 0.92 (9H, s), 2.05 (3H, s), 2.63 (1H, dd, J=5.5, 14.1 Hz), 2.86 (1H, dd, J=5.8, 14.1 Hz), 3.00-3.10 (2H, m), 3.35 (1H, d, J=13.9 Hz), 4.35-4.50 (4H, m), 5.79 (1H, brs), 5.95 (1H, m), 5.98 (1H, s), 6.57 (1H, d, J=2.1 Hz), 7.25-7.45 (6H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₃₂H₄₂N₃O₄Cl.0.5AcOEt Calculated C, 67.26; H, 7.75; N, 7.02. Found C, 67.39; H, 7.49; N, 6.89.

EXAMPLE 10 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-phenylethyl)acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.92 (9H, s), 2.03 (3H, s), 2.60 (1H, dd, J=5.9, 14.3 Hz), 2.75-2.85 (3H, m), 3.34 (1H, d, J=14.0 Hz), 3.35-3.60 (2H, m), 4.35-4.50 (4H, m), 5.74 (1H, brs), 5.86 (1H, m), 5.97 (1H, s), 6.57 (1H, d, J=2.0 Hz), 7.15-7.45 (11H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₃₃H₃₈N₃O₄Cl.0.25H₂O Calculated C, 68.26; H, 6.68; N, 7.24. Found C, 68.18; H, 6.76; N, 7.35.

EXAMPLE 11 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.93 (9H, s), 1.66 (6H, d, J=5.0 Hz), 2.02 (3H, s), 2.67 (1H, dd, J=5.7, 14.5 Hz), 2.83 (1H, dd, J=7.0, 14.5 Hz), 3.35 (1H, d, J=13.8 Hz), 4.36-4.53 (4H, m), 5.72 (1H, brs), 6.00 (1H, s), 6.19 (1H, s), 6.55 (1H, d, J=2.1 Hz), 7.14-7.65 (11H, m).

EXAMPLE 12 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-[4-(methylsulfonyl)benzyl]acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.85 (9H, s), 1.84 (3H, s), 2.63 (1H, dd, J=6.8, 15.2 Hz), 2.72 (1H, dd, J=6.8, 15.1 Hz), 3.17 (3H, s), 3.59 (1H, d, J=14.0 Hz), 4.24-4.35 (6H, m), 5.84 (1H, s), 6.40 (1H, d, J=2.1 Hz), 7.15-7.85 (10H, m), 8.36 (1H, t, J=5.9 Hz), 8.59 (1H, t, J=5.9 Hz).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 12 Ethyl 3,5-trans-7-chloro-5-[3-(methoxycarbonylaminomethyl)phenyl]-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepine-3-acetate

Under ice-cooling, to a solution of ethyl 3,5-trans-5-[3-(aminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepine-3-acetate hydrochloride (6.74 g) obtained in Reference-Example 10 in tetrahydrofuran (150 ml) was added triethylamine (4.14 g). After stirring at the same temperature for 10 min., a solution (20 ml) of methyl chlorocarbonate (2.57 g) in tetrahydrofuran was added dropwise. After the completion of the dropwise addition, the reaction system was stirred for 8 hrs while allowing to warm gradually to room temperature. Saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution was added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate and dried over anhydrous MgSO₄. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound (5.04 g) as colorless crystals.

1H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.92 (9H, s), 1.24 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 2.77 (1H, dd, J=5.8, 16.5 Hz), 3.04 (1H, dd, J=7.8, 16.5 Hz), 3.36 (1H, d, J=13.9 Hz), 3.71 (3H, s), 4.07-4.18 (2H, m), 4.35-4.45 (3H, m), 4.50 (1H, d, J=13.9 Hz), 5.02 (1H, brs), 6.00 (1H, s), 6.58 (1H, d, J=1.8 Hz), 7.21-7.44 (6H, m).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 13 3,5-trans-7-chloro-5-[3-(methoxycarbonylaminomethyl)phenyl)-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepine-3-acetic acid

The compound (1.62 g) obtained in Reference Example 12 was dissolved in a mixed solvent of methanol (20 ml) and tetrahydrofuran (20 ml), and 1N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (3.5 ml) was added thereto. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and concentrated. The residue was neutralized with aqueous potassium hydrogensulfate solution and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with water, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated to give the title compound (1.08 g) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.92 (9H, s), 2.80-3.04 (2H, m), 3.36 (1H, d, J=13.9 Hz), 3.72 (3H, s), 4.35-4.48 (3H, m), 4.52 (1H, d, J=13.9 Hz), 5.15 (1H, brs), 6.02 (1H, s), 6.56 (1H, s), 7.05-7.50 (7H, m).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 14 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(aminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-isobutyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide hydrochloride

(1) To a solution of tert-butyl [3-[(2-amino-5-chlorophenyl)(hydroxy)methyl]benzyl]carbamate (3.0 g) obtained by a method described in Example 1 of JP-A-11-209356, and acetic acid (1 ml) in methanol (80 ml) was added isobutylaldehyde (0.72 g), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr. Sodium cyanotrihydroborate (1.6 g) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hrs. The solvent was evaporated, water was added to the residue and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with water and dried over anhydrous MgSO₄. The solvent was evaporated to give tert-butyl [3-[[5-chloro-2-(isobutylamino)phenyl](hydroxy)methyl]benzyl]carbamate (3.4 g) as a colorless amorphous solid.

(2) To a mixture of the compound (3.4 g) obtained in the aforementioned (1) and sodium hydrogencarbonate (2.2 g) in ethyl acetate (120 ml) and water (20 ml) was added a solution of ethyl (E)-4-chloro-4-oxo-2-butenoate (1.7 g) in ethyl acetate (10 ml), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hrs. The organic layer was washed with water and dried over anhydrous MgSO₄. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was dissolved in ethanol (80 ml). Potassium carbonate (1.7 g) was added, and the mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 2 hrs. After evaporation of the solvent, water and ethyl acetate were-added and the mixture was extracted. The organic layer was washed with water and dried over anhydrous MgSO₄. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give ethyl [3,5-trans-5-[3-(tert-butoxy carbonylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-isobutyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]acetate (2.1 g) as a colorless amorphous solid.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.91 (3H, d, J=6.6 Hz), 0.98 (3H, d, J=6.6 Hz), 1.24 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 1.45 (9H, s), 2.06 (1H, m), 2.76 (1H, dd, J=5.6, 16.5 Hz), 3.06 (1H, dd, J=8.0, 16.5 Hz), 3.46 (1H, m), 4.12 (2H, q, J=7.1 Hz), 4.22-4.43 (4H, m), 4.86 (1H, m), 5.85 (1H, s), 6.58 (1H, d, J=2.1 Hz), 7.24-7.42 (6H, m).

(3) To a solution of the compound (1.9 g) obtained in the aforementioned (2) in a mixed solvent of ethanol (20 ml) and tetrahydrofuran (20 ml) was added 1N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (7 ml), and the mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 2 hrs. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was neutralized with aqueous KHSO₄ solution and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, washed with water and dried over anhydrous MgSO₄. After evaporation of the solvent, the residue was dissolved in dimethylformamide (30 ml), and 2-fluorobenzylamine (0.69 g), 1-hydroxy-1H-benzotriazole (0.62 g) and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (1.05 g) were added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hrs. Ethyl acetate was added and the mixture was washed with water and dried over anhydrous MgSO₄. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give tert-butyl [3-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-3-[2-[(2-fluorobenzyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-1-isobutyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-5-yl]benzyl]carbamate (1.8 g) as a colorless amorphous solid.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.90 (3H, d, J=6.6 Hz), 0.97 (3H, d, J=6.6 Hz), 1.44 (9H, s), 2.03 (1H, m), 2.68 (1H, dd, J=5.8, 14.3 Hz), 2.89 (1H, dd, J=7.2, 14.3 Hz), 3.41 (1H, dd, J=6.3, 13.7 Hz), 4.23 (1H, dd, J=7.8, 13.7 Hz), 4.31 (2H, d, J=5.5 Hz), 4.40-4.50 (3H, m), 4.84 (1H, m), 5.83 (1H, s), 6.29 (1H, m), 6.57 (1H, d, J=2.2 Hz), 7.00-7.05 (2H, m), 7.19-7.37 (8H, m).

(4) To a solution of the compound (1.6 g) obtained in the aforementioned (3) in ethyl acetate (15 ml) was added a 4N solution (15 ml) of hydrogen chloride in ethyl acetate, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was recrystallized from diisopropyl ether-ethanol to give the title compound (1.2 g) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 0.87 (3H, d, J=6.6 Hz), 0.92 (3H, d, J=6.6 Hz), 1.91 (1H, m), 2.62 (1H, dd, J=6.4, 15.2 Hz), 2.77 (1H, dd, J=7.0, 15.2 Hz), 3.61 (1H, dd, J=6.1, 13.6 Hz), 4.03-4.13 (3H, m), 4.26-4.37 (3H, m), 5.76 (1H, s), 6.44 (1H, d, J=2.4 Hz), 7.13-7.67 (10H, m), 8.40 (3H, brs), 8.51 (1H, m).

The compounds of the following Reference Examples 15 and 16 were synthesized in the same manner as in Reference Example 14.

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 15 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(aminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-2-oxo-1-propyl-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide hydrochloride

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 0.89 (3H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 1.61 (2H, m), 2.61 (1H, dd, J=6.3, 15.1 Hz), 2.77 (1H, dd, J=7.0, 15.1 Hz), 3.70 (1H, m), 4.04-4.16 (3H, m), 4.26-4.36 (3H, m), 5.71 (1H, s), 6.43 (1H, d, J=2.1 Hz), 7.10-7.19 (2H, m), 7.27-7.37 (3H, m), 7.47-7.65 (5H, m), 8.41 (3H, brs), 8.53 (1H, m).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 16 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(aminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-2-oxo-1-(2-thienylmethyl)-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide hydrochloride

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 2.65 (1H, dd, J=6.0, 15.4 Hz), 2.84 (1H, dd, J=7.4, 15.4 Hz), 4.01 (2H, m), 4.29 (2H, m), 4.39 (1H, dd, J=6.0, 7.4 Hz), 5.13 (1H, d, J=15.4 Hz), 5.45 (1H, s), 5.63 (1H, d, J=15.4 Hz), 6.38 (1H, d, J=2.2 Hz), 6.94-7.78 (13H, m), 8.56 (4H, m).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 17 ethyl [5-[3-(tert-butoxycarbonylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-(2,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]acetate

In the same manner as in Reference Example 14-(1) and (2), the title compound was synthesized.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.22-1.28 (3H, m), 1.45 (9H, s), 2.72-2.91 (1H, m), 3.06-3.20 (1H, m), 3.59 (2.25H, s), 3.65 (0.75H, s), 3.76 (0.75H, s), 3.79 (2.25H, s), 3.95 (0.25H, m), 4.08-4.17 (2H, m), 4.30-4.32 (2H, m), 4.43 (1H, m), 4.64 (0.25H, m), 4.87-4.92 (1.75H, m), 5.33 (0.75H, d, J=14.7 Hz), 5.52 (0.75H, s), 5.87 (0.25H, s), 6.32-6.47 (3H, m), 7.03-7.42 (7H, m).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 18 tert-butyl [3-[7-chloro-3-[2-[(2-fluorobenzyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-5-yl]benzyl]carbamate

(1) A solution of the compound (2.6 g) obtained in Reference Example 17 in trifluoroacetic acid (20 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 36 hrs. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was neutralized with a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, washed with water and dried over anhydrous MgSO₄. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (80 ml). Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (1.8 g) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hrs. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give ethyl [5-[3-(tert-butoxycarbonylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]acetate (0.84 g) as a colorless amorphous solid.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.20-1.28 (3H, m), 1.45 (9H, s), 2.73-2.90 (1H, m), 3.00-3.06 (1H, m), 4.08-4.15 (2H, m), 4.33-4.35 (2H, m), 4.58 (0.75H, m), 4.86-5.00 (1.25H, m), 5.87 (0.25H, s), 5.93 (0.75H, s), 6.69 (0.75H, s), 6.81 (0.25H, s), 6.89 (0.25H, d, J=8.5 Hz), 7.00 (0.75H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.18-7.40 (5H, m), 7.90-8.04 (1H, m).

(2) To a solution of the compound (0.84 g) obtained in the aforementioned (1) in a mixed solvent of ethanol (10 ml) and tetrahydrofuran (10 ml) was added 1N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (6 ml), and the mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 2 hrs. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was neutralized with aqueous KHSO₄ solution and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, washed with water and dried over anhydrous MgSO₄. After evaporation of the solvent, the residue was dissolved in dimethylformamide (8 ml). 2-Fluorobenzylamine (0.33 g), 1-hydroxy-1H-benzotriazole (0.30 g) and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (0.50 g) were added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hrs. Ethyl acetate was added and the mixture was washed with water and dried over anhydrous MgSO₄. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography, and recrystallized from hexane-tetrahydrofuran to give the title compound (0.40 g) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.44 (9H, s), 2.62-2.74 (1H, m), 2.84-2.91 (1H, m), 4.25-4.32 (2H, m), 4.42-4.51 (2H, m), 4.60 (0.75H, m), 4.81 (0.25H, m), 4.90 (0.25H, m), 5.01 (0.75H, m), 5.87 (0.25H, s), 5.90 (0.75H, s), 6.22 (1H, m), 6.66 (0.75H, s), 6.83 (0.5H, m), 6.96-7.38 (9.75H, m), 7.76 (0.25H, m), 7.95 (0.75H, m).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 19 ethyl [3,5-trans-5-[3-(tert-butoxy carbonylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-(2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypropyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]acetate

The title compound was synthesized in the same manner as in Reference Examples 14-(1) and (2).

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.60 (3H, s), 1.04 (3H, S), 1.24 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 1.45 (9H, s), 2.76 (1H, dd, J=5.2, 16.7 Hz), 3.03-3.15 (2H, m), 3.39 (1H, d, J=14.3 Hz), 3.51 (1H, m), 4.08-4.15 (3H, m), 4.34-4.40 (3H, m), 4.47 (1H, d, J=14.3 Hz), 4.87 (1H, m), 5.89 (1H, s), 6.60 (1H, s), 7.21-7.43 (6H, m).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 20 [3,5-trans-1-(3-acetoxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)-5-[3-(tert-butoxycarbonylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]acetic acid

To a solution of the compound (1.78 g) obtained in Reference Example 19 in a mixed solvent of ethanol (15 ml) and tetrahydrofuran (15 ml) was added 1N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (4 ml), and the mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 1 hr. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was neutralized with aqueous KHSO₄ solution and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, washed with water and dried over anhydrous MgSO₄. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 ml). Acetyl chloride (0.60 g) and pyridine (0.98 g) were added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs. Water (15 ml) was further added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 22 hrs. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, washed with water and dried over anhydrous MgSO₄. The solvent was evaporated to give the title compound (0.91 g) as a colorless amorphous solid.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 0.87 (6H, s), 1.35 (9H, s), 1.92 (3H, s), 2.60 (1H, m), 2.80 (1H, m), 3.71-3.76 (3H, m), 4.05-4.20 (3H, m), 4.31 (1H, m), 5.90 (1H, s), 6.40 (1H, s), 7.10-7.44 (5H, m), 7.56 (1H, m), 7.76 (1H, m), 12.29 (1H, brs).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 21 3-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(aminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-3-[2-[(2-fluorobenzyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-1(5H)-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropyl acetate hydrochloride

(1) To a solution of the compound (1.26 g) obtained in Reference Example 20 in dimethylformamide (20 ml) were added 2-fluorobenzylamine (0.43 g), 1-hydroxy-1H-benzotriazole (0.38 g) and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (0.61 g), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 hrs. Ethyl acetate was added and the mixture was washed with water and dried over anhydrous MgSO₄. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give 3-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(tert-butoxycarbonylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-3-[2-[(2-fluorobenzyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-1(5H)-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropyl acetate (1.19 g) as a colorless amorphous solid.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.94 (3H, s), 0.97 (3H, s), 1.44 (9H, s), 1.97 (3H, s), 2.68 (1H, dd, J=5.8, 14.4 Hz), 2.87 (1H, dd, J=7.1, 14.4 Hz), 3.52 (1H, d, J=15.1 Hz), 3.76 (2H, m), 4.32 (2H, m), 4.38-4.56 (4H, m), 4.94 (1H, m), 6.00 (1H, s), 6.24 (1H, m), 6.57 (1H, s), 6.99-7.13 (2H, m), 7.21-7.40 (8H, m).

(2) To a solution of the compound (0.95 g) obtained in the aforementioned (1) in ethyl acetate (10 ml) was added a 4N solution (10 ml) of hydrogen chloride in ethyl acetate, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was recrystallized from diisopropyl ether-methanol to give the title compound (0.86 g) as a colorless solid.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 0.89 (3H, s), 0.90 (3H, s), 1.95 (3H, s), 2.61 (1H, dd, J=6.4, 15.1 Hz), 2.73 (1H, dd, J=6.8, 15.1 Hz), 3.71-3.76 (3H, m), 4.04 (2H, s), 4.20-4.35 (4H, m), 5.93 (1H, s), 6.40 (1H, d, J=2.1 Hz), 7.10-7.19 (2H, m), 7.27-7.34 (3H, m), 7.46-7.59 (4H, m) 7.76 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 8.39 (3H, brs), 8.51 (1H, m).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 22 3-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(tert-butoxycarbonylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-2-oxo-3-[2-oxo-2-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]amino]ethyl]-2,3-dihydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-1(5H)-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropyl acetate

The title compound was synthesized by the same method as in Reference Example 21-(1) and using the compound obtained in Reference Example 20.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.94 (3H, s), 0.97 (3H, s), 1.44 (9H, s), 1.97 (3H, s), 2.69 (1H, dd, J=5.5, 14.4 Hz), 2.89 (1H, dd, J=7.3, 14.4 Hz), 3.52 (1H, d, J=14.1 Hz), 3.78 (2H, m), 4.32 (2H, d, J=5.3 Hz), 4.41 (1H, m), 4.49 (1H, d, J=14.1 Hz), 4.57-4.69 (2H, m), 4.94 (1H, m), 6.00 (1H, s), 6.27 (1H, m), 6.57 (1H, s), 7.22-7.52 (9H, m), 7.63 (1H, d, J=7.6 Hz).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 23 2-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-5-(3-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide

(1) To a solution of 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (20.0 g) in dimethylsulfoxide (80 ml) was added sodium hydride (5.79 g), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr. Methyl iodide (9.0 ml) was added, and the mixture was further stirred at room temperature for 20 hrs. The obtained reaction mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate (1000 ml) and water (500 ml). The aqueous layer was further extracted with ethyl acetate (1000 ml). The organic layers were combined, washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography and crystallized from diisopropyl ether and hexane to give 3-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzaldehyde (11.5 g) as pale-brown crystals.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 3.98 (3H, s), 5.86 (1H, s), 7.12-7.40 (3H, m), 10.27 (1H, s).

(2) To a solution of the compound (11.4 g) obtained in the aforementioned (1), potassium carbonate (22.8 g) and potassium iodide (2.49 g) in DMF (130 ml) was added benzyl bromide (9.8 ml), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 17 hrs. The obtained reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate (1500 ml) and water (1500 ml). The organic layer was washed successively with water and saturated brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography and crystallized from diisopropyl ether and hexane to give 3-benzyloxy-2-methoxybenzaldehyde (13.7 g) as pale-yellow crystals.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 4.03 (3H, s), 5.16 (2H, s), 7.09-7.47 (8H, m), 10.45 (1H, d, J=0.66 Hz).

(3) To a solution of 4-chloroaniline (10.0 g) and triethylamine (16.4 ml) in acetonitrile (80 ml) was added dropwise pivaloyl chloride (14.5 ml) under ice-cooling. The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 5 hrs. The obtained reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate (1500 ml) and water (1500 ml). The organic layer was washed successively with water, saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution and saturated brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was crystallized from diethyl ether and hexane to give N-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dimethylpropionamide (15.0 g) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.31 (9H, s), 7.26-7.50 (4H, m).

(4) A solution of the compound (11.5 g) obtained in the aforementioned (3) in tetrahydrofuran (120 ml) was purged with nitrogen, and a 1.6 M solution (72 ml) of n-butyllithium in hexane was gradually added dropwise at −50° C. under stirring. The reaction solution was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 2.5 hrs. The reaction mixture was cooled to −50° C. again, and a solution of compound (14.5 g) obtained in the aforementioned (2) in tetrahydrofuran (50 ml) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 1 hr. The obtained reaction mixture was diluted with water, and extracted twice with ethyl acetate (1000 ml). The organic layers were combined, washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography, and crystallized from diethyl ether and hexane to give N-{2-[(3-benzyloxy-2-methoxyphenyl)hydroxymethyl]1-4-chlorophenyl}-2,2-dimethylpropionamide (19.3 g) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.12 (9H, s), 3.93 (3H, s), 4.29 (1H, d, J=4.5 Hz), 5.14 (2H, d, J=1.4 Hz), 5.99 (1H, d, J=4.5 Hz), 6.52 (1H, dd, J=7.1, 1.9 Hz), 6.94-7.02 (3H, m), 7.28-7.47 (6H, m), 8.17 (1H, d, J=8.7 Hz), 9.20 (1H, brs).

(5) To a solution of the compound (20.0 g) obtained in the aforementioned (4) in tetrahydrofuran (50 ml) was added 9N sulfuric acid (33.2 ml), and the mixture was heated under reflux for 5 hrs. The reaction solution was ice-cooled, and 4N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (90 ml) was gradually added to basify the solution. The obtained reaction mixture was diluted with water, and extracted twice with ethyl acetate (1000 ml). The organic layers were combined, washed successively with water and saturated brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography to give (2-amino-5-chlorophenyl)-(3-benzyloxy-2-methoxyphenyl)methanol (11.5 g) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 3.12 (1H, d, J=5.3 Hz), 3.87 (3H, s), 4.21 (2H, bs), 5.13 (2H, s), 6.03 (1H, d, J=5.2 Hz), 6.59 (1H, d, J=8.3 Hz), 6.86-7.10 (5H, m), 7.32-7.47 (5H, m).

(6) To a solution of the compound (9.5 g) obtained in the aforementioned (5), pivalaldehyde (2.35 g) and acetic acid (4.1 ml) in methanol (80 ml) was added sodium cyanotrihydroborate (2.26 g), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hrs. The obtained reaction mixture was diluted with 5% aqueous potassium hydrogensulfate solution, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate (1000 ml) and water (1000 ml), and the organic layer was washed successively with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution and saturated brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was crystallized from diethyl ether and hexane to give (3-benzyloxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-[5-chloro-2-(2,2-dimethylpropylamino)phenyl]methanol (10.2 g) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.93 (9H, s), 2.83 (2H, d, J=4.5 Hz), 3.21 (1H, d, J=5.5 Hz), 3.87 (3H, s), 4.77-4.92 (1H, brs), 5.13 (2H, s), 5.99 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz), 6.57 (1H, d, J=8.7 Hz), 6.78-7.16 (5H, m), 7.30-7.49 (5H, m).

(7) To a suspension of the compound (10.0 g) obtained in the aforementioned (6) and sodium hydrogencarbonate (5.35 g) in dichloromethane (200 ml) was added dropwise a solution of ethyl (E)-4-chloro-4-oxo-2-butenoate (4.25 g) in dichloromethane (30 ml), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs. The obtained reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate (1000 ml) and water (1000 ml), and the organic layer was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography to give ethyl 3-[(2-[(3-benzyloxy-2-methoxyphenyl)hydroxymethyl]-4-chlorophenyl}(2,2-dimethylpropyl)carbamoyl]acrylate (12.2 g) as a colorless oil.

(8) A suspension of the compound (12.1 g) obtained in the aforementioned (7) and potassium carbonate (3.54 g) in ethanol (140 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 19 hrs, and the obtained reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate (1000 ml) and water (1000 ml), and the organic layer was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was crystallized from diethyl ether and hexane to give ethyl [3,5-trans-5-(3-benzyloxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]acetate (10.7 g) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.94 (9H, s), 1.24 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 2.77 (1H, dd, J=16.5, 6.0 Hz), 3.03 (1H, dd, J=16.4, 7.7 Hz), 3.37 (1H, d, J=13.9 Hz), 3.66 (3H, s), 4.04-4.22 (2H, m), 4.39 (1H, dd, J=7.6, 6.0 Hz),4.51 (1H, d, J=13.9 Hz), 5.13 (2H, s), 6.28 (1H, s), 6.63 (1H, d, J=1.7 Hz), 6.99-7.49 (10H, m).

(9) To a solution of the compound (10.6 g) obtained in the aforementioned (8) in ethanol/tetrahydrofuran (125 ml/150 ml) was added 1N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (45 ml), and the mixture was heated at 60° C. for 45 min. The reaction solution was cooled, neutralized with 1N hydrochloric acid (80 ml), and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was partitioned between ethyl, acetate (1000 ml) and water (1000 ml), and the organic layer was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was crystallized from diethyl ether and hexane to give [3,5-trans-5-(3-benzyloxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]acetic acid (9.4 g) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.95 (9H, s), 2.84 (1H, dd, J=16.4, 5.4 Hz), 3.07 (1H, dd, J=16.4, 7.5 Hz), 3.38 (1H, d, J=13.8 Hz), 3.66 (3H, s), 4.34 (1H, dd, J=7.4, 5.4 Hz), 4.52 (1H, d, J=13.9 Hz), 5.13 (2H, s), 6.27 (1H, s), 6.65 (1H, d, J=2.0 Hz), 7.00-7.49 (10H, m).

(10) To a solution of the compound (9.3 g) obtained in the aforementioned (9), HOBt(2.80 g) and WSC (3.98 g) in DMF (150 ml) was added a solution of 2-fluorobenzylamine (2.60 g) in DMF (30 ml), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2.5 hrs, and the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate (1000 ml) and water (1000 ml). The organic layer was washed successively with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution and saturated brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was crystallized from diethyl ether and hexane to give 2-[3,5-trans-5-(3-benzyloxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide (10.7 g) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.93 (9H, s), 2.69 (1H, dd, J=14.3, 6.1 Hz), 2.87 (1H, dd, J=14.3, 6.9 Hz), 3.35 (1H, d, J=13.8 Hz), 3.65 (3H, s), 4.10-4.52 (4H, m), 5.13 (2H, s), 6.26 (1H, s), 6.30 (1H, br), 6.62 (1H, d, J=2.2 Hz), 6.99-7.49 (14H, m).

(11) To a suspension of the compound (9.3 g) obtained in the aforementioned (10) and 10% palladium carbon (1.0 g) in ethyl acetate (200 ml) was added 5N hydrochloric acid (10 ml), and the mixture was stirred under a hydrogen gas atmosphere at room temperature for 1.5 hrs. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate (1000 ml) and water (1000 ml), and the organic layer was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was crystallized from diethyl ether and hexane to give the title compound (8.8 g) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.94 (9H, s), 2.69 (1H, dd, J=14.4, 6.1 Hz), 2.87 (1H, dd, J=14.4, 6.8 Hz), 3.37 (1H, d, J=13.9 Hz), 3.58 (3H, s), 4.39-4.52 (4H, m), 5.51 (1H, s), 6.23 (1H, s), 6.29 (1H, br), 6.62 (1H, d, J=2.2 Hz), 6.96-7.41 (9H, m).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 24 tert-butyl [3-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-3-[2-[(2-fluorobenzyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-5-yl]-2-methoxyphenoxy]acetate

To a solution of the compound (0.90 g) obtained in Reference Example 23 and potassium carbonate (0.34 g) in DMF (15 ml) was added a solution of tert-butyl bromoacetate (0.38 g) in DMF (5 ml), and the mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 2 hrs. The obtained reaction mixture was cooled and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate (100 ml) and water (100 ml). The organic layer was washed successively with water and saturated brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was crystallized from diethyl ether-hexane to give the title compound (1.0 g) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.94 (9H, s), 1.48 (9H, s), 2.69 (1H, dd, J=14.3, 6.1 Hz), 2.87 (1H, dd, J=14.3, 6.9 Hz), 3.35 (1H, d, J=13.8 Hz), 3.69 (3H, s), 4.37-4.57 (4H, m), 4.57 (2H, s), 6.26 (1H, s), 6.30 (1H, br), 6.58 (1H, d, J=2.1 Hz), 6.81-7.39 (9H, m).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 25 [3-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-3-[2-[(2-fluorobenzyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-5-yl]-2-methoxyphenoxy]acetic acid

A mixture of the compound (1.00 g) obtained in Reference Example 24 and a 4N solution (15 ml) of hydrochloric acid in ethyl acetate was stirred at room temperature for 2 hrs. The obtained reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was crystallized from diethyl ether to give the title compound (0.81 g) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.93 (9H, m), 2.71 (1H, dd, J=14.3, 5.9 Hz), 2.88 (1H, dd, J=14.3, 6.9 Hz), 3.35 (1H, d, J=13.9 Hz), 3.67 (3H, s), 4.37-4.57 (4H, m), 4.71 (2H, s), 6.24 (1H, s), 6.47 (1H, br), 6.58 (1H, d, J=2.1 Hz), 6.86-7.40 (9H, m).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 26 2-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-5-[3-(chloromethyl)phenyl]-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide

The compound (0.4 g) obtained in Reference Example 9 was dissolved in toluene (8 ml), and thionyl chloride (97 mg) and pyridine (0.01 ml) were added at room temperature, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. Ethyl acetate was added to the reaction mixture. The mixture was washed with 1N hydrochloric acid, saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution and brine, and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated to give the title compound (0.43 g) as a colorless amorphous solid.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.92 (9H, s), 2.69 (1H, dd, J=5.4, 14.2 Hz), 2.88 (1H, dd, J=6.8, 14.2 Hz), 3.35 (1H, d, J=14.0 Hz), 4.39-4.51 (4H, m), 4.60 (2H, s), 6.00 (1H, s), 6.25-6.35 (1H, br), 6.56 (1H, d, J=2.2 Hz), 7.02-7.43 (10H, m).

In the same manner as in Reference Example 14, the compounds of the following Reference Examples 27 to 31 were synthesized.

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 27 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(aminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-(6-methoxy-2-naphthylmethyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide hydrochloride

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 2.70 (1H, dd, J=5.8, 15.4 Hz), 2.92 (1H, dd, J=7.6, 15.4 Hz), 3.87 (3H, s), 3.99 (2H, d, J=5.8 Hz), 4.33 (2H, m), 4.51 (1H, dd, J=5.8, 7.6 Hz), 5.22 (1H, d, J=15.8 Hz), 5.43 (1H, d, J=15.8 Hz), 5.63 (1H, s), 6.37 (1H, m), 7.04-7.61 (13H, m), 7.76-7.85 (3H, m), 8.55 (3H, brs), 8.64 (1H, m).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 28 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(aminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-2-oxo-1-(quinolin-2-ylmethyl)-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide hydrochloride

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 2.73-2.82 (2H, m), 4.05 (2H, m), 4.31 (2H, m), 4.57 (1H, m), 5.63 (2H, m), 6.36 (1H, s), 6.45 (1H, d, J=2.6 Hz), 6.99-7.37 (6H, m), 7.51-7.78 (7H, m), 7.94 (1H, m), 8.10-8.21 (2H, m), 8.61-8.67 (4H, m).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 29 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(aminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-(9H-fluoren-2-ylmethyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide hydrochloride

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 2.69 (1H, dd, J=6.2, 15.4 Hz), 2.90 (1H, dd, J=7.2, 15.4 Hz), 3.86 (2H, s), 3.95 (2H, m), 4.32 (2H, m), 4.50 (1H, dd, J=6.2, 7.2 Hz), 5.17 (1H, d, J=15.2 Hz), 5.39 (1H, d, J=15.2 Hz), 5.62 (1H, s), 6.39 (1H, s), 7.04-7.63 (15H, m), 7.88 (2H, m), 8.51 (3H, brs), 8.62 (1H, m).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 30 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(aminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-[5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-furylmethyl]-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide hydrochloride

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 2.65 (1H, dd, J=5.8, 14.6 Hz), 2.84 (1H, dd, J=6.8, 14.6 Hz), 3.76 (2H, m), 3.90 (3H, s), 4.30 (2H, m), 4.41 (1H, dd, J=5.8, 6.8 Hz), 5.03 (1H, d, J=15.4 Hz), 5.58 (1H, d, J=15.4 Hz), 5.59 (1H, s), 6.34 (1H, s), 6.43 (1H, m), 6.79 (1H, m), 6.88-7.32 (10H, m), 7.49 (2H, m), 7.61 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 7.77 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 8.35 (3H, brs), 8.56 (1H, m).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 31 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(aminomethyl)phenyl]-1-(2,3′-bithien-5-ylmethyl)-7-chloro-1-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide hydrochloride

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 2.66 (1H, dd, J=6.1, 15.4 Hz), 2.85 (1H, dd, J=7.4, 15.4 Hz), 3.92 (2H, m), 4.31 (2H, m), 4.39 (1H, dd, J=6.1, 7.4 Hz), 5.13 (1H, d, J=15.4 Hz), 5.52 (1H, s), 5.56 (1H, d, J=15.4 Hz), 6.40 (1H, d, J=2.2 Hz), 6.95-7.44 (10H, m), 7.54-7.78 (5H, m), 8.51 (3H, brs), 8.60 (1H, m).

EXAMPLE 13 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl)acetamide

To a solution of 3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepine-3-acetic acid (0.30 g) obtained in Reference Example 11 in dimethylformamide (5 ml) were added tetrahydrofurfurylamine (0.10 g), 1-hydroxy-1H-benzotriazole (0.11 g) and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (0.18 g), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hrs. Ethyl acetate was added, and the organic layer was washed with water, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound as a colorless solid. This solid was recrystallized from chloroform to give the title compound (0.27 g) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.92 (9H, s), 1.45-1.60 (1H, m), 1.75-2.00 (3H, m), 2.04 (3H, s), 2.68 (1H, dd, J=6.3, 14.5 Hz), 2.78-2.90 (1H, m), 3.10-3.30 (1H, m), 3.35 (1H, d, J=13.9 Hz), 3.40-3.60 (1H, m), 3.65-3.90 (2H, m), 3.90-4.00 (1H, m), 4.38-4.52 (4H, m), 5.80-6.00 (1H, brs), 6.00 (1H, s), 6.18 (1H, brs), 6.57 (1H, s), 7.20-7.43 (6H, m).

By the same method as in Example 13, 3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepine-3-acetic acid and various amine were condensed to give the compounds of the following Examples 14 to 27.

EXAMPLE 14 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.91 (9H, s), 2.03 (3H, s), 2.71 (1H, dd, J=5.2, 14.3 Hz), 2.90 (1H, dd, J=7.1, 14.3 Hz), 3.35 (1H, d, J=13.9 Hz), 4.40-4.70 (6H, m), 5.81 (1H, brs), 5.98 (1H, s), 6.37 (1H, brs), 6.57 (1H, s), 7.20-7.55 (9H, m), 7.63 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz).

EXAMPLE 15 tert-butyl [2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]acetylamino]acetate

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.92 (9H, s), 1.46 (9H, s), 2.04 (3H, s), 2.72 (1H, dd, J=5.8, 14.3 Hz), 2.91 (1H, dd, J=6.7, 15.4 Hz), 3.35 (1H, d, J=14.0 Hz), 3.84 (1H, dd, J=4.7, 18.5 Hz), 3.98 (1H, dd, J=4.6, 18.2 Hz), 4.38-4.58 (4H, m), 5.90 (1H, brs), 6.01 (1H, s), 6.31 (1H, brs), 6.58 (1H, s), 7.20-7.62 (6H, m).

EXAMPLE 16 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.92 (9H, s), 2.04 (3H, s), 2.74 (1H, dd, J=4.5, 13.7 Hz), 2.96 (1H, dd, J=8.8, 13.4 Hz), 3.35 (1H, d, J=13.8 Hz), 4.33-4.52 (5H, m), 4.72 (1H, dd, J=7.1, 15.8 Hz), 5.81 (1H, brs), 5.99 (1H, s), 6.58 (2H, brs), 7.20-7.42 (6H, m), 7.72-7.78 (3H, m).

EXAMPLE 17 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(cycloheptylmethyl)acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.92 (9H, s), 1.05-1.30 (2H, m), 1.30-1.80 (11H, m), 2.04 (3H, s), 2.63 (1H, dd, J=5.3, 14.0 Hz), 2.86 (1H, dd, J=7.6, 14.0 Hz), 3.00-3.20 (2H, m), 3.35 (1H, d, J=13.9 Hz), 4.35-4.60 (4H, m), 5.80 (1H, brs), 5.95 (1H, brs), 5.98 (1H, s), 6.57 (1H, d, J=2.1 Hz), 7.25-7.60 (6H, m).

EXAMPLE 18 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(cyclopropylmethyl)acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.14-0.20 (2H, m), 0.45-0.52 (2H, m) 0.92 (10H, s), 2.04 (3H, s), 2.64 (1H, dd, J=5.8, 14.2 Hz), 2.83 (1H, dd, J=7.3, 14.2 Hz), 2.95-3.20 (2H, m), 3.35 (1H, d, J=13.9 Hz), 4.39-4.50 (4H, m), 5.84 (1H, brs), 5.92-6.04 (1H, m), 5.97 (1H, m), 5.99 (1H, s), 7.25-7.43 (6H, m)

EXAMPLE 19 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-[2-(methylsulfanyl)benzyl]acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.91 (9H, s), 2.02 (3H, s), 2.43 (3H, s), 2.70 (1H, dd, J=6.2, 14.6 Hz), 2.86 (1H, dd, J=6.8, 14.5 Hz), 3.34 (1H, d, J=13.9 Hz), 4.35-4.60 (6H, m), 5.82 (1H, brs), 5.98 (1H, s), 6.30-6.36 (1H, brs), 6.56 (1H, d, J=2.2 Hz), 7.00-7.40 (10H, m).

EXAMPLE 20 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-[2-(methylsulfonyl)benzyl]acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.92 (9H, s), 2.01 (3H, s), 3.07 (1H, dd, J=7.0, 16.6 Hz), 3.20 (1H, dd, J=6.4, 16.6 Hz), 3.29-3.37 (2H, m), 3.34 (3H, s), 4.40-4.60 (5H, m), 6.05 (2H, brs), 6.56 (1H, s), 7.21-7.80 (11H, m).

EXAMPLE 21 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.91 (9H, s), 2.03 (3H, s), 2.72 (1H, dd, J=5.1, 14.1 Hz), 2.93 (1H, dd, J=8.0, 14.1 Hz), 3.35 (1H, d, J=13.9 Hz), 4.40-4.56 (6H, m), 5.79 (1H, brs), 5.98 (1H, s), 6.43 (1H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 6.58 (1H, d, J=2.3 Hz), 7.20-7.52 (10H, m).

EXAMPLE 22 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.91 (9H, s), 2.03 (3H, s), 2.74 (1H, dd, J=5.3, 14.3 Hz), 2.90 (1H, dd, J=7.5, 14.3 Hz), 3.35 (1H, d, J=13.9 Hz), 4.37-4.59 (6H, m), 5.77 (1H, brs), 5.98 (1H, s), 6.47 (1H, brs), 6.58 (1H, d, J=2.3 Hz), 7.19-7.52 (10H, m).

EXAMPLE 23 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-bromobenzyl)acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.91 (9H, s), 2.03 (3H, s), 2.71 (1H, dd, J=5.6, 14.4 Hz), 2.90 (1H, dd, J=7.1, 14.4 Hz), 3.35 (1H, d, J=13.9 Hz), 4.38-4.57 (6H, m), 5.77 (1H, brs), 5.99 (1H, s), 6.40 (1H, t, J=5.3 Hz), 6.57 (1H, d, J=2.1 Hz), 7.08-7.42 (9H, m), 7.52 (1H, d, J=7.7 Hz).

EXAMPLE 24 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-chlorobenzyl)acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.92 (9H, s), 2.04 (3H, s), 2.70 (1H, dd, J=5.6, 14.3 Hz), 2.90 (1H, dd, J=7.1, 14.4 Hz), 3.35 (1H, d, J=13.9 Hz), 4.38-4.59 (6H, m), 5.74 (1H, brs), 5.99 (1H, s), 6.36 (1H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 6.57 (1H, d, J=2.2 Hz), 7.14-7.42 (10H, m).

EXAMPLE 25 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.92 (9H, s), 2.02 (3H, s), 2.66 (1H, dd, J=6.3, 14.5 Hz), 2.83 (1H, dd, J=6.8, 14.4 Hz), 3.34 (1H, d, J=13.9 Hz), 3.80 (3H, s), 4.32-4.52 (6H, m), 5.78 (1H, brs), 5.98 (1H, s), 6.32 (1H, t, J=5.8 Hz), 6.55 (1H, d, J=2.3 Hz), 6.83-6.90 (2H, m), 7.15-7.39 (8H, m).

EXAMPLE 26 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.91 (9H, s), 2.04 (3H, s), 2.64 (1H, dd, J=5.8, 14.4 Hz), 2.83 (1H, dd, J=7.1, 14.5 Hz), 4.37-4.49 (5H, m), 4.59 (1H, dd, J=6.0, 14.5 Hz), 5.85 (1H, brs), 5.96 (1H, s), 6.26 (1H, t, J=5.5 Hz), 6.56 (1H, d, J=2.3 Hz), 6.86 (2H, t, J=7.7 Hz), 7.15-7.42 (8H, m).

EXAMPLE 27 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.92 (9H, s), 2.04 (3H, s), 2.73 (1H, dd, J=5.6, 14.4 Hz), 2.90 (1H, dd, J=7.1, 14.4 Hz), 3.67-3.88 (1H, m), 3.93-4.13 (1H, m), 4.35-4.51 (4H, m), 5.82 (1H, brs), 5.99 (1H, s), 6.44 (1H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 6.59 (1H, d, J=2.3 Hz), 7.18-7.45 (7H, m).

EXAMPLE 28 [2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]acetylamino]acetic acid

To a solution (3 ml) of the compound (0.10 g) obtained in Example 15 in dichloromethane was added trifluoroacetic acid (1.5 ml), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hrs., and concentrated. The residual trifluoroacetic acid was removed by azeotrope with toluene and the residue was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was concentrated, and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound (0.066 g) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 0.84 (9H, s), 1.85 (3H, s), 2.57 (1H, dd, J=6.5, 15.1 Hz), 2.67 (1H, dd, J=6.4, 15.3 Hz), 3.58 (1H, d, J=13.9 Hz), 3.63-3.80 (2H, m), 4.20-4.35 (4H, m), 5.83 (1H, s), 6.38 (1H, d, J=2.1 Hz), 7.19 (2H, brs), 7.29 (1H, d, J=7.7 Hz), 7.41 (1H, t, 7.7 Hz), 7.54 (1H, dd, J=2.0, 8.5 Hz), 7.73 (1H, d, J=8.7 Hz), 8.29 (1H, t, J=5.7 Hz), 8.36 (1H, t, J=5.6 Hz).

In the same manner as in Example 13, condensation reactions of 3,5-trans-7-chloro-5-[3-(methoxycarbonylaminomethyl)phenyl]-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepine-3-acetic acid obtained in Reference Example 13 with various amines were carried out to give the compounds of the following Examples 29 to 31.

EXAMPLE 29 methyl [3-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-3-[2-oxo-2-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]amino]ethyl]-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-5-yl]benzyl]carbamate

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.91 (9H, s), 2.71 (1H, dd, J=5.6, 14.4 Hz), 2.90 (1H, dd, J=7.3, 14.4 Hz), 3.35 (1H, d, J=13.9 Hz), 3.70 (3H, s), 4.35-4.50 (4H, m), 4.56 (1H, dd, J=6.0, 15.7 Hz), 4.66 (1H, dd, J=6.1 Hz, 15.3 Hz), 5.01 (1H, brs), 5.98 (1H, s), 6.32 (1H, t, J=6.0 Hz), 6.57 (1H, d, J=2.1 Hz), 7.15-7.53 (9H, m), 7.63 (1H, d, J=7.6 Hz).

EXAMPLE 30 methyl [3-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-3-[2-[(cyclohexylmethyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-5-yl]benzyl]carbamate

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.80-1.00 (2H, m), 0.92 (9H, s), 1.10-1.80 (9H, m), 2.63 (1H, dd, J=5.4, 14.1 Hz), 2.85 (1H, dd, J=7.6, 14.1 Hz), 3.00-3.15 (2H, m), 3.35 (1H, d, J=13.9 Hz), 3.71 (3H, s), 4.35-4.50 (4H, m), 5.03 (1H, brs), 5.94 (1H, brs), 5.98 (1H, s), 6.56 (1H, d, J=2.1 Hz), 7.20-7.44 (6H, m).

EXAMPLE 31 methyl [3-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-3-[2-(3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)-2-oxoethyl]-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-5-yl]benzyl]carbamate

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.93 (9H, s), 2.75-2.95 (3H, m), 3.10-3.28 (1H, m), 3.38 (1H, d, J=14.0 Hz), 3.59-3.78 (1.5H, m), 3.70 (3H, s), 3.86-3.96 (0.5 H, m), 4.37 (2H, d, J=5.1 Hz), 4.46-4.78 (4H, m), 4.99 (1H, brs), 6.01 (1H, s), 6.55 (1H, s), 7.00-7.39 (10H, m).

EXAMPLE 32 N-([3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]methyl}-2-(2-fluorophenyl)acetamide

(1) A solution of 3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepine-3-acetic acid (1.00 g) obtained in Reference Example 11, diphenylphosphoryl azide (0.94 g) and triethylamine (0.27 g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (6 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr. Water was added to the reaction mixture and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was evaporated. To the obtained residue was added toluene (25 ml), and this solution was heated under reflux. Then, 9-fluorenylmethanol (0.43 g) was added, and the mixture was further heated under reflux for 3 hrs. Water was added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, and and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give 9-fluorenylmethyl (3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl}methylcarbamate (0.86 g) as a colorless oil.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.93 (9H, s), 2.03 (3H, s), 3.36 (1H, d, J=13.8 Hz), 3.60-3.70 (2H, m), 3.90-3.97 (1H, m), 4.08-4.25 (2H, m), 4.30-4.55 (4H, m), 5.30 (1H, brs), 5.81 (1H, brs), 5.99 (1H, s), 6.61. (H, s), 7.20-7.45 (10H, m), 7.55 (2H, d, J=7.0 Hz), 7.75 (2H, d, J=7.4 Hz).

(2) A mixture of the compound (0.39 g) obtained in the aforementioned (1), piperidine (0.5 ml) and N,N-dimethylformamide (5 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr, water was added to the reaction mixture and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was evaporated. To the obtained residue were added 2-fluorophenylacetic acid (0.089 g), 1-hydroxy-1H-benzotriazole (0.10 g), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (0.17 g) and N,N-dimethylformamide (5 ml), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hrs. The solvent was evaporated, saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution was added to the obtained residue, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, and and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography, and the obtained colorless amorphous solid was recrystallized from tetrahydrofuran to give the title compound (0.13 g) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.91 (9H, s), 2.05 (3H, s), 3.33 (1H, d, J=13.9 Hz), 3.53 (2H, s), 3.55-3.80 (2H, m), 3.92 (1H, t, J=5.3 Hz), 4.41-4.50 (3H, m), 5.89 (1H, brs), 5.92. (H, s), 6.15 (1H, t, J=6.2 Hz), 6.59 (1H, d, J=2.3 Hz), 6.95-7.43 (10H, m).

EXAMPLE 33 N-[3-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-3-[[[[(2-fluorobenzyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]methyl]-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-5-yl]benzyl]acetamide

A solution of 3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepine-3-acetic acid (0.28 g) obtained in Reference Example 11, diphenylphosphoryl azide (0.26 g) and triethylamine (0.077 g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (3 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr. Water was added to the reaction mixture and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was evaporated. To the obtained residue was added toluene (8 ml), and this solution was heated under reflux for 3 hrs. 2-Fluorobenzylamine (0.078 g) was added, and the mixture was further heated under reflux for 2 hrs. Water was added to the reaction mixture and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography, and the obtained colorless amorphous solid was recrystallized from tetrahydrofuran to give the title compound (0.11 g) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.91 (9H, s), 1.95 (3H, s), 3.31 (1H, d, J=13.9 Hz), 3.43-3.58 (1H, m), 3.79-3.92.(1H, m), 3.93-4.00 (1H, m), 4.21 (1H, dd, J=5.8, 14.6 Hz), 4.41 (2H, d, J=4.9 Hz), 4.50 (1H, d, J=13.9 Hz), 4.61 (1H, dd, J=6.9, 14.6 Hz), 4.99-5.10 (1H, m), 5.94-6.10 (2H, m), 6.00 (1H, s), 6.56 (1H, d, J=2.3 Hz), 6.90-7.42 (9H, m), 7.74 (1H, s).

EXAMPLE 34 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(2-amino-2-oxoethoxy)-2-methoxyphenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide

To a solution of the compound (100 mg) obtained in Reference Example 25 and HONB (N-hydroxy-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboximide)(44 mg) in acetonitrile (5 ml) was added WSC (63 mg), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hrs. 28% Aqueous ammonia (0.1 ml) was added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture was further stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs. Water was added to the obtained reaction mixture and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed successively with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate, water and saturated brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was crystallized from diethyl ether-hexane to give the title compound (68 mg) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.95 (9H, s), 2.65-2.86 (2H, m), 3.41 (1H, d, J=11.4 Hz), 3.63 (3H, s), 4.34-4.57 (4H, m), 4.57 (2H, s), 6.24 (1H, s), 6.57 (1H, d, J=1.7 Hz), 6.97-7.39 (10H, m).

EXAMPLE 35 2-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-5-[3-[2-(dimethylamino)-2-oxoethoxy]-2-methoxyphenyl)-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide

To a solution of the compound (100 mg) obtained in Reference Example 25, HOBt (30 mg) and WSC (40 mg) in DMF (4 ml) were added dimethylamine hydrochloride (27 mg) and triethylamine (68 μl), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate (50 ml) and water (50 ml). The organic layer was washed successively with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution and saturated brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was crystallized from diethyl ether and hexane to give the title compound (85 mg) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (CD₃OD) δ: 0.95 (9H, s), 2.75 (2H, d, J=7.3 Hz), 2.98 (3H, s), 3.10 (3H, s), 3.57 (1H, d, J=14.0 Hz), 3.65 (3H, s), 4.31-4.51 (4H, m), 4.89 (2H, s), 6.24 (1H, s), 6.53 (1H, d, J=2.4 Hz), 6.94-7.66 (9H, m).

In the same manner as in Example 35, the compounds of the following Examples 36 and 37 were synthesized.

EXAMPLE 36 2-[3-(3,5-trans-7-chloro-3-(2-[(2-fluorobenzyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl}-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-5-yl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]-N-(2-phenylethyl)acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.95 (9H, m), 2.63-2.92 (4H, m), 3.37 (1H, d, J=14.0 Hz), 3.40 (3H, s), 3.50-3.72 (2H, m), 4.35-4.65 (4H, m), 4.54 (2H, s), 6.21 (1H, s), 6.18-6.32 (1H, m), 6.55 (1H, d, J=2.0 Hz), 6.65-6.70 (1H, m), 6.86-7.41 (14H, m).

EXAMPLE 37 2-[3-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-3-[2-[(2-fluorobenzyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-5-yl]-2-methoxyphenoxy]-N-[3-(15-imidazol-1-yl)propyl]acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.94 (9H, s), 1.79-2.01 (2H, m), 2.65-2.88. (2H, m), 3.17-3.50 (2H, m), 3.37 (1H, d, J=14.1 Hz), 3.62 (3H, s), 4.33-4.61 (4H, m), 4.62 (2H, s), 6.26 (1H, s), 6.57 (1H, d, J=2.0 Hz), 6.79-7.43 (14H, m).

The compound obtained in Reference Example 3 was subjected to optical resolution under the conditions shown below to give the compounds of the following Reference Examples 32 and 33.

Conditions of Preparative HPLC

-   Column: CHIRALPAK AD 50 mmID×500 mml (Lot No. JG001) -   Mobile phase: hexane/isopropanol=7/3 -   Flow rate: 70 ml/min -   Temperature: 30° C. -   Detection: UV 220 nm

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 32 (−)-2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide [Ε]_(D) ²⁰=−171 (c=0.20, CHCl₃), retention time 11.0 min REFERENCE EXAMPLE 33 (+)-2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide [α]_(D) ²⁰=+195 (c=0.28, CHCl₃), retention time 14.9 min EXAMPLE 38 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide

A solution of the compound (0.40 g) obtained in Reference Example 18 in trifluoroacetic acid (5 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 2 hrs. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was dissolved in pyridine (5 ml). Acetic anhydride (0.30 g) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.06 g) were added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hrs. After evaporation of the solvent, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography and recrystallized from diisopropyl ether-ethanol to give the title compound (0.05 g) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 1.86 (3H, s), 2.57 (1H, dd, J=7.0, 14.9 Hz), 2.71 (1H, dd, J=5.8, 14.9 Hz), 4.19-4.28 (4H, m), 4.46 (1H, m), 5.85 (1H, s), 6.51 (1H, s), 7.05-7.45 (10H, m), 8.33 (1H, m), 8.43 (1H, m), 10.50 (1H, s)

Elemental analysis for C₂₇H₂₅N₃O₄FCl.0.25H₂O Calculated C, 63.04; H, 5.00; N, 8.17. Found C, 63.08; H, 4.84; N, 7.98.

EXAMPLE 39 2-[3,5-trans-5-[4-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide

To a solution of 2-[3,5-trans-5-[4-(aminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide hydrochloride (0.05 g) obtained in Example 82 of JP-A-11-209356 in pyridine (3 ml) were added acetic anhydride (0.03 g) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.01 g), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hrs. After evaporation of the solvent, ethyl acetate was added, and the mixture was washed with water and dried over anhydrous MgSO₄. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound (0.04 g) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.90 (9H, s), 2.06 (3H, s), 2.67 (1H, dd, J=6.0, 14.3 Hz), 2.86 (1H, dd, J=6.9, 14.3 Hz), 3.34 (1H, d, J=13.9 Hz), 4.37-4.56 (6H, m), 5.79 (1H, m), 5.97 (1H, s), 6.27 (1H, m), 6.57 (1H, d, J=2.2 Hz), 6.99-7.09 (2H, m), 7.24-7.37 (8H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₃₂H₃₅N₃O₄FCl.0.5H₂O Calculated C, 65.24; H, 6.16; N, 7.13. Found C, 65.15; H, 5.96; N, 7.19.

The compounds of the following Examples 40 to 42 were respectively synthesized by the same method as in Example 39 and using the compounds obtained in Reference Examples 14 to 16.

EXAMPLE 40 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-isobutyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.90 (3H, d, J=6.6 Hz), 0.97 (3H, d, J=6.6 Hz), 2.03 (3H, s), 2.04 (1H, m), 2.69 (1H, dd, J=5.8, 14.3 Hz), 2.88 (1H, dd, J=7.1, 14.3 Hz), 3.42 (1H, m), 4.23 (1H, dd, J=7.8, 13.7 Hz), 4.38-4.53 (5H, m), 5.78 (1H, m), 5.83 (1H, s), 6.31 (1H, m), 6.57 (1H, d, J=2.3 Hz), 7.02-7.07 (2H, m), 7.19-7.38 (8H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₃₁H₃₃N₃O₄FCl Calculated C, 65.78; H, 5.88; N, 7.42. Found C, 65.62; H, 5.90; N, 7.71.

EXAMPLE 41 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-2-oxo-1-propyl-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.95 (3H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 1.67 (2H, m) 2.02 (3H, s), 2.69 (1H, dd, J=5.8, 14.3 Hz), 2.89 (1H, dd, J=7.1, 14.3 Hz), 3.60 (1H, m), 4.19 (1H, m), 4.39-4.52 (5H, m), 5.73 (1H, s), 5.79 (1H, m), 6.32 (1H, m), 6.56 (1H, d, J=2.3 Hz), 7.02-7.06 (2H, m), 7.21-7.39 (8H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₃₀H₃₁N₃O₄FCl Calculated C, 65.27; H, 5.66; N, 7.61. Found C, 65.21; H, 5.78; N, 7.35.

EXAMPLE 42 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-2-oxo-1-(2-thienylmethyl)-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 2.02 (3H, s), 2.69 (1H, dd, J=5.7, 14.4 Hz), 2.92 (1H, dd, J=7.3, 14.4 Hz), 4.38-4.52 (5H, m), 4.86 (1H, d, J=15.1 Hz), 5.37 (1H, s), 5.67 (1H, d, J=15.1 Hz), 5.70 (1H, m), 6.27 (1H, m), 6.50 (1H, d, J=2.1 Hz), 6.91-7.05 (6H, m), 7.23-7.38 (7H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₃₂H₂₉N₃O₄SFCl Calculated C, 63.41; H, 4.82; N, 6.93. Found C, 63.21; H, 4.86; N, 7.22.

The compounds of the following Examples 43 and 44 were respectively synthesized by the same method as in Example 3 and using the compounds obtained in Reference Examples 14 and 15 and methyl chlorocarbonate.

EXAMPLE 43 methyl [3-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-3-[2-[(2-fluorobenzyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-1-isobutyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-5-yl]benzyl]carbamate

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.90 (3H, d, J=6.6 Hz), 0.98 (3H, d, J=6.6 Hz), 2.04 (1H, m), 2.69 (1H, dd, J=5.8, 14.3 Hz), 2.89 (1H, dd, J=7.1, 14.3 Hz), 3.42 (1H, dd, J=6.4, 13.7 Hz), 3.70 (3H, s), 4.23 (1H, dd, J=7.8, 13.7 Hz), 4.37-4.50 (5H, m), 5.01 (1H, m), 5.83 (1H, s), 6.28 (1H, m), 6.57 (1H, d, J=2.1 Hz), 6.99-7.07 (2H, m), 7.19-7.40 (8H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₃₁H₃₃N₃O₅FCl Calculated C, 63.97; H, 5.71; N, 7.22. Found C, 63.87; H, 5.82; N, 7.34.

EXAMPLE 44 methyl [3-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-3-[2-[(2-fluorobenzyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-2-oxo-1-propyl-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-5-yl]benzyl]carbamate

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.95 (3H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 1.68 (2H, m), 2.69 (1H, dd, J=5.9, 14.3 Hz), 2.89 (1H, dd, J=7.0, 14.3 Hz), 3.60 (1H, m), 3.70 (3H, s), 4.20 (1H, m), 4.36-4.53 (5H, m), 5.00 (1H, m), 5.73 (1H, s), 6.27 (1H, m), 6.56 (1H, d, J=2.1 Hz), 6.99-7.07 (2H, m), 7.22-7.40 (8H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₃₀H₃₁N₃O₅FCl Calculated C, 63.43; H, 5.50; N, 7.40. Found C, 63.34; H, 5.54; N, 7.18.

EXAMPLE 45 3-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-3-[2-[(2-fluorobenzyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-1(5H)-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropyl acetate

The title compound was synthesized by the same method as in Example 39 and using the compound obtained in Reference Example 21.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.97 (6H, s), 1.94 (3H, s), 2.02 (3H, s), 2.68 (1H, dd, J=5.8, 14.4 Hz), 2.87 (1H, dd, J=7.1, 14.4 Hz), 3.53 (1H, d, J=14.1 Hz), 3.75 (2H, s), 4.38-4.56 (6H, m), 5.93 (1H, m), 6.00 (1H, s), 6.25 (1H, m), 6.57 (1H, d, J=2.2 Hz), 7.02-7.08 (2H, m), 7.23-7.38 (8H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₃₄H₃₇N₃O₆FCl.0.25H₂O Calculated C, 63.55; H, 5.88; N, 6.54. Found C, 63.49; H, 5.87; N, 6.46.

EXAMPLE 46 3-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-3-[2-[(2-fluorobenzyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-5-[3-(methoxycarbonylaminomethyl)phenyl]-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-1(5H)-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropyl acetate

The title compound was synthesized by the same method as in Example 3 and using the compound obtained in Reference Example 21 and methyl chlorocarbonate.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.96 (3H, s), 0.97 (3H, s), 1.97 (3H, s), 2.68 (1H, dd, J=5.8, 14.4 Hz), 2.87 (1H, dd, J=7.1, 14.4 Hz), 3.52 (1H, d, J=14.1 Hz), 3.69 (3H, s), 3.76 (2H, m), 4.39 (2H, d, J=6.0 Hz), 4.43-4.56 (4H, m), 5.15 (1H, m), 6.00 (1H, s), 6.24 (1H, m), 6.57 (1H, d, J=2.0 Hz), 7.02-7.08 (2H, m), 7.22-7.38 (8H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₃₄H₃₇N₃O₇FCl.0.25H₂O Calculated C, 62.00; H, 5.74; N, 6.38. Found C, 62.05; H, 5.64; N, 6.21.

EXAMPLE 47 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide

To a solution of 3-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-3-[2-[(2-fluorobenzyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-1(5H)-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropyl acetate (0.22 g) obtained in Example 45 in a mixed solvent of ethanol (4 ml) and tetrahydrofuran (4 ml) was added 1N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (0.7 ml), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, washed with water and dried over anhydrous MgSO₄. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was recrystallized from hexane-ethanol to give the title compound (0.11 g) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.59 (3H, s), 1.04 (3H, s), 2.03 (3H, s), 2.69 (1H, dd, J=5.6, 14.5 Hz), 2.89 (1H, dd, J=7.4, 14.5 Hz), 3.15 (1H, m), 3.37 (1H, d, J=14.3 Hz), 3.50 (1H, m), 4.09 (1H, m), 4.40-4.49 (6H, m), 5.80 (1H, m), 5.87 (1H, s), 6.20 (1H, m), 6.57 (1H, d, J=2.0 Hz), 7.00-7.09 (2H, m), 7.17-7.41 (8H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₃₂H₃₅N₃O₅FCl.1.0H₂O Calculated C, 62.59; H, 6.07; N, 6.84. Found C, 62.98; H, 6.18; N, 6.50.

EXAMPLE 48 methyl [3-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-3-[2-[(2-fluorobenzyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-1-(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-5-yl]benzyl]carbamate

The title compound was synthesized by the same method as in Example 47 and using 3-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-3-[2-[(2-fluorobenzyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-5-[3-(methoxycarbonylaminomethyl)phenyl]-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-1(5H)-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropyl acetate obtained in Example 46.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.60 (3H, s), 1.04 (3H, s), 2.69 (1H, dd, J=5.7, 14.5 Hz), 2.88 (1H, dd, J=7.3, 14.5 Hz), 3.15 (1H, m), 3.37 (1H, d, J=14.3 Hz), 3.52 (1H, d, J=11.8 Hz), 3.70 (3H, s), 4.08 (1H, m), 4.37-4.54 (6H, m), 5.02 (1H, m), 5.88 (1H, s), 6.18 (1H, m), 6.57 (1H, d, J=1.8 Hz), 7.00-7.10 (2H, m), 7.19-7.41 (8H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₃₂H₃₅N₃O₆FCl Calculated C, 62.79; H, 5.76; N, 6.87. Found C, 62.73; H, 5.87; N, 6.72.

EXAMPLE 49 3-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-5-[3-(methoxycarbonylaminomethyl)phenyl]-2-oxo-3-[2-oxo-2-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]amino]ethyl]-2,3-dihydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-1(5H)-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropyl acetate

The title compound was synthesized by the same method as in Reference Example 14-(4) and Example 3 and using the compound obtained in Reference Example 22.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.95 (3H, s), 0.97 (3H, s), 1.96 (3H, s), 2.69 (1H, dd, J=5.6, 14.5 Hz), 2.89 (1H, dd, J=7.3, 14.5 Hz), 3.52 (1H, d, J=14.1 Hz), 3.69 (3H, s), 3.76 (2H, m), 4.38-4.43 (3H, m), 4.49 (1H, d, J=14.1 Hz), 4.53-4.70 (2H, m), 5.15 (1H, m), 6.00 (1H, s), 6.28 (1H, m), 6.58 (1H, d, J=1.9 Hz), 7.23-7.52 (9H, m), 7.63 (1H, d, J=7.5 Hz).

Elemental analysis for C₃₅H₃₇N₃O₇F₃Cl Calculated C, 59.70; H, 5.30; N, 5.97. Found C, 59.45; H, 5.30; N, 5.80.

EXAMPLE 50 methyl [3-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-1-(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)-2-oxo-3-[2-oxo-2-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]amino]ethyl]-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-5-yl]benzyl]carbamate

The title compound was synthesized by the same method as in Example 47 and using the compound obtained in Example 49.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.60 (3H, s), 1.04 (3H, s), 2.71 (1H, dd, J=5.5, 14.6 Hz), 2.91 (1H, dd, J=7.5, 14.6 Hz), 3.15 (1H, m), 3.37 (1H, d, J=14.3 Hz), 3.49 (1H, dd, J=4.1, 11.9 Hz), 3.69 (3H, s), 4.06 (1H, m), 4.37-4.46 (4H, m), 4.61 (2H, d, J=6.0 Hz), 5.03 (1H, m), 5.87 (1H, s), 6.21 (1H, m), 6.58 (1H, d, J=2.0 Hz), 7.17-7.21 (2H, m), 7.32-7.41 (5H, m), 7.45-7.52 (2H, m), 7.64 (1H, d, J=7.7 Hz).

Elemental analysis for C₃₃H₃₅N₃O₆F₃Cl Calculated C, 59.86; H, 5.33; N, 6.35. Found C, 59.56; H, 5.38; N, 6.22.

EXAMPLE 51 3-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-5-[3-(methoxycarbonylaminomethyl)phenyl]-2-oxo-3-[2-oxo-2-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]amino]ethyl]-2,3-dihydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-1(5H)-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropyl methanesulfonate

To a solution of methyl [3-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-1-(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)-2-oxo-3-[2-oxo-2-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]amino]ethyl]-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-5-yl]benzyl]carbamate (0.25 g) obtained in Example 50 in dichloromethane (10 ml) were added methanesulfonyl chloride (0.17 g) and triethylamine (0.19 g), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hrs. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography, and recrystallized from hexane-ethyl acetate to give the title compound (0.22 g) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.97 (3H, s), 1.02 (3H, s), 2.69 (1H, dd, J=5.8, 14.6 Hz), 2.87 (1H, dd, J=7.1, 14.6 Hz), 2.92 (3H, s), 3.53 (1H, d, J=14.3 Hz), 3.69 (3H, s) 3.92-3.99 (2H, m), 4.38 (2H, d, J=5.9 Hz), 4.44 (1H, m), 4.49 (1H, d, J=14.3 Hz), 4.52-4.64 (2H, m), 5.10 (1H, m), 5.95 (1H, s), 6.23 (1H, m), 6.60 (1H, d, J=2.2 Hz), 7.22-7.51 (9H, m), 7.63 (1H, d, J=7.7 Hz).

Elemental analysis for C₃₄H₃₇N₃O₈SF₃Cl Calculated C, 55.17; H, 5.04; N, 5.68. Found C, 54.90; H, 5.12; N, 5.79.

In the same manner as in Example 4, 3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepine-3-acetic acid and various amines were condensed to give the following compounds of Examples 52 to 56.

EXAMPLE 52 methyl 4-trans-[[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]acetylaminomethyl]cyclohexanecarboxylate

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.85-0.95 (11H, m), 1.28-1.41 (3H, m) 1.76 (2H, m), 1.93 (2H, m), 2.04 (3H, s), 2.18 (1H, m), 2.66 (1H, dd, J=5.1, 14.1 Hz), 2.83 (1H, dd, J=7.5, 14.1 Hz), 3.03 (1H, m), 3.11 (1H, m), 3.35 (1H, d, J=13.8 Hz), 3.66 (3H, s), 4.37 (1H, m), 4.44-4.49 (3H, m), 5.97 (2H, m), 6.11 (1H, m), 6.58 (1H, d, J=2.0 Hz), 7.22-7.43 (6H, m).

EXAMPLE 53 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-cyclohexylacetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.92 (9H, s), 1.10-1.36 (6H, m), 1.66-1.71 (2H, m), 1.83-1.89 (2H, m), 2.04 (3H, s), 2.59 (1H, dd, J=6.0, 14.1 Hz), 2.78 (1H, dd, J=7.0, 14.1 Hz), 3.35 (1H, d, J=13.8 Hz), 3.71 (1H, m), 4.39-4.50 (4H, m), 5.71 (1H, d, J=7.9 Hz), 5.79 (1H, m), 5.98 (1H, s), 6.56 (1H, d, J=2.1 Hz), 7.26-7.43 (6H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₃₁H₄₀N₃O₄Cl.1.5H₂O Calculated C, 64.07; H, 7.46; N, 7.23. Found C, 63.97; H, 7.27; N, 6.99.

EXAMPLE 54 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-thienylmethyl) acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.91 (9H, s), 2.03 (3H, s), 2.68 (1H, dd, J=5.7, 14.3 Hz), 2.78 (1H, dd, J=7.2, 14.3 Hz), 3.35 (1H, d, J=13.9 Hz), 4.40-4.54 (5H, m), 4.66 (1H, dd, J=5.9, 15.3 Hz), 5.78 (1H, m), 5.98 (1H, s), 6.29 (1H, m), 6.57 (1H, d, J=1.7 Hz), 6.91-6.93 (2H, m), 7.19-7.41 (7H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₃₀H₃₄N₃O₄SCl.10.25H₂O Calculated C, 62.92; H, 6.07; N, 7.34. Found C, 62.97; H, 6.07; N, 7.40.

EXAMPLE 55 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(3-thienylmethyl)acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.91 (9H, s), 2.03 (3H, s), 2.69 (1H, dd, J=5.7, 14.3 Hz), 2.86 (1H, dd, J=7.2, 14.3 Hz), 3.35 (1H, d, J=13.8 Hz), 4.33-4.51 (6H, m), 5.79 (1H, m), 5.98 (1H, s), 6.23 (1H, m), 6.57 (1H, d, J=2.1 Hz), 6.96 (1H, m), 7.11 (1H, m), 7.19-7.42 (7H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₃₀H₃₄N₃O₄SCl Calculated C, 63.42; H, 6.03; N, 7.40. Found C, 63.11; H, 6.21; N, 7.27.

EXAMPLE 56 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-furylmethyl)acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.91 (9H, s), 2.03 (3H, s), 2.68 (1H, dd, J=5.9, 14.4 Hz), 2.85 (1H, dd, J=7.1, 14.4 Hz), 3.35 (1H, d, J=13.9 Hz), 4.32 (1H, dd, J=5.1, 15.5 Hz), 4.40-4.53 (5H, m), 5.80 (1H, m), 5.98 (1H, s), 6.19-6.23 (2H, m), 6.30 (1H, m), 6.57 (1H, d, J=2.1 Hz), 7.20-7.42 (7H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₃₀H₃₄N₃O₅Cl Calculated C, 65.27; H, 6.21; N, 7.61. Found C, 64.95; H, 6.48; N, 7.56.

EXAMPLE 57 4-trans-[[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]acetylaminomethyl]cyclohexanecarboxylic acid

To a solution of methyl 4-trans-[[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]acetylaminomethyl]cyclohexanecarboxylate (0.18 g) obtained in Example 52 in a mixed solvent of methanol (5 ml) and tetrahydrofuran (5 ml) was added 1N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (0.44 ml), and the mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 18 hrs. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was neutralized with 1N hydrochloric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, washed with water and dried over anhydrous MgSO₄. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was crystallized from diethyl ether to give the title compound (0.14 g) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 0.85 (9H, s), 0.86 (2H, m), 1.20-1.28 (3H, m), 1.68 (2H, m), 1.85 (3H, s), 1.86 (2H, m), 2.09 (1H, m), 2.54-2.58 (2H, m), 2.81-2.93 (2H, m), 3.58 (1H, d, J=13.8 Hz), 4.27-4.29 (4H, m), 5.84 (1H, s), 6.39 (1H, s), 7.15 (1H, s), 7.20 (1H, m), 7.31 (1H, d, J=7.0 Hz), 7.42 (1H, m), 7.55 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.75 (1H, d, J=8.7 Hz), 7.88 (1H, m), 8.36 (1H, m), 11.97 (1H, s).

Elemental analysis for C₃₃H₄₂N₃O₆Cl.0.5H₂O Calculated C, 63.81; H, 6.98; N, 6.76. Found C, 64.11; H, 7.17; N, 6.82.

EXAMPLE 58 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide

To a solution of 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide (0.15 g) obtained in Reference Example 3 in methanol (10 ml) were added 10% palladium carbon (0.04 g) and ammonium formate (0.05 g), and the mixture was heated under reflux for 2 hrs. Palladium carbon was filtered off, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography, and the residue was recrystallized from hexane-ethyl acetate to give the title compound (0.07 g) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.91 (9H, s), 2.02 (3H, s), 2.69 (1H, dd, J=5.6, 14.2 Hz), 2.89 (1H, dd, J=7.3, 14.2 Hz), 3.42 (1H, d, J=13.8 Hz), 4.38-4.50 (6H, m), 5.76 (1H, m), 6.03 (1H, s), 6.38 (1H, m), 6.59 (1H, d, J=7.5 Hz), 7.00-7.05 (2H, m), 7.13 (1H, m), 7.21-7.38 (8H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₃₂H₃₆N₃O₄F Calculated C, 70.44; H, 6.65; N, 7.70. Found C, 70.23; H, 6.74; N, 7.53.

EXAMPLE 59 2-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-5-[3-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-ylmethyl)phenyl]-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide

To a solution of 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(aminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide hydrochloride (0.25 g) obtained in Example 6 of JP-A-11-209356 in pyridine (5 ml) was added N′-[(dimethylamino)methylene]-N,N-dimethylhydrazonoformamide (0.19 g), and the mixture was stirred with heating at 100° C. for 24 hrs. After evaporation of the solvent, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound (0.18 g) as a colorless amorphous solid.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.90 (9H, s), 2.68 (1H, dd, J=5.7, 14.5 Hz), 2.88 (1H, dd, J=7.2, 14.5 Hz), 3.35 (1H, d, J=13.9 Hz), 4.39-4.52 (4H, m), 5.20 (2H, s), 5.99 (1H, s), 6.26 (1H, m), 6.48 (1H, d, J=2.2 Hz), 7.01-7.44 (10H, m), 8.18 (2H, s).

Elemental analysis for C₃₂H₃₃N₅O₃FCl0.5AcOEt Calculated C, 64.40; H, 5.88; N, 11.04. Found C, 64.19; H, 5.94; N, 11.21.

EXAMPLE 60 2-[3,5-trans-7-chloro-5-[3-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)phenyl]-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide

2-[3,5-trans-7-Chloro-5-[3-(chloromethyl)phenyl]-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide (0.3 g) obtained in Reference Example 26 was dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (3 ml), and potassium carbonate (0.11 g) and imidazole (44 mg) were added at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 8 hrs. Ethyl acetate was added, and the reaction mixture was washed with 5% aqueous potassium hydrogensulfate solution, saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution and brine, and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was purified by column chromatography (developing solvent: ethyl acetate-methanol (10:1)] to give the title compound (0.20 g) as a colorless amorphous solid.

Elemental analysis for C₃₃H₃₄N₄O₃ClF.0.5H₂O Calculated: C, 66.27; H, 5.90; N, 9.37. Found: C, 66.19; H, 6.08; N, 9.07.

The compounds of the following Examples 61 to 65 were respectively synthesized by the same method as in Example 39 and using the compounds obtained in Reference Examples 27 to 31.

EXAMPLE 61 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-(6-methoxy-2-naphthylmethyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃)δ: 1.99 (3H, s), 2.72 (1H, dd, J=5.7, 14.4 Hz), 2.94 (1H, dd, J=7.3, 14.4 Hz), 3.91 (3H, s), 4.29 (2H, d, J=5.6 Hz), 4.38-4.57 (3H, m), 4.95 (1H, d, J=14.7 Hz), 5.36 (1H, s), 5.57 (1H, d, J=14.7 Hz), 5.59 (1H, m), 6.25 (1H, m), 6.45 (1H, s), 6.74 (1H, brs), 6.94-7.04 (3H, m), 7.12-7.33 (9H, m), 7.61-7.69 (3H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₃₉H₃₅N₃O₅FCl Calculated C, 68.87; H, 5.19; N, 6.18. Found C, 68.64; H, 5.17; N, 6.02.

EXAMPLE 62 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-2-oxo-1-(quinolin-2-ylmethyl)-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 2.00 (3H, s), 2.75 (1H, dd, J=5.7, 14.4 Hz), 2.93 (1H, dd, J=7.2, 14.4 Hz), 4.34-4.56 (4H, m), 4.62 (1H, m), 5.32 (1H, d, J=15.7 Hz), 5.52 (1H, d, J=15.7 Hz), 5.72 (1H, m), 6.28 (2H, m), 6.55 (1H, d, J=2.0 Hz), 6.95-7.00 (2H, m), 7.19-7.55 (10H, m), 7.67 (1H, m), 7.79 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.97 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 8.13 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz).

Elemental analysis for C₃₇H₃₂N₄O₄FCl Calculated C, 68.25; H, 4.95; N, 8.60. Found C, 68.20; H, 4.74; N, 8.47.

EXAMPLE 63 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-(9H-fluoren-2-ylmethyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.92 (3H, s), 2.71 (1H, dd, J=5.9, 14.4 Hz), 2.93 (1H, dd, J=7.2, 14.4 Hz), 3.83 (2H, s), 4.12 (1H, dd, J=5.7, 14.7 Hz), 4.23 (1H, dd, J=5.9, 14.7 Hz), 4.42-4.56 (3H, m), 4.87 (1H, d, J=14.5 Hz), 5.31 (1H, s), 5.45 (1H, m), 5.53 (1H, d, J=14.5 Hz), 6.24 (1H, m), 6.46 (1H, d, J=1.6 Hz), 6.73 (1H, brs), 6.97-7.04 (3H, m), 7.19-7.38 (9H, m), 7.46 (1H, s), 7.53 (1H, d, J=7.3 Hz), 7.69 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz), 7.77 (1H, d, J=7.3 Hz).

Elemental analysis for C₄₁H₃₅N₃O₄FCl Calculated C, 71.56; H, 5.13; N, 6.11. Found C, 71.41; H, 5.11; N, 5.95.

EXAMPLE 64 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-7-chloro-1-[5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-furylmethyl]-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.95 (3H, s), 2.71 (1H, dd, J=6.0, 14.4 Hz), 2.91 (1H, dd, J=7.0, 14.4 Hz), 3.91 (3H, s), 4.09 (2H, d, J=5.6 Hz), 4.38-4.57 (3H, m), 4.73 (1H, d, J=15.3 Hz), 5.43 (1H, m), 5.56 (1H, s), 5.66 (1H, d, J=15.3 Hz), 6.27 (1H, m), 6.36 (1H, d, J=3.2 Hz), 6.49 (1H, s), 6.75 (1H, s), 6.83 (1H, d, J=3.2 Hz), 6.89-7.07 (5H, m), 7.20-7.27 (5H, m), 7.39-7.40 (2H, m), 7.50 (1H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₃₉H₃₅N₃O₆FCl Calculated C, 67.29; H, 5.07; N, 6.04. Found C, 67.07; H, 5.10; N, 5.93.

EXAMPLE 65 2-[3,5-trans-5-[3-(acetylaminomethyl)phenyl]-1-(2,3′-bithien-5-ylmethyl)-7-chloro-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.93 (3H, s), 2.71 (1H, dd, J=5.9, 14.4 Hz), 2.92 (1H, dd, J=7.2, 14.4 Hz), 4.25 (2H, m), 4.40-4.52 (3H, m), 4.81 (1H, d, J=15.0 Hz), 5.42 (1H, s), 5.57 (1H, m), 5.65 (1H, d, J=15.0 Hz), 6.26 (1H, m), 6.52 (1H, d, J=2.1 Hz), 6.85 (1H, d, J=3.5 Hz), 6.90 (1H, s), 6.99-7.05 (4H, m), 7.23-7.40 (9H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₃₆H₃₁N₃O₄S₂FCl Calculated C, 62.83; H, 4.54; N, 6.11. Found C, 62.55; H, 4.56; N, 5.87.

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 1B tert-butyl 3-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4H-1,4-benzodiazepine-4-carboxylate

(1) To a solution of 2-aminobenzylamine (16.2 g) in tetrahydrofuran (300 ml) was added a solution of di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (30.6 g) in tetrahydrofuran (100 ml) at 0° C., and the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 hr. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was recrystallized from hexane-chloroform to give tert-butyl 2-aminobenzylcarbamate (26.8 g) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.44 (9H, s), 4.24 (2H, d, J=6.2 Hz), 4.30 (2H, brs), 4.76 (1H, brs), 6.67-6.71 (2H, m), 7.03 (1H, d, J=7.7 Hz), 7.10 (1H, m).

(2) To a solution of the compound (12.0 g) obtained in the aforementioned (1) in methanol (80 ml) were added pivalaldehyde (4.8 g) and acetic acid (8 ml), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr. Further, sodium cyanotrihydroborate (10.2 g) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 hrs. After evaporation of the solvent, ethyl acetate was added and the mixture was washed with water and dried over anhydrous MgSO₄. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give tert-butyl 2-(neopentylamino)benzylcarbamate (14.8 g) as a colorless oil.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.03 (9H, s), 1.44 (9H, s), 2.90 (2H, s), 4.27 (2H, d, J=6.0 Hz), 4.50 (1H, brs), 4.66 (1H, brs), 6.60 (1H, m), 6.65 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 7.02 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz), 7.18 (1H, m).

(3) To a solution of the compound (14.8 g) obtained in the aforementioned (2) in tetrahydrofuran (250 ml) was added triethylamine (7.7 g), and then a solution of ethyl (E)-4-chloro-4-oxo-2-butenoate (8.6 g) in tetrahydrofuran (50 ml) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 hrs. After evaporation of the solvent, ethyl acetate was added and the mixture was washed with water. The organic layer was further washed with 1N hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution and dried over anhydrous MgSO₄. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (250 ml). A 4N solution (250 ml) of hydrogen chloride in ethyl acetate was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hrs. After evaporation of the solvent, the residue was dissolved in ethanol (250 ml), and potassium carbonate (20.1 g) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr. After evaporation of the solvent, ethyl acetate was added and the mixture was washed with water and dried over anhydrous MgSO₄. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give ethyl (1-neopentyl-2-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl)acetate (11.5 g) as brown crystals.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.81 (9H, s), 1.21 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 1.95 (1H, brs), 2.55 (1H, dd, J=6.1, 16.7 Hz), 2.81 (1H, dd, J=7.0, 16.7 Hz), 3.33 (1H, d, J=13.8 Hz), 3.65 (1H, m), 3.85 (1H, d, J=12.2 Hz), 4.08 (2H, q, J=7.0 Hz), 4.20 (1H, d, J=12.2 Hz), 4.40 (1H, d, J=13.8 Hz), 7.21-7.36 (4H, m).

(4) To a solution of the compound (11.5 g) obtained in the aforementioned (3) in tetrahydrofuran (250 ml) was added di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (15.9 g), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hrs. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound (15.0 g) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.81 (9H, s), 1.20 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 1.46 (9H, s), 1.90 (1H, m), 2.34 (1H, m), 3.60 (1H, m), 4.05 (2H, m), 4.21 (1H, m), 4.40 (1H, m), 4.83 (1H, m), 5.00 (1H, m), 7.22 (1H, m), 7.31-7.40 (3H, m).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 2B [4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl]acetic acid

To a solution of the compound (15.0 g) obtained in Reference Example 1B in a mixed solvent of ethanol (160 ml) and tetrahydrofuran (160 ml) was added 2N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (23 ml), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hrs. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was neutralized with 2N hydrochloric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, washed with water and dried over anhydrous MgSO₄. The solvent was evaporated to give the title compound (13.9 g) as a colorless amorphous solid.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 0.73 (9H, s), 1.41 (9H, s), 1.99 (2H, m), 3.71 (1H, m), 4.01 (1H, m), 4.27 (1H, m), 4.72-4.77 (2H, m), 7.27 (1H, m), 7.40-7.49 (2H, m), 7.56 (1H, m), 12.20 (1H, brs).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 3B tert-butyl 3-[2-[(2-fluorobenzyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4H-1,4-benzodiazepine-4-carboxylate

To a solution of the compound (13.9 g) obtained in Reference Example 2B in dimethylformamide (150 ml) were added 2-fluorobenzylamine (5.7 g), 1-hydroxy-1H-benzotriazole (5.7 g) and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (10.4 g), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 hrs. Ethyl acetate was added to the reaction mixture and the mixture was washed with water and dried over anhydrous MgSO₄. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound (16.3 g) as a colorless amorphous solid.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.79 (9H, s), 1.45 (9H, s), 1.93 (1H, m), 2.18 (1H, m), 3.49 (1H, m), 4.17 (1H, m), 4.34-4.43 (3H, m), 4.80 (1H, m), 5.02 (1H, m), 7.01-7.10 (2H, m), 7.20-7.38 (6H, m).

EXAMPLE 1B N-(2-fluorobenzyl)-2-(4-isonicotinoyl-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl)acetamide

(1) To a solution of the compound (16.3 g) obtained in Reference Example 3B in ethyl acetate (150 ml) was added a 4N solution (150 ml) of hydrogen chloride in ethyl acetate, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was washed with diethyl ether to give N-(2-fluorobenzyl)-2-(1-neopentyl-2-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl)acetamide hydrochloride (13.4 g) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 0.75 (9H, s), 2.60 (1H, dd, J=3.7, 15.8 Hz), 3.04 (1H, dd, J=9.4, 15.8 Hz), 3.57 (1H, d, J=13.9 Hz), 3.83 (1H, m), 3.98 (1H, d, J=13.1 Hz), 4.17-4.25 (3H, m), 4.42 (1H, d, J=13.1 Hz), 7.12-7.18 (2H, m), 7.26-7.40 (3H, m), 7.51-7.60 (2H, m), 7.69 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 8.72 (1H, m), 10.45 (1H, brs), 10.70 (1H, brs).

(2) To a solution of the compound (1.2 g) obtained in the aforementioned (1) in dimethylformamide (35 ml) were added isonicotinic acid (0.68 g), 1-hydroxy-1H-benzotriazole 0.48 g), triethylamine (0.42 g) and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (1.0 g), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 40 hrs. Ethyl acetate was added to the reaction mixture and the mixture was washed with water and dried over anhydrous MgSO₄. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography and recrystallized from hexane-tetrahydrofuran to give the title compound (1.2 g) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.80 (9H, s), 2.04 (1H, m), 2.50 (1H, m), 3.62 (1H, m), 4.15 (1H, m), 4.42-4.58 (4H, m), 5.18 (1H, m), 6.60 (1H, brs), 6.99-7.50 (10H, m), 8.75 (2H, d, J=4.8 Hz).

Elemental analysis for C₂₉H₃₁N₄O₃F.0.5H₂O Calculated C, 68.08; H, 6.41; N, 10.76. Found C, 67.90; H, 6.23; N, 10.61.

In the same manner as in Example 1B, the compounds of the following Examples 2B to 17B and Reference Examples 4B to 5B were synthesized.

EXAMPLE 2B N-(2-fluorobenzyl)-2-[1-neopentyl-2-oxo-4-(3-pyridylcarbonyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl]acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.80 (9H, s), 2.00 (1H, m), 2.48 (1H, m), 3.66 (1H, m), 4.17 (1H, m), 4.42 (2H, d, J=4.5 Hz), 4.61 (2H, m), 5.20 (1H, m), 6.65 (1H, brs), 6.99-7.43 (9H, m), 7.81 (1H, m), 8.73 (2H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₂₉H₃₁N₄O₃F Calculated C, 69.30; H, 6.22; N, 11.15. Found C, 69.16; H, 6.48; N, 10.91.

EXAMPLE 3B N-(2-fluorobenzyl)-2-[1-neopentyl-2-oxo-4-(2-pyridylcarbonyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl]acetamide

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆ ) δ: 0.75 (9H, s), 1.66 (1H, m), 2.40 (1H, m), 3.59 (1H, m), 4.07-4.16 (3H, m), 4.50 (1H, m), 4.80 (1H, m), 5.20 (1H, m), 7.11-7.30 (6H, m), 7.32-7.60 (3H, m), 7.69 (1H, m), 7.98 (1H, m), 8.12 (1H, m), 8.40-8.80 (1H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₂₉H₃₁N₄O₃F Calculated C, 69.30; H, 6.22; N, 11.15. Found C, 69.21; H, 6.19; N, 10.86.

EXAMPLE 4B N-(2-fluorobenzyl)-2-[1-neopentyl-2-oxo-4-(4-quinolinylcarbonyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl]acetamide

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 0.73 (9H, s), 1.78 (1H, m), 2.38 (1H, m), 3.56 (1H, m), 4.00-4.55 (5H, m), 5.28-5.50 (1H, m), 6.64 (1H, m), 7.14 (3H, m), 7.28 (2H, m), 7.46-7.70 (5H, m), 7.87 (1H, m), 8.14-8.29 (2H, m), 8.80-9.05 (1H, m).

EXAMPLE 5B N-(2-fluorobenzyl)-2-[1-neopentyl-2-oxo-4-(3-thienylcarbonyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl]acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.81 (9H, s), 2.00 (1H, m), 2.41 (1H, m), 3.58 (1H, m), 4.20 (1H, m), 4.42 (2H, d, J=5.5 Hz), 4.60-4.85 (2H, m), 5.20 (1H, m), 6.85 (1H, brs), 7.04-7.11 (3H, m), 7.18-7.43 (7H, m), 7.63 (1H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₂₈H₃₀N₃O₃FS Calculated C, 66.25; H. 5.96; N, 8.28. Found C, 66.06; H, 6.00; N, 8.35.

EXAMPLE 6B N-(2-fluorobenzyl)-2-[4-(3-furoyl)-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl]acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.82 (9H, s), 1.93 (1H, m), 2.31 (1H, m), 3.53 (1H, m), 4.23 (1H, m), 4.42 (2H, d, J=5.8 Hz), 4.70 (1H, m), 4.92 (1H, m), 5.25 (1H, m), 6.65 (1H, m), 7.02-7.11 (2H, m), 7.17-7.48 (8H, m), 7.83 (1H, s).

Elemental analysis for C₂₈H₃₀N₃O₄F Calculated C, 68.42; H, 6.15; N, 8.55. Found C, 68.35; H, 5.98; N, 8.34.

EXAMPLE 7B 2-(4-benzoyl-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl)-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.80 (9H, s), 2.00 (1H, m), 2.43 (1H, m), 3.62 (1H, m), 4.20 (1H, m), 4.43 (2H, d, J=4.6 Hz), 4.60 (2H, m), 5.21 (1H, m), 6.95 (1H, brs), 6.98-7.11 (3H, m), 7.17-7.24 (2H, m), 7.32-7.47 (8H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₃₀H₃₂N₃O₃F Calculated C, 71.84; H, 6.43; N, 8.38. Found C, 71.51; H, 6.20; N, 8.15.

EXAMPLE 8B N-(2-fluorobenzyl)-2-[1-neopentyl-2-oxo-4-(2-pyrazinylcarbonyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl]acetamide

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 0.74 (9H, s), 1.68 (1H, m), 2.27 (1H, m), 3.58 (1H, m), 4.09-4.14 (3H, m), 4.51 (1H, m), 4.82 (1H, m), 5.25 (1H, m), 7.14-7.40 (6H, m), 7.48-7.51 (2H, m), 8.13 (1H, brs), 8.50-8.80 (2H, m), 8.91 (1H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₂₈H₃₀N₅O₃F Calculated C, 66.78; H, 6.00; N, 13.91. Found C, 66.61; H, 5.95; N, 13.75.

EXAMPLE 9B N-(2-fluorobenzyl)-2-[1-neopentyl-2-oxo-4-(1H-pyrrol-2-ylcarbonyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl]acetamide

hu 1H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.83 (9H, s), 1.92 (1H, m), 2.26 (1H, m), 3.50 (1H, m), 4.28 (1H, m), 4.42 (2H, m), 4.80 (1H, m), 5.22 (1H, d, J=13.0 Hz), 5.43 (1H, m), 6.31 (1H, m), 6.75 (1H, m), 6.96-7.08 (3H, m), 7.19-7.43 (6H, m), 7.48 (1H, m), 9.51 (1H, brs).

Elemental analysis for C₂₈H₃₁N₄O₃F Calculated C, 68.55; H, 6.37; N, 11.42. Found C, 68.25; H, 6.34; N, 11.42.

EXAMPLE 10B 2-[4-[(2,4-dimethyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)carbonyl]-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.80 (9H, s), 2.00 (1H, m), 2.44 (3H, s), 2.48 (1H, m), 2.71 (3H, s), 3.68 (1H, m), 4.10 (1H, m), 4.43 (2H, d, J=5.5 Hz), 4.65 (2H, m), 5.13 (1H, m), 6.50 (1H, m), 7.02-7.11 (3H, m), 7.20-7.42 (5H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₂₉H₃₃N₄O₃FS.0.5H₂O Calculated C, 63.83; H, 6.28; N. 10.27. Found C, 63.82; H, 6.35; N, 9.99.

EXAMPLE 11B N-(2-fluorobenzyl)-2-[1-neopentyl-2-oxo-4-(4-pyridylacetyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl]acetamide

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 0.73 (9H, s), 1.46 (1H, m), 1.98 (1H, m), 3.33 (1H, m), 3.56 (1H, m), 3.80-4.25 (5H, m), 4.43 (1H, m), 4.94 (1H, m), 5.23 (1H, m), 7.10-7.30 (7H, m), 7.46-7.50 (2H, m), 8.11 (1H, m), 8.51 (2H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₃₀H₃₃N₄O₃F.0.5H₂O Calculated C, 68.55; H, 6.52; N, 10.66. Found C, 68.79; H, 6.27; N, 10.41.

EXAMPLE 12B N-(2-fluorobenzyl)-2-[1-neopentyl-2-oxo-4-(3-pyridylacetyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl]acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.79 (9H, s), 1.66 (1H, m), 1.80-2.20 (1H, m), 3.22-3.48 (1H, m), 3.88 (2H, m), 4.31-4.40 (3H, m), 4.60 (1H, m), 5.10-5.40 (2H, m), 6.78 (1H, m), 7.01-7.42 (9H, m), 7.59 (1H, m), 8.51 (2H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₃₀H₃₃N₄O₃F.0.5H₂O Calculated C, 68.55; H, 6.52; N, 10.66. Found C, 68.71; H, 6.28; N, 10.59.

EXAMPLE 13B 2-[4-(2-chloroisonicotinoyl)-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.80 (9H, s), 2.03 (1H, m), 2.48 (1H, m), 3.63 (1H, m), 4.18 (1H, m), 4.42-4.57 (4H, m), 5.15 (1H, m), 6.44 (1H, m), 7.00-7.13 (3H, m), 7.22-7.44 (7H, m), 8.53 (1H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₂₉H₃₀N₄O₃FCl Calculated C, 64.86; H, 5.63; N, 10.43. Found C, 64.79; H, 5.71; N, 10.30.

EXAMPLE 14B N-(2-fluorobenzyl)-2-[4-(2-methylisonicotinoyl)-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl]acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃)δ: 0.80 (9H, s), 2.00 (1H, m), 2.42 (1H, m), 2.64 (3H, s), 3.60 (1H, m), 4.20 (1H, m), 4.41-4.57 (4H, m), 5.20 (1H, m), 6.40 (1H, m), 6.99-7.43 (10H, m), 8.63 (1H, d, J=4.7 Hz).

Elemental analysis for C₃₀H₃₃N₄O₃F Calculated C, 69.75; H, 6.44; N, 10.85. Found C, 69.66; H, 6.49; N, 11.00.

EXAMPLE 15B 4-[[3-[2-[(2-fluorobenzyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4H-1,4-benzodiazepin-4-yl]carbonyl]-2-pyridinecarboxamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.80 (9H, s), 1.91 (1H, m), 2.48 (1H, m), 3.70 (1H, m), 4.10-4.60 (4H, m), 5.20 (1H, m), 5.72 (1H, m), 6.50 (1H, m), 6.98-7.46 (8H, m), 7.56 (1H, m), 7.82 (1H, m), 8.25 (1H, m), 8.72 (1H, d, J=4.7 Hz).

Elemental analysis for C₃₀H₃₂N₅O₄F.0.5H₂O Calculated C, 64.99; H, 6.00; N, 12.63. Found C, 65.21; H, 6.05; N, 12.35.

EXAMPLE 16B 2-[4-[4-(acetylamino)benzoyl]-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.80 (9H, s), 2.15 (1H, m), 2.17 (3H, s), 2.50 (1H, m), 3.68 (1H, m), 4.10 (1H, m), 4.42 (2H, m), 4.61 (2H, m), 5.13 (1H, m), 6.98-7.38 (11H, m), 7.56 (2H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 7.91 (1H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₃₂H₃₅N₄O₄F Calculated C, 68.80; H, 6.31; N, 10.03. Found C, 68.59; H, 6.30; N, 10.17.

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 4B

2-[4-[3-(acetylamino)propanoyl]-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.79 (9H, s), 1.86 (1H, m), 1.94 (3H, s), 2.10 (1H, m), 2.67 (2H, m), 3.35-3.62 (3H, m), 4.20-4.70 (5H, m), 5.10-5.34 (1H, m), 6.10-6.50 (1H, m), 6.90-7.11 (3H, m), 7.21-7.45 (6H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₂₈H₃₅N₄O₄F.0.25H₂O Calculated C, 65.29; H, 6.95; N, 10.88. Found C, 65.19; H, 6.97; N, 10.89.

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 5B 2-[4-[(acetylamino)acetyl]-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.79 (9H, s), 1.79 (1H, m), 2.04 (3H, s), 2.06 (1H, m), 3.45 (1H, m), 4.02-4.65 (7H, m), 5.10-5.40 (1H, m), 6.53 (2H, m), 6.99-7.11 (2H, m), 7.21-7.44 (6H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₂₇H₃₃N₄O₄F.0.5H₂O Calculated C, 64.14; H, 6.78; N, 11.08. Found C, 64.40; H, 6.93; N, 11.07.

EXAMPLE 17B 2-[4-[(1-acetyl-4-piperidinyl)carbonyl]-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.80 (9H, s), 1.40-2.00 (6H, m), 2.09 (3H, s), 2.50-2.82 (1H, m), 2.90-3.50 (3H, m), 3.86 (1H, m), 4.33-4.70 (5H, m), 5.00-5.30 (2H, m), 6.85-7.49 (9H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₃₁H₃₉N₄O₄F.0.5H₂O Calculated C, 66.53; H, 7.20; N, 10.01. Found C, 66.61; H, 7.03; N, 10.29.

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 6B 2-(4-acetyl-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl)-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide

To a solution of the compound (0.15 g) obtained in Example 1B (1) in pyridine (6 ml) were added acetic anhydride (0.20 g) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.05 g), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 14 hrs. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography and recrystallized from hexane-ethyl acetate to give the title compound (0.11 g) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.80 (9H, s), 1.83 (1H, m), 2.08 (1H, m), 2.22 (3H, s), 3.23-3.50 (1H, m), 4.15-4.63 (5H, m), 5.18 (1H, m), 5.32 (1H, m), 7.03-7.12 (3H, m), 7.20-7.43 (5H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₂₅H₃₀N₃O₃F Calculated C, 68.32; H, 6.88; N, 9.56. Found C, 68.27; H, 6.97; N, 9.79.

EXAMPLE 18B N-(2-fluorobenzyl)-2-[1-neopentyl-4-(1-oxidoisonicotinoyl)-2-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl]acetamide

To a solution of N-(2-fluorobenzyl)-2-(4-isonicotinoyl-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl)acetamide (0.50 g) obtained in Example 1B (2) in chloroform (10 ml) was added 3-chloroperbenzoic acid (0.44 g), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 hrs. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography and recrystallized from methanol to give the title compound (0.50 g) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.80 (9H, s), 2.18 (1H, m), 2.50 (1H, m), 3.70 (1H, m), 4.05 (1H, m), 4.37-4.44 (2H, m), 4.56-4.70 (2H, m), 5.05 (1H, m), 6.60 (1H, m), 7.01-7.13 (3H, m), 7.18-7.43 (7H, m), 8.23 (2H, d, J=6.8 Hz).

Elemental analysis for C₂₉H₃₁N₄O₄F.0.5H₂O Calculated C, 66.02; H, 6.11; N, 10.62. Found C, 66.31; H, 6.13; N, 10.57.

EXAMPLE 19B 2-[4-(2-cyanoisonicotinoyl)-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide

To a solution of the compound (0.36 g) obtained in Example 18B in acetonitrile (10 ml) were added trimethylsilylnitrile (0.34 g) and N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl chloride (0.23 g), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 170 hrs. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography and recrystallized from hexane-ethyl acetate to give the title compound (0.31 g) as a colorless amorphous solid.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.80 (9H, s), 2.00 (1H, m), 2.50 (1H, m), 3.62 (1H, m), 4.15 (1H, m), 4.30-4.58 (4H, m), 5.07 (1H, m), 6.40 (1H, m), 7.01-7.15 (3H, m), 7.24-7.36 (4H, m), 7.45 (1H, m), 7.55 (1H, m), 7.71 (1H, m), 8.84 (1H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₃₀H₃₀N₅O₃F.0.25AcOEt Calculated C, 67.74; H, 5.87; N, 12.74. Found C, 67.77; H, 5.73; N, 12.75.

In the same manner as in Reference Examples 1B to 3B, the compounds of the following Reference Examples 7B and 8B were syntheseized.

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 7B tert-butyl 3-[2-[(2-fluorobenzyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-1-isobutyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4H-1,4-benzodiazepine-4-carboxylate

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.81 (3H, d, J=6.7 Hz), 0.85 (3H, d, J=6.7 Hz), 1.45 (9H, s), 1.91 (1H, m), 2.04 (1H, m), 2.26 (1H, m), 3.50 (1H, m), 3.98 (1H, m), 4.30 (1H, d, J=13.8 Hz), 4.40 (2H, m), 4.72 (1H, d, J=13.8 Hz), 5.00 (1H, m), 6.33 (1H, brs), 7.01-7.11 (2H, m), 7.20-7.42 (6H, m).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 8B tert-butyl 1-(2,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-3-[2-[(2-fluorobenzyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4H-1,4-benzodiazepine-4-carboxylate

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.43 (9H, s), 2.16 (1H, m), 2.32 (1H, m), 3.56 (3H, s), 3.75 (3H, s), 4.12 (1H, m), 4.40-4.45 (2H, m), 4.56 (1H, d, J=13.7 Hz), 4.85 (1H, d, J=15.0 Hz), 5.03 (1H, m), 5.13 (1H, d, J=15.0 Hz), 6.31 (1H, d, J=2.2 Hz), 6.39 (1H, dd, J=2.2, 8.3 Hz), 6.40 (1H, brs), 7.01-7.32 (9H, m).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 9B [4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-1-(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)-2-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl]acetic acid

In the same manner as in Reference Examples 1B and 2B, the title compound was synthesized.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 0.64 (3H, s), 0.65 (3H, s), 1.41 (9H, s), 2.00 (2H, m), 2.97 (2H, m), 3.72 (1H, m), 4.02 (1H, m), 4.26 (1H, m), 4.45 (1H, m), 4.71-4.79 (2H, m), 7.27 (1H, m), 7.39-7.55 (3H, m), 12.15 (1H, brs).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 10B tert-butyl 1-(3-acetoxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)-3-[2-[(2-fluorobenzyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4H-1,4-benzodiazepine-4-carboxylate

(1) To a solution of the compound (1.23 g) obtained in Reference Example 9B in tetrahydrofuran (30 ml) were added acetyl chloride (0.74 g) and pyridine 41.19 g), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hrs. Water (10 ml) was added, and the mixture was further stirred at room temperature for 16 hrs. Ethyl acetate was added, and the mixture was washed with water and 1N hydrochloric acid and dried over anhydrous MgSO₄. The solvent was evaporated to give {1-(3-acetoxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)-4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl]acetic acid (1.35 g) as a colorless amorphous solid.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 0.76 (3H, s), 0.79 (3H, s), 1.41 (9H, s), 1.91 (3H, s), 1.92-2.02 (2H, m), 3.52 (2H, m), 3.78 (1H, m), 4.06 (1H, m), 4.27 (1H, m), 4.70-4.79 (2H, m), 7.27 (1H, m), 7.39-7.49,(2H, m), 7.56 (1H, m), 12.18 (1H, brs).

(2) To a solution of the compound (0.73 g) obtained in the aforementioned (1) in dimethylformamide (15 ml) were added 2-fluorobenzylamine (0.41 g), 1-hydroxy-1H-benzotriazole (0.33 g) and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (0.62 g), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 hrs. Ethyl acetate was added and the mixture was washed with water and dried over anhydrous MgSO₄. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound (0.85 g) as a colorless amorphous solid.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃); δ: 0.87 (3H, s), 0.88 (3H, s), 1.45 (9H, s), 1.90 (1H, m), 1.94 (3H, s), 2.16 (1H, m), 3.55 (2H, m), 3.70 (1H, m), 4.25 (1H, m), 4.34-4.42 (3H, m), 4.80 (1H, m), 5.01 (1H, m), 7.01-7.11 (2H, m), 7.21-7.38 (7H, m).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 11B tert-butyl 1-(3-acetoxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)-2-oxo-3-[2-oxo-2-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]amino]ethyl]-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4H-1,4-benzodiazepine-4-carboxylate

The title compound was synthesized by the same method as in Reference Example 10B and using 2-(trifluoromethyl)benzylamine instead of 2-fluorobenzylamine.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.87 (6H, s), 1.45 (9H, s), 2.04 (3H, s), 2.22 (1H, m), 3.55 (2H, m), 3.70 (1H, m), 4.20 (1H, m), 4.38 (1H, m), 4.44-4.63 (3H, m), 4.80 (1H, m), 5.00 (1H, m), 7.19-7.40 (6H, m), 7.51 (2H, m), 7.62 (1H, m).

The compounds of the following Examples 20B to 29B were respectively synthesized by the same method as in Example 1B and using the compounds obtained in Reference Examples 3B, 7B, 8B, 10B and 11B.

EXAMPLE 20B 2-[4-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.80 (9H, s), 2.08 (1H, m), 2.52 (1H, m), 3.65 (1H, m), 4.17 (1H, m), 4.42-4.60 (4H, m), 5.16 (1H, m), 6.40 (1H, m), 7.00-7.12 (3H, m), 7.22-7.44 (5H, m), 7.94 (2H, s), 8.01 (1H, s).

Elemental analysis for C₃₂H₃₀N₃O₃F₇ Calculated C, 60.28; H, 4.74; N, 6.59. Found C, 60.30; H, 4.62; N, 6.42.

EXAMPLE 21B N-(2-fluorobenzyl)-2-(1-isobutyl-4-isonicotinoyl-2-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl)acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.83 (3H, d, J=6.8 Hz), 0.85 (3H, d, J=6.8 Hz), 1.94 (1H, m), 2.13 (1H, m), 2.52 (1H, m), 3.61 (1H, m), 3.96 (1H, dd, J=7.7, 13.6 Hz), 4.42-4.47 (4H, m), 5.16 (1H, m), 6.42 (1H, brs), 6.99-7.12 (3H, m), 7.20-7.44 (7H, m), 8.76 (2H, d, J=5.7 Hz).

Elemental analysis for C₂₈H₂₉N₄O₃F Calculated C, 68.84; H, 5.98; N, 11.47. Found C, 68.75; H, 6.01; N, 11.31.

EXAMPLE 22B 2-[1-(2,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-4-isonicotinoyl-2-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 2.25 (1H, m), 2.55 (1H, m), 3.51 (3H, s), 3.75 (3H, s), 4.23 (1H, d, J=13.7 Hz), 4.30 (1H, m), 4.45 (2H, d, J=5.8 Hz), 4.93 (1H, d, J=14.9 Hz), 5.15 (1H, d, J=14.9 Hz), 5.20 (1H, m), 6.29 (1H, d, J=2.3 Hz), 6.41 (1H, dd, J=2.3, 8.3 Hz), 6.42 (1H, m), 6.87 (1H, m), 7.08-7.37 (10H, m), 8.73 (2H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₃₃H₃₁N₄O₅F Calculated C, 68.03; H, 5.36; N, 9.62. Found C, 67.91; H, 5.52; N, 9.53.

EXAMPLE 23B N-(2-fluorobenzyl)-2-[1-isobutyl-4-(2-methylisonicotinoyl)-2-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl]acetamide

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.83 (3H, d, J=6.7 Hz), 0.86 (3H, d, J=6.7 Hz), 1.94 (1H, m), 2.12 (1H, m), 2.51 (1H, m), 2.63 (3H, s), 3.60 (1H, m), 3.98 (1H, dd, J=7.7, 13.5 Hz), 4.42-4.47 (4H, m), 5.17 (1H, m), 6.43 (1H, brs), 6.99-7.12 (4H, m), 7.20-7.32 (5H, m), 7.44 (1H, m), 8.63 (1H, d, J=4.9 Hz).

Elemental analysis for C₂₉H₃₁N₄O₃F Calculated C, 69.30; H, 6.22; N, 11.15. Found C, 69.11; H, 6.45; N, 10.94.

EXAMPLE 24B 3-[3-[2-[(2-fluorobenzyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-4-isonicotinoyl-2-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-1-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropyl acetate

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.86 (3H, s), 0.89 (3H, s), 1.95 (3H, s), 1.97 (1H, m), 2.50 (1H, m), 3.53-3.62 (2H, m), 3.76 (1H, m), 4.26 (1H, m), 4.42-4.60 (4H, m), 5.22 (1H, m), 6.55 (1H, m), 7.00-7.12 (3H, m), 7.21-7.42 (7H, m), 8.76 (2H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₃₁H₃₃N₄O₅F.0.25AcOEt Calculated C, 65.97; H, 6.05; N, 9.62. Found C, 66.01; H, 5.90; N, 9.45.

EXAMPLE 25B 3-[4-(2-chloroisonicotinoyl)-3-[2-[(2-fluorobenzyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-2-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-1-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropyl acetate

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.85 (3H, s), 0.89 (3H, s), 1.96 (3H, s), 1.97 (1H, m), 2.45 (1H, m), 3.53-3.63 (2H, m), 3.73 (1H, m), 4.27 (1H, m), 4.41-4.60 (4H, m), 5.18 (1H, m), 6.43 (1H, m), 7.00-7.12 (3H, m), 7.20-7.46 (7H, m), 8.53 (1H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₃₁H₃₂N₄O₅FCl Calculated C, 62.57; H, 5.42; N, 9.42. Found C, 62.45; H, 5.33; N, 9.15.

EXAMPLE 26B 3-[4-isonicotinoyl-2-oxo-3-[2-oxo-2-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]amino]ethyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-1-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropyl acetate

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.86 (3H, s), 0.89 (3H, s), 1.94 (1H, m), 1.95 (3H, s), 2.51 (1H, m), 3.57 (2H, m), 3.75 (1H, m), 4.28 (1H, m), 4.57-4.61 (4H, m), 5.24 (1H, m), 6.47 (1H, m), 7.01 (1H, m), 7.21 (1H, m), 7.35-7.44 (5H, m) 7.52 (2H, m), 7.63 (1H, d, J=7.7 Hz), 8.78 (2H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₃₂H₃₃N₄OF₃.0.25H₂ Calculated C, 62.48; H, 5.49; N, 9.11. Found C, 62.59; H, 5.35; N, 8.80.

EXAMPLE 27B 3-[4-(2-chloroisonicotinoyl)-2-oxo-3-[2-oxo-2-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]amino]ethyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-1-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropyl acetate

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.85 (3H, s), 0.89 (3H, s), 1.96 (1H, m), 1.96 (3H, s), 2.50 (1H, m), 3.59 (2H, m), 3.76 (1H, m), 4.27 (1H, m), 4.45-4.62 (4H, m), 5.20 (1H, m), 6.32 (1H, m), 7.02 (1H, m), 7.20-7.45 (6H, m), 7.52 (2H, m), 7.63 (1H, d, J=7.7 Hz), 8.78 (1H, d, J=4.6 Hz).

Elemental analysis for C₃₂H₃₂N₄O₅ClF₃ Calculated C, 59.58; H, 5.00; N, 8.69. Found C, 59.44; H, 5.00; N, 8.81.

EXAMPLE 28B 2-[4-[2-(acetylamino)isonicotinoyl]-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 0.75 (9H, s), 1.75 (1H, m), 2.12 (3H, s), 2.15 (1H, m), 3.60 (1H, m), 4.07-4.16 (3H, m), 4.44 (1H, m), 4.52 (1H, m), 5.11 (1H, m), 7.11-7.30 (7H, m), 7.45-7.55 (2H, m), 8.11 (1H, m), 8.12 (1H, m), 8.42 (1H, brs), 10.74 (1H, s).

EXAMPLE 29B N-(2,6-dichloropyridin-4-yl)-3-[2-[(2-fluorobenzyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4H-1,4-benzodiazepine-4-carboxamide

To a solution of compound (0.20 g) obtained in Example 1B (1) in tetrahydrofuran (15 ml) were added 2,6-dichloropyridine-4-isocyanate (0.19 g) and potassium carbonate (0.12 g), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs. Ethyl acetate was added, and the mixture was washed with water and dried over anhydrous MgSO₄. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography and recrystallized from hexane-chloroform to give the title compound (0.22 g) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.83 (9H, s), 1.42 (1H, dd, J=9.1, 16.8 Hz), 2.28 (1H, d, J=16.8 Hz), 3.35 (1H, d, J=13.8 Hz), 4.37-4.42 (4H, m), 4.85 (1H, d, J=13.3 Hz), 5.17 (1H, d, J=8.7 Hz), 5.70 (1H, m), 7.03-7.11 (2H, m), 7.23-7.48 (8H, m), 10.54 (1H, s).

Elemental analysis for C₂₉H₃₀N₅O₃FCl₂ Calculated C, 59.39; H, 5.16; N, 11.94. Found C, 59.38; H, 5.25; N, 11.81.

EXAMPLE 30B N-(2-fluorobenzyl)-2-[1-neopentyl-2-oxo-4-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl]acetamide

To a solution of the compound (0.36 g) obtained in Example 1B (1) in dimethylformamide (15 ml) were added 4-(bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide (0.92 g) and potassium carbonate (0.87 g), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 hrs. Ethyl acetate was added, and the mixture was washed with water and dried over anhydrous MgSO₄. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography and recrystallized from hexane-chloroform to give the title compound (0.15 g) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 0.79 (9H, s), 2.64 (1H, m), 2.80 (1H, m), 3.30-3.48 (4H, m), 3.69-3.80 (2H, m), 4.35 (1H, m), 4.41 (1H, dd, J=5.5, 15.0 Hz), 4.56 (1H, dd, J=6.3, 15.0 Hz), 7.02-7.10 (3H, m), 7.19-7.39 (8H, m), 8.53 (2H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₂₉H₃₃N₄O₂F Calculated C, 71.29; H, 6.81; N, 11.47. Found C, 70.97; H, 6.88; N, 11.51.

EXAMPLE 31B N-(2-fluorobenzyl)-2-(4-isonicotinoyl-2-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl)acetamide

(1) To a solution of the compound (5.3 g) obtained in Reference Example 8B in ethyl acetate (40 ml) was added a 4N solution (40 ml) of hydrogen chloride in ethyl acetate, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was recrystallized from diisopropyl ether-methanol to give 2-[1-(2,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-2-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl]-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide hydrochloride as colorless crystals (3.7 g).

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 2.61 (1H, dd, J=3.8, 15.7 Hz), 3.08 (1H, dd, J=9.5, 15.7 Hz), 3.61 (3H, s), 3.69 (3H, s), 3.80 (1H, m), 3.92 (1H, m), 4.21-4.27 (3H, m), 4.83 (1H, d, J=15.0 Hz), 5.13 (1H, d, J=15.0 Hz), 6.36 (1H, dd, J=2.0, 8.3 Hz), 6.45 (1H, d, J=2.0 Hz), 7.08-7.18 (3H, m), 7.26-7.32 (3H, m), 7.42-7.54 (3H, m), 8.74 (1H, m), 10.34 (1H, brs), 10.45 (1H, brs).

(2) A solution of the compound (0.50 g) obtained in the forementioned (1) in trifluoroacetic acid (5 ml) was heated under reflux for 6 hrs. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was neutralized with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, washed with water and dried over anhydrous MgSO₄. The solvent was evaporated and recrystallized from hexane-tetrahydrofuran to give N-(2-fluorobenzyl)-2-(2-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl)acetamide (0.23 g) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 2.31 (1H, dd, J=6.0, 15.2 Hz), 2.64 (1H, dd, J=-7.1, 15.2 Hz), 3.50-3.84 (4H, m), 4.23-4.26 (2H, m), 7.01 (1H, d, J=7.9 Hz), 7.07-7.20 (3H, m), 7.24-7.35 (4H, m), 8.37 (1H, m), 9.84 (1H, s).

(3) To a solution of the compound (0.20 g) obtained in the aforementioned (2) in dimethylformamide (6 ml) were added isonicotinic acid (0.15 g), 1-hydroxy-1H-benzotriazole (0.12 g) and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (0.24 g), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hrs. Ethyl acetate was added and the mixture was washed with water and dried over anhydrous MgSO₄. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography and recrystallized from hexane-ethanol to give the title compound (0.17 g) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 3.06 (1H, m), 3.20 (1H, m), 4.43-4.55 (3H, m), 4.72 (1H, m), 5.38 (1H, m), 6.40 (1H, m), 6.55 (1H, m), 6.91 (1H, d, J=7.9 Hz), 6.98-7.27 (7H, m), 7.36 (1H, m), 7.93 (1H, m), 8.65 (2H, d, J=5.5 Hz).

Elemental analysis for C₂₄H₂₁N₄O₃F.0.25H₂O Calculated C, 65.97; H, 4.96; N, 12.82. Found C, 66.25; H, 4.98; N, 12.63.

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 1C (2-chloro-4-phenylpyridin-3-yl)methanol

To a solution of 2-chloro-4-phenylnicotinic acid (22.4 g) in tetrahydrofuran (200 ml) was added thionyl chloride (21 ml), and the mixture was heated under reflux for 3 hrs. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the precipitated solid was collected by filtration and washed with hexane. The obtained powdery solid was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (200 ml), and lithium aluminum hydride (4.5 g) was added by small portions while cooling in a dry ice-acetone bath. The mixture was stirred under cooling for 5 min. and water was added to quench the reaction. The precipitated solid was filtered off, and the filtrate was concentrated and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed successively with water, saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate and saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give the title compound (15.1 g) as a colorless oil.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ 3.15-3.45 (1H, br), 4.67 (2H, s), 7.20 (1H, d, J=5.2 Hz), 7.35-7.60 (5H, m), 8.30 (1H, dd, J=5.2, 1.0 Hz).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 2C 2-chloro-3-(chloromethyl)-4-phenylpyridine hydrochloride

To a solution of (2-chloro-4-phenylpyridin-3-yl)methanol (15.1 g) obtained in Reference Example 1C in tetrahydrofuran (150 ml) was added thionyl chloride (10 ml), and the mixture was heated under reflux for 30 min. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the obtained residue was washed with diethyl ether to give the title compound (12.6 g) as a pale-yellow powder.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ 4.65 (2H, s), 7.40-7.70 (5H, m), 7.67 (1H, d, J=4.2 Hz), 8.71 (1H, d, J=4.2 Hz).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 3C 2-[(2-chloro-4-phenylpyridin-3-yl)methylamino]ethanol

To a suspension of 2-chloro-3-(chloromethyl)-4-phenylpyridine hydrochloride (12.6 g) obtained in Reference Example 2C in tetrahydrofuran (150 ml) was added ethanolamine (14 ml), and the mixture was heated under reflux for 6 hrs. After cooling the reaction solution, water was added and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed successively with water and saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give the title compound (13.4 g) as a colorless oil.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ 2.00-2.50 (2H, br), 2.65 (2H, t, J=5.2 Hz), 3.51 (2H, t, J=5.2 Hz), 3.82 (2H, s), 7.17 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz), 7.30-7.60 (5H, m), 8.32 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 4C 3-[(2-chloro-4-phenylpyridin-3-yl)methylamino]-1-propanol

The title compound (12.9 g) was obtained as a colorless oil by a similar operation as in Reference Example 3C and using 2-chloro-3-(chloromethyl)-4-phenylpyridine hydrochloride (12.0 g) obtained in Reference Example 2C and 3-amino-i-propanol (16.0 g).

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.55-1.70 (2H, m), 2.01-3.20 (2H, br), 2.72 (2H, t, J=5.8 Hz), 3.74 (2H, t, J=5.4 Hz), 3.81 (2H, s), 7.17 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz), 7.30-7.60 (5H, m), 8.33 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 5C 6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine hydrochloride

To a solution of 2-[(2-chloro-4-phenylpyridin-3-yl)methylamino]ethanol (13.4 g) obtained in Reference Example 3C in tetrahydrofuran (250 ml) was added sodium hydride (60% in oil) (4.1 g), and the mixture was heated under reflux for 6 hrs. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and 2N hydrochloric acid (100 ml) was added to the obtained residue. The mixture was washed with diethyl ether. To the aqueous layer was added 6N aqueous sodium hydroxide (50 ml), and the mixture was extracted 5 times with ethyl acetate-tetrahydrofuran (1/1). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the solvent was evaporated to give a free basic form of the title compound as a colorless oil (11.1 g). Further, a 4N solution of hydrogen chloride in ethyl acetate (50 ml) was added, and the mixture was recrystallized from methanol-ethyl acetate to give the title compound (10.2 g) as colorless crystals having a melting point of 168-170° C.

¹H-NMR (free basic form; CDCl₃) δ 1.90-2.40 (1H, br), 2.26 (2H, t, J=4.8 Hz), 3.90 (2H, s), 4.27 (2H, t, J=4.8 Hz), 6.97 (1H, d, J=5.2 Hz), 7.20-7.60. (5H, m), 8.15 (1H, d, J=5.2 Hz).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 6C 7-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazocine hydrochloride

The title compound (5.48 g) was obtained as colorless crystals by a similar operation as in Reference Example 5C and using 3-[(2-chloro-4-phenylpyridin-3-yl)methylamino]propan-1-ol (12.9 g) obtained in Reference Example 4C.

¹H-NMR (free basic form; CDCl₃) δ 1.60-2.00 (3H, m), 3.05-3.15 (2H, m), 3.89 (2H, s), 4.40 (2H, t, J=5.8 Hz), 7.04 (1H, d, J=5.2 Hz), 7.30-7.55 (5H, m), 8.28 (1H, d, J=5.2 Hz).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 7C 4-[(2-chloro-4-phenylpyridin-3-yl)methylamino]butan-1-ol

The title compound (3.49 g) was obtained as a colorless oil by a similar operation as in Reference Example 3C and using a powder obtained from (2-chloro-4-phenylpyridin-3-yl)methanol (2.6 g) obtained in Reference Example 1C as a starting material by a similar operation as in Reference Example 2C and 4-amino-1-butanol (2.63 g).

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.41-1.53 (2H, m), 1.54-1.65 (2H, m), 2.50 (2H, t, J=5.8 Hz), 3.53 (2H, t, J=5.5 Hz), 3.82 (2H, s), 7.16 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz), 7.32-7.55 (5H, m), 8.32 (1H, d, J=4.9 Hz)

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 8C 8-phenyl-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydropyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazocine

The title compound (1.20 g) was obtained as colorless crystals by a similar operation as in Reference Example 5C and using 4-[(2-chloro-4-phenylpyridin-3-yl)methylamino]butan-1-ol (3.49 g) obtained in Reference Example 7C.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.57-1.74 (4H, m), 3.02-3.08 (2H, m), 3.84 (2H, s), 4.60-4.66 (2H, m), 6.90 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz), 7.26-7.47 (5H, m), 8.18 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 9C [2-chloro-4-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl]methanol

The title compound (6.25 g) was obtained as colorless crystals by a similar operation as in Reference Example 1C and using 2-chloro-4-(4-fluorophenyl)nicotinic acid (8.4 g).

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 2.33 (1H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.67 (2H, d, J=6.6 Hz), 7.07-7.25 (3H, m), 7.39-7.56 (2H, m), 8.36 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 10C 2-[[2-chloro-4-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl]methylamino]ethanol

The title compound (1.73 g) was obtained as a colorless oil by a similar operation as in Reference Example 3C and using the powder, which was obtained from [2-chloro-4-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl]methanol (2.0 g) obtained in Reference Example 9C as a starting material by a similar operation as in Reference Example 2C, and ethanolamine (4.0 ml).

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 2.71 (2H, dt, J=5.2, 4.4 Hz), 3.56 (2H, dt, J=5.2, 4.3 Hz), 3.79 (2H, s), 7.12-7.21 (3H, m), 7.38-7.51 (2H, m), 8.32 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 11C 3-[[2-chloro-4-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl]methylamino]propan-1-ol

The title compound (1.01 g) was obtained as a colorless oil by a similar operation as in Reference Example 3C and using the powder, which was obtained from [2-chloro-4-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl]methanol (0.8 g) obtained in Reference Example 9C as a starting material by a similar operation as in Reference Example 2C, and 3-amino-1-propanol (1.3 ml).

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.59-1.68 (2H, m), 2.75 (2H, t, J=5.8 Hz), 3.73-3.78 (4H, m), 7.12-7.44 (5H, m), 8.32 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 12C 4-[[2-chloro-4-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl]methylamino)butan-1-ol

The title compound (1.93 g) was obtained as a colorless oil by a similar operation as in Reference Example 3C and using the powder, which was obtained from [2-chloro-4-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl]methanol (2.0 g) obtained in Reference Example 9C as a starting material by a similar operation as in Reference Example 2C, and 4-amino-1-butanol (1.36 g).

¹ H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.46-1.57 (2H, m), 1.58-1.67 (2H, m), 2.55 (2H, t, J=5.9 Hz), 3.55 (2H, t, J=5.5 Hz), 3.77 (2H, s); 7.12-7.22 (3H, m), 7.37-7.51 (2H, m), 8.32 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 13C 6-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine

The title compound (0.91 g) was obtained as colorless crystals by a similar operation as in Reference Example 5C and using 2-[[2-chloro-4-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl]methylamino]ethanol (1.7 g) obtained in Reference Example 10C.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 3.24-3.30 (2H, m), 3.88 (2H, s), 4.24-4.31 (2H, m), 6.93 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz), 7.07-7.23 (2H, m), 7.25-7.35 (2H, m), 8.15 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 14C 7-(4-fluorophenyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazocine

The title compound (0.90 g) was obtained as colorless crystals by a similar operation as in Reference Example 5C and using 3-[[2-chloro-4-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl]methylamino]propan-1-ol (1.0 g) obtained in Reference Example 1C.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.70-1.79 (2H, m), 3.08-3.12 (2H, m), 3.87 (2H, s), 4.40 (2H, t, J=5.8 Hz), 7.02 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz), 7.10-7.18 (2H, m), 7.40-7.47 (2H, m), 8.28 (1H, d, J=5.2 Hz).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 15C 8-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydropyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazonine

The title compound (0.47 g) was obtained as colorless crystals by a similar operation as in Reference Example 5C and using 4-[[2-chloro-4-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl]methylamino]butan-1-ol (1.93 g) obtained in Reference Example 12C.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.56-1.74 (4H, m), 3.02-3.09 (2H, m), 3.82 (2H, s), 4,60-4.66 (2H, m), 6.87 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz), 7.08-7.17 (2H, m), 7.23-7.32 (2H, m), 8.18 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 16C 6-(3-fluorophenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine hydrochloride

(1) To a solution of 2-chloro-4-(3-fluorophenyl)nicotinic acid (8.37 g) in tetrahydrofuran (70 ml) was added thionyl chloride (11.9 g), and the mixture was heated under reflux for 2.5 hrs. The reaction mixture was concentrated and the obtained residue was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (50 ml). This solution was added dropwise to an ice-cooled aqueous sodium borohydride (4.58 g) solution, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs. The reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give [2-chloro-4-(3-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl]methanol (3.07 g) as a colorless oil.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 2.26 (1H, t, J=6.7 Hz), 4.68 (2H, d, J=6.6 Hz), 7.10-7.38 (4H, m), 7.40-7.50 (1H, m), 8.38 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz).

(2) To a solution of [2-chloro-4-(3-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl]methanol (1.47 g) obtained in the aforementioned (1) in tetrahydrofuran (25 ml) was added thionyl chloride (1.84 g), and the mixture was heated under reflux for 2 hrs. The reaction mixture was concentrated and tetrahydrofuran (15 ml) and ethanolamine (3 ml) were added to the obtained residue. The mixture was heated under reflux for 4 hrs. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature, water was then added, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed successively with water and saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was evaporated to give 2-[[2-chloro-4-(3-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl]methylamino]ethanol (1.54 g) as a colorless solid.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 2.71 (2H, t, J=5.3 Hz), 3.56 (2H, t, J=5.3 Hz), 3.80 (2H, s), 7.10-7.27 (4H, m), 7.40-7.50 (1H, m), 8.34 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz).

(3) To a solution of 2-[[2-chloro-4-(3-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl]methylamino]ethanol (1.47 g) obtained in the aforementioned (2) in tetrahydrofuran (60 ml) was added sodium hydride (60% in oil) (0.42 g), and the mixture was heated under reflux for 4 hrs. The reaction mixture was concentrated and saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution was added to the obtained residue. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was washed successively with water and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the solvent was evaporated to give a free basic form of the title compound as a colorless oil. Further, a 4N solution of hydrogen chloride in ethyl acetate (30 ml) was added, and the mixture was recrystallized from methanol-ethyl acetate to give the title compound (1.45 g) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 3.50 (2H, s), 4.12 (2H, s), 4.43 (2H, s), 7.19 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz), 7.28-7.41 (2H, m), 7.47 (1H, d, J=9.7 Hz), 7.50-7.66 (1H. m), 8.27 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz), 9.91 (2H, brs).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 17C 7-(3-fluorophenyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazocine hydrochloride

(1) 3-[[2-Chloro-4-(3-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl]methylamino]propan-1-ol(1.29 g) was obtained as a colorless oil by a similar method as in Reference Example 16C(2) and using [2-chloro-4-(3-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl]methanol (1.20 g) obtained in Reference Example 16C(1) and 3-amino-1-propanol (1.88 g).

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.57-1.67 (2H, m), 2.74 (2H, t, J=5.8 Hz), 3.70-3.78 (4H, m), 7.10-7.23 (4H, m), 7.40-7.50 (1H, m), 8.33 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz).

(2) The title compound (0.81 g) was obtained as colorless crystals by a similar method as in Reference Example 16C(3) and using the compound (1.29 g) obtained in the aforementioned (1).

¹H-NMR (free basic form; CDCl₃) δ: 1.68-1.94 (2H, m), 3.05-3.23 (2H, m), 3.87 (2H, s), 4.40 (2H, t, J=5.7 Hz), 7.03 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz), 7.06-7.57 (4H, m), 8.29 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 18C [2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl]methanol

To a solution of 2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenyl)nicotinic acid (2.4 g) in tetrahydrofuran (60 ml) was added thionyl chloride (3.2 g), and the mixture was heated under reflux for 3 hrs. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (60 ml). Sodium borohydride (1.5 g) was added by small portions at 0° C., and the mixture was allowed to warm gradually and stirred at room temperature for 2 hrs. Water was added to quench the reaction and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed successively with water and saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give the title compound (1.9 g) as a colorless oil.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 2.27 (1H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.66 (2H, d, J=6.6 Hz), 7.19 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz), 7.41-7.48 (4H, m), 8.37 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 19C 7-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazocine

The title compound was obtained as a free basic form by a similar operation as in Reference Example 16C(2) and (3) and using, as a starting material, [2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl]methanol (1.9 g) obtained in Reference Example 18C.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.97 (2H, m), 2.80 (2H, t, J=6.5 Hz), 3.73 (2H, s), 4.39 (2H, t, J=5.3 Hz), 6.78 (1H, d, J=5.2 Hz), 7.43 (4H, m), 8.05 (1H, d, J=5.2 Hz).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 20C 6-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine dihydrochloride

(1) To a solution of [2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl]methanol (1.02 g) obtained in Reference Example 18C in tetrahydrofuran (30 ml) was added thionyl chloride (1.00 g), and the mixture was heated under reflux for 2 hrs. The reaction mixture was concentrated, and to the obtained residue were added tetrahydrofuran (50 ml) and ethanolamine (1.30 g). The mixture was heated under reflux for 18 hrs. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature, and water was added. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was washed successively with water and saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was evaporated to give 2-[[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl]methylamino]ethanol (1.18 g) as a colorless oil.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 2.10 (1H, brs), 2.71 (2H, t, J=5.2 Hz), 3.56 (2H, t, J=5.2 Hz), 3.77 (2H, s), 7.14 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz), 7.39-7.48 (4H, m), 8.33 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz).

(2) To a solution of 2-[[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl]methylamino]ethanol (1.18 g) obtained in the aforementioned (1) in tetrahydrofuran (40 ml) was added sodium hydride (60% in oil) (0.33 g), and the mixture was heated under reflux for 4 hrs. The reaction mixture was concentrated, water was added to the obtained residue, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed successively with water and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the solvent was evaporated to give a free basic form of the title compound as a colorless oil. Furthermore, a 4N solution of hydrogen chloride in ethyl acetate (30 ml) was added, and the mixture was recrystallized from methanol-ethyl acetate to give the title compound (1.07 g) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 3.50 (2H, s), 4.11 (2H, s), 4.45 (2H, m), 7.18 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz), 7.57-7.64 (4H, m), 8.28 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz), 10.09 (2H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₁₄H₁₃N₂OCl.2HCl.H₂O Calculated C, 47.82; H, 4.87; N, 7.97. Found C, 47.73; H, 4.83; N, 7.95.

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 21C [2-chloro-4-(4-methylphenyl)pyridin-3-yl]methanol

The title compound was obtained by a similar operation as in Reference Example 18C and using 2-chloro-4-(4-methylphenyl)nicotinic acid as a starting material.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 2.23 (1H, t, J=6.7 Hz), 2.42 (3H, s), 4.69 (2H, d, J=6.7 Hz), 7.20 (1H, d, J=4.9 Hz), 7.29 (2H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 7.35 (2H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 8.34 (1H, d, J=4.9 Hz).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 22C 6-(4-methylphenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine dihydrochloride

The title compound was obtained by a similar operation as in Reference Example 20C and using [2-chloro-4-(4-methylphenyl)pyridin-3-yl]methanol obtained in Reference Example 21C as a starting material.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 2.39 (3H, s), 3.50 (2H, s), 4.16 (2H, s), 4.45 (2H, m), 5.81 (1H, brs), 7.16 (1H, dd, J=1.0, 5.0 Hz), 7.35 (2H, d, J=7.8 Hz), 7.43 (2H, d, J=7.8 Hz), 8.26 (1H, dd, J=1.0, 5.0 Hz), 9.98 (2H, m).

EXAMPLE 1C 4-(4-fluorobenzyl)-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine hydrochloride

A mixture of the compound (301 mg) obtained in Reference Example 5C, saturated aqueous potassium carbonate (1 ml) and 4-fluorobenzyl chloride (0.205 ml) in ethanol (10 ml) was heated under reflux for 6 hrs. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, water was then added, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was evaporated to give a crude product of a free basic form of the title compound as a pale-yellow oil. Furthermore, a 4N solution of hydrogen chloride in ethyl acetate (3 ml) was added, and the mixture was crystallized from methanol-diethyl ether to give the title compound (310 mg) as colorless crystals having a melting point of 171-174° C.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 4.00-4.20 (2H, m), 4.25-4.40 (2H, m), 5.05 (4H, s), 7.05-7.40 (8H, m), 7.50-7.65 (2H, m), 8.27 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz), 12.2-12.6 (1H, br).

EXAMPLE 2C 4-benzyl-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine hydrochloride

The title compound (306 mg) was obtained as colorless crystals (melting point: 189-191° C.) by a similar operation as in Example 1C and using a free basic form (730 mg) of the compound obtained in Reference Example 5C and benzyl bromide (0.76 ml).

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 3.60-3.80 (2H, m), 4.05-4.80 (6H, m), 7.10 (1H, d, J=4.8 Hz), 7.15-7.60 (10H, m), 8.27 (1H, d, J=5.4 Hz), 12.1-12.4 (1H, br).

EXAMPLE 3C 4-(3-methoxybenzyl)-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine hydrochloride

The title compound (325 mg) was obtained as colorless crystals (melting point: 134-136° C.) by a similar operation as in Example 1C and using the compound (312 mg) obtained in Reference Example 5C and 3-methoxybenzyl chloride (0.26 ml).

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆ ) δ: 3.60-3.80 (2H, m), 3.77 (3H, s), 4.10-4.80 (6H, m), 6.90-7.00 (2H, m), 7.09 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz), 7.25-7.35 (7H, m), 8.27 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz), 12.0-12.3 (1H, br).

EXAMPLE 4C 4-(3,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine hydrochloride

The title compound (304 mg) was obtained as colorless crystals (melting point: 170-173° C.) by a similar operation as in Example 1C and using the compound (321 mg) obtained in Reference Example 5C and 3,5-dimethoxybenzyl methanesulfonate (450 mg).

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 3.73 (6H, s), 4.00-4.35 (2H, m), 4.40-4.80 (2H, m), 4.91 (4H, s), 6.47 (1H, t, J=2.2 Hz), 6.76 (2H, d, J=2.2 Hz), 7.10 (1H, d, J=5.2 Hz), 7.15-7.40 (5H, m), 8.27 (1H, d, J=5.2 Hz), 12.1-12.4 (1H, br).

EXAMPLE 5C 6-phenyl-4-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine

The title compound (432 mg) was obtained as colorless crystals (melting point: 139-140° C.) by a similar operation as in Example 1C and using a free basic form (750 mg) of the compound obtained in Reference Example 5C and 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl chloride (1.43 g).

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 2.95-3.05 (2H, m), 3.50 (2H, s), 3.67 (2H, s), 3.81 (6H, s), 3.86 (3H, s), 4.25-4.35 (2H, m), 6.46 (2H, s), 6.96 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz), 7.15-7.40 (5H, m), 8.17 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz).

EXAMPLE 6C 4-(2-chlorobenzyl)-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine hydrochloride

The title compound (371 mg) was obtained as colorless crystals (melting point: 173-175° C.) by a similar operation as in Example 1C and using a free basic form (311 mg) of the compound obtained in Reference Example 5C and 2-chlorobenzyl chloride (0.22 ml).

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 3.75-3.90 (2H, m), 4.00-4.80 (6H, m), 7.10 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz), 7.15-7.60 (8H, m), 7.90-8.00 (1H, m), 8.27 (1H, d, J=4.8 Hz), 12.00-12.40 (1H, br).

EXAMPLE 7C 4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine hydrochloride

The title compound (201 mg) was obtained as colorless crystals (melting point: 133-134° C.) by a similar operation as in Example 1C and using a free basic form (284 mg) of the compound obtained in Reference Example 5C and 3,4-dichlorobenzyl chloride (1.17 ml).

¹H-NMR (free basic form; CDCl₃) δ: 2.90-3.05 (2H, m), 3.47 (2H, s), 3.59 (2H, s), 4.20-4.35 (2H, m), 6.93 (1H, d, J=5.2 Hz), 7.00 (1H, dd, J=8.2, 1.6 Hz), 7.05-7.40 (7H, m), 8.16 (1H, d, J=5.2 Hz).

EXAMPLE 8C 4-(2,6-dichlorobenzyl)-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine hydrochloride

The title compound (313 mg) was obtained as colorless crystals (melting point: 146-148° C.) by a similar operation as in Example 1C and using the compound (305 mg) obtained in Reference Example 5C and 2,6-dichlorobenzyl chloride (350 mg).

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 3.40-5.00 (8H, m), 7.14 (1H, d, J=5.4 Hz), 7.25-7.65 (8H, m), 8.26 (1H, d, J=5.4 Hz), 10.40-11.60 (1H, br).

EXAMPLE 9C 4-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine

The title compound (82 mg) was obtained as colorless crystals (melting point: 134-135° C.) by a similar operation as in Example 1C and using a free basic form (264 mg) of the compound obtained in Reference Example 5C and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl methanesulfonate (450 mg).

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 3.00-3.10 (2H, m), 3.63 (2H, s), 3.66 (2H, s), 4.25-4.40 (2H, m), 6.92 (1H, d, J=5.2 Hz), 7.00-7.35 (5H, m), 7.64 (2H, s), 7.70 (1H, s), 8.17 (1H, d, J=5.2 Hz).

EXAMPLE 10C 4-(2-nitrobenzyl)-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-][1,4]oxazepine hydrochloride

The title compound (298 mg) was obtained as colorless crystals (melting point: 152-154° C.) by a similar operation as in Example 1C and using the compound (303 mg) obtained in Reference Example 5C and 2-nitrobenzyl bromide (374 mg).

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 3.60-3.80 (2H, m), 4.00-4.90 (6H, m), 7.13 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz), 7.20-7.45 (5H, m), 7.60-7.90 (3H, m), 8.00-8.15 (1H, m), 8.28 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz), 11.50-12.20 (1H, br).

EXAMPLE 11C 4-(3.5-dinitrobenzyl)-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine

The title compound (443 mg) was obtained as colorless crystals (melting point: 159-161° C.) by a similar operation as in Example 1C and using a free basic form (811 mg) of the compound obtained in Reference Example 5C and 3,5-dinitrobenzyl chloride (1.55 g).

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 3.05-3.15 (2H, m), 3.61 (2H, s), 3.76 (2H, s), 4.20-4.30 (2H, m), 6.96 (1H, d, J=6.0 Hz), 7.00-7.20 (5H, m), 8.13 (1H, d, J=5.7 Hz), 8.30-8.40 (2H, m), 8.60-8.65 (1H, m).

EXAMPLE 12C 6-phenyl-4-(2-phenylethyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine hydrochloride

The title compound (298 mg) was obtained as colorless crystals (melting point: 183-185° C.) by a similar operation as in Example 1C and using the compound (331 mg) obtained in Reference Example 5C and (2-bromoethyl)benzene(0.258 ml).

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 2.65-2.80 (1H, m), 3.00-3.45 (3H, m), 3.60-3.80 (2H, m), 4.20-4.75 (4H, m), 7.10-7.40 (6H, m), 7.50-7.75 (5H, m), 8.33 (1H, d, J=4.8 Hz), 12.20-12.40 (1H, br).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 23C 4-ethyl-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine hydrochloride

The title compound (628 mg) was obtained as colorless crystals (melting point: 142-143° C.) by a similar operation as in Example 1C and using a free basic form (875 mg) of the compound obtained in Reference Example 5C and iodoethane (0.50 ml).

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 1.00-1.20 (3H, m), 2.90-3.35 (2H, m), 3.50-3.75 (2H, m), 4.00-4.35 (2H, m), 4.40-4.75 (2H, m), 7.20-7.25 (1H, m), 7.30-7.80 (5H, m), 8.25-8.40 (1H, m), 12.10-12.35 (1H, br).

EXAMPLE 13C 4-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-8-methyl-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine hydrochloride

To a solution of 4-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-8-methyl-6-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepin-5(2H)-one (500 mg) obtained in WO 99/47132 in tetrahydrofuran (15 ml) was added lithium aluminum hydride (100 mg) at room temperature, and the mixture was heated under reflux and stirred for 3 hrs. Water was added to the reaction mixture, and the separate solid was filtered off and washed with tetrahydrofuran. The filtrate was concentrated, aqueous potassium carbonate was added, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed successively with water, saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate and saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the obtained residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (developing solvent; ethyl acetate-acetone (4:1)) to give a free basic form of the title compound as a colorless oil. Furthermore, hydrogen chloride-ethanol solution was added to give the title compound (100 mg) as colorless crystals having a melting point of 175-177° C.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 2.43 (3H, s), 3.60-3.85 (2H, m), 3.90-4.80 (6H, m), 7.00 (1H, s), 7.05-7.35 (5H, m), 7.70 (2H, s), 7.83 (1H, s), 12.10-12.35 (1H, br).

EXAMPLE 14C 4-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl)-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine

To a solution of the free basic form (400 mg) of the compound obtained in Reference Example 5C in tetrahydrofuran (20 ml) were added a solution of 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride (730 mg) in tetrahydrofuran (5 ml) and triethylamine (0.50 ml) at room temperature, and the mixture was stirred for 30 min. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, aqueous potassium carbonate was added to the obtained residue and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed successively with water, saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate and saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give the title compound (430 mg) as colorless crystals having a melting point of 179-180° C.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 3.70-4.25 (2H, m), 4.40-4.90 (4H, m), 6.70-8.00 (9H, m), 8.23 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz).

EXAMPLE 15C 5-benzyl-7-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazocine 1/2sulfate

The title compound (91 mg) was obtained as a colorless amorphous powder by a similar operation as in Example 1C and using the compound (300 mg) obtained in Reference Example 6C and benzyl bromide (0.19 ml).

¹H-NMR (free basic form; CDCl₃) δ: 1.65-1.80 (2H, m), 2.75-2.85 (2H, m), 3.53 (2H, s), 3.76 (2H, s), 4.32 (2H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 7.05-7.50 (9H, m), 7.55-7.65 (2H, m), 8.31 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz).

EXAMPLE 16C 5-(3,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-7-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazocine 1/2sulfate

The title compound (248 mg) was obtained as colorless crystals (melting point: 182-184° C.) by a similar operation as in Example 1C and using the compound (305 mg) obtained in Reference Example 6C and 3,5-dimethoxybenzyl chloride (310 mg).

¹H-NMR (free basic form; CDCl₃) ε: 1.65-1.80 (2H, m), 2.75-2.85 (2H, m), 3.46 (2H, s), 3.77 (8H, s), 4.32 (2H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 6.34 (1H, t, J=2.2 Hz), 6.46 (2H, d, J=2.2 Hz), 7.10 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz), 7.30-7.45 (3H, m), 7.60-7.65 (2H, m), 8.31 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz).

EXAMPLE 17C 5-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-7-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazocine hydrochloride

The title compound (366 mg) was obtained as colorless crystals (melting point: 136-138° C.) by a similar operation as in Example 1C and using the compound (303 mg) obtained in Reference Example 6C and 3,4-dichlorobenzyl chloride (0.23 ml).

¹H-NMR (free basic form; CDCl₃) δ: 1.65-1.80 (2H, m), 2.75-2.85 (2H, m), 3.43 (2H, s), 3.77 (2H, s), 4.33 (2H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 7.01 (1H, dd, J=8.3, 2.0 Hz), 7.07 (1H, d, J=5.2 Hz), 7.20-7.55 (7H, m), 8.31 (1H, d, J=5.2 Hz).

EXAMPLE 18C 5-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-7-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazocine 1/2sulfate

The title compound (380 mg) was obtained as colorless crystals (melting point: 190-192° C.) by a similar operation as in Example 1C and using the compound (305 mg) obtained in Reference Example 6C and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl methanesulfonate (536 mg).

¹H-NMR (free basic form; CDCl₃) δ: 1.65-1.80 (2H, m), 2.80-2.90 (2H, m), 3.53 (2H, s), 3.89 (2H, s), 4.36 (2H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 7.07 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz), 7.20-7.50 (5H, m), 7.63 (2H, s), 7.69 (1H, s), 8.32 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz).

EXAMPLE 19C 5-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]-7-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazocine

The title compound was obtained as colorless crystals by a similar operation as in Example 14C and using a free basic form of the compound obtained in Reference Example 6C and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) δ: 1.74-1.95 (2H×⅖, br), 2.09-2.31 (2H×⅗, br), 3.45-3.63 (2H×⅖, br), 3.80-4.00 (2H×⅗, br), 4.36-4.61 (2H, m), 4.73 (2H×⅗, brs), 4.88 (2H×⅖, brs), 6.75-7.97 (9H, m), 8.23-8.42 (1H, br).

EXAMPLE 20C 4-([3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]acetyl}-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine

To a solution of the free basic form (100 mg) of the compound obtained in Reference Example 5C, HOBt (72 mg) and WSC (102 mg) in DMF (5 ml) was added 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylacetic acid (144 mg), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 hrs. Water was added to the obtained reaction solution and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed successively with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate and saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound (127 mg) as a colorless amorphous powder.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) δ: 3.15 (2H×¾, s), 3.81 (2H×¼, s), 3.90-4.07 (2H, m), 4.36-4.51 (2H, m), 4.66 (2H×¾, s), 4.70 (2H×¼, s), 6.94-7.75 (9H, m), 8.15-8.29 (1H, m).

EXAMPLE 21C 5-{[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]acetyl}-7-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazocine

The title compound was obtained as a colorless amorphous powder by a similar operation as in Example 20C and using a free basic form of the compound obtained in Reference Example 6C and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylacetic acid.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) δ: 1.82-2.10 (2H, m), 3.05 (2H×⅘, s), 3.72 (2H×⅕, s), 3.64-3.88 (2H, m), 4.40-4.48 (2H, m), 4.71 (2H×⅕, s), 4.73 (2H×⅘, s), 6.99-7.14 (1H, m), 7.18-7.80 (8H, m), 8.26 (1H×⅕, d, J=5.1 Hz), 8.35 (1H×⅘, d, J=6.0 Hz).

EXAMPLE 22C 4-{[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]sulfonyl}-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine

The title compound (98 mg) was obtained as colorless crystals by a similar operation as in Example 14C and using a free basic form (100 mg) of the compound obtained in Reference Example 5C and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonyl chloride (166 mg).

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) δ: 3.87 (2H, t, J=5.1 Hz), 4.39 (2H, t, J=5.1 Hz), 4.52 (2H, s), 6.96 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz), 7.27-7.34 (2H, m), 7.46-7.54 (3H, m), 7.88 (2H, s), 7.96 (1H, s), 8.07 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz).

EXAMPLE 23C 5-{[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]sulfonyl}-7-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazocine

The title compound was obtained as colorless crystals by a similar operation as in Example 14C and using a free basic form of the compound obtained in Reference Example 6C and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonyl chloride.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) δ: 1.93-2.04 (2H, m), 3.67 (2H, dt, J=5.9, 5.0 Hz), 4.42 (2H, s), 4.46 (2H, t, J=6.2 Hz), 7.10 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz), 7.28-7.36 (2H, m), 7.44-7.52 (3H, m), 7.82 (2H, s), 8.00 (1H, s), 8.33 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz).

EXAMPLE 24C 4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine

The title compound (77 mg) was obtained as a colorless amorphous powder by a similar operation as in Example 14C and using a free basic form (90 mg) of the compound obtained in Reference Example 5C and 4-chlorobenzoyl chloride (85 mg).

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) δ: 3.62-4.89 (6H, m), 6.69-7.66 (10H, m), 8.20 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz).

EXAMPLE 25C 4-(4-nitrobenzoyl)-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine

The title compound (97 mg) was obtained as a colorless amorphous powder by a similar operation as in Example 14C and using a free basic form (90 mg) of the compound obtained in Reference Example 5C and 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride (90 mg).

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) δ: 3.77 (2H×⅓, br), 4.10-4.24 (2H×⅔, br), 4.32-4.87 (4H, m), 6.75-7.63 (9H, m), 7.90 (1H, d, J=8.2 Hz), 8.23 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz).

EXAMPLE 26C 4-(3-methylbenzoyl)-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine

The title compound (53 mg) was obtained as a colorless amorphous powder by a similar operation as in Example 14C and using a free basic form (90 mg) of the compound obtained in Reference Example 5C and 3-methylbenzoyl chloride (75 mg).

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) δ: 2.07-2.46 (3H, br), 3.74-4.89 (6H, m), 6.62-7.62 (10H, m), 8.19 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz).

EXAMPLE 27C 4-(1-naphthoyl)-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine

The title compound (88 mg) was obtained as a colorless amorphous powder by a similar operation as in Example 14C and using a free basic form (90 mg) of the compound obtained in Reference Example 5C and 1-naphthoyl chloride (92 mg).

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) δ: 3.59-5.04 (6H, m), 6.13-6.32 (1H, m), 6.51 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz), 6.90-7.94 (11H, m), 8.07-8.26 (1H, m).

EXAMPLE 28C 4-(1-benzothien-2-ylcarbonyl)-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine

The title compound (85 mg) was obtained as a colorless amorphous powder by a similar operation as in Example 14C and using a free basic form (90 mg) of the compound obtained in Reference Example 5C and 1-benzothiophene-2-carbonyl chloride (95 mg).

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) δ: 4.13-4.17 (2H, m), 4.46-4.65 (2H, m), 4.86 (2H, brs), 6.91-7.83 (11H, m), 8.21 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz).

EXAMPLE 29C 6-phenyl-4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine

The title compound (46 mg) was obtained as a colorless amorphous powder by a similar operation as in Example 14C and using a free basic form (90 mg) of the compound obtained in Reference Example 5C and 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride (100 mg).

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) δ: 3.70-4.91 (6H, m), 6.70-7.77 (10H, m), 8.21 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz).

EXAMPLE 30C 6-phenyl-4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine

The title compound (109 mg) was obtained as a colorless amorphous powder by a similar operation as in Example 14C and using a free basic form (90 mg) of the compound obtained in Reference Example 5C and 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride (100 mg).

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) δ: 3.66-4.92 (6H, m), 6.72-7.79 (10H, m), 8.21 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz).

EXAMPLE 31C 4-(3-chlorobenzoyl)-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine

The title compound (68 mg) was obtained as a colorless amorphous powder by a similar operation as in Example 14C and using a free basic form (90 mg) of the compound obtained in Reference Example 5C and 3-chlorobenzoyl chloride (84 mg).

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) δ: 3.70-4.91 (6H, m), 6.73-7.64 (10H, m), 8.21 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz).

EXAMPLE 32C 4-(3,5-dichlorobenzoyl)-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine

The title compound (77 mg) was obtained as a colorless amorphous powder by a similar operation as in Example 14C and using a free basic form (90 mg) of the compound obtained in Reference Example 5C and 3,5-dichlorobenzoyl chloride (100 mg).

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) δ: 3.69-4.25 (2H, m), 4.29-4.86 (4H, m), 6.72-7.60 (9H, m), 8.22 (1H, d, J=4.8 Hz).

EXAMPLE 33C 4-{1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl)-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine hydrochloride

To a solution of a free basic form (250 mg) of 6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine obtained in Reference Example 5C and potassium carbonate (305 mg) in DMF (5 ml) was added 1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl methanesulfonate, and the mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 5 hrs. Water was added to the obtained reaction mixture and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed successively with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate, water and saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography and crystallized from diisopropyl ether to give a free basic form (178 mg) of the title compound as colorless crystals. The obtained free basic form (135 mg) was dissolved in ethyl acetate (2 ml), and a 4N solution (0.2 ml) of hydrochloric acid in ethyl acetate was added. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the obtained residue was precipitated from methanol-diethyl ether to give the title compound (124 mg) as a colorless amorphous powder.

¹H-NMR (free basic form; CDCl₃) δ: 1.25 (3H, d, J=6.7 Hz), 2.96-3.18 (2H, m), 3.64 (2H, s), 3.78 (1H, q, J=6.7 Hz), 4.23-4.41 (2H, m), 6.88 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz), 6.99-7.03 (2H, m), 7.19-7.28 (3H, m), 7.60 (2H, s), 7.65 (1H, s), 8.15 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz).

The compounds of the following Examples 34C to 43C were synthesized by the same method as in Example 14C and using 6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine obtained in Reference Example 5C.

EXAMPLE 34C 4-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 2.14 (3h, brs), 2.28 (3H, brs), 3.72-4.89 (6H, m), 6.38-7.67 (9H, m), 8.18 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz).

EXAMPLE 35C 6-phenyl-4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 3.45-3.74 (1H, m), 3.92-4.09 (1H×½, m), 4.20-4.73 (4H, m), 5.01-5.08 (1H×½, m), 6.64-6.90 (2H, m), 6.97-7.77 (8H, m), 8.10-8.30 (1H, m).

EXAMPLE 36C 4-(2-naphthoyl)-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 3.74-4.95 (6H, m), 6.30-7.99 (13H, m), 8.20 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz).

EXAMPLE 37C 4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylcarbonyl)-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 3.81-4.20 (2H, br), 4.31-4.63 (2H, br), 4.69 (2H, brs), 5.97 (2H, s), 6.30-7.63 (9H, m), 8.20 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz)

EXAMPLE 38C 6-phenyl-4-(pyridin-3-ylcarbonyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 3.70-4.98 (6H, m), 6.64-7.83 (8H, m), 8.21 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz), 8.37-8.78 (2H, m).

EXAMPLE 39C 3-[(6-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepin-4(5H)-yl)carbonyl]benzonitrile

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 3.69-4.92 (6H, m), 6.81-7.83 (10H, m), 8.14-8.30 (1H, br).

EXAMPLE 40C 4-[(6-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepin-4(5H)-yl)carbonyl]indan-1-one

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 2.36-3.15 (4H, m), 3.61-4.92 (6H, m), 6.55-7.88 (9H, m), 8.20 (1H, d, J=4.9 Hz).

EXAMPLE 41C 4-[(3,5-dichlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 3.79 (2H, t, J=4.9 Hz), 4.36 (2H, t, J=4.9 Hz), 4.45 (2H, s), 7.00 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz), 7.31-7.59 (8H, m), 8.14 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz).

EXAMPLE 42C 4-(1-naphthylsulfonyl)-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 3.87 (2H, t, J=4.6 Hz), 4.32 (2H, s), 4.34-4.39 (2H, m), 6.94 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz), 7.13-7.61 (8H, m), 7.76 (1H, dd, J=7.4, 1.2 Hz), 7.82-7.92 (1H, m), 7.97-8.02 (1H, m), 8.14 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz), 8.29-8.42 (1H, m).

EXAMPLE 43C 6-phenyl-4-(quinolin-8-ylsulfonyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 3.97 (2H, t, J=4.6 Hz), 4.35-4.42 (2H, m), 4.59 (2H, s), 6.95 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz), 7.30-7.60 (7H, m), 7.92-8.03 (1H, m), 8.08-8.25 (3H, m), 8.82-8.87 (1H, m).

EXAMPLE 44C 4-(3-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propanoyl)-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine

The title compound (84 mg) was obtained as colorless crystals by the same method as in Example 20C and using a free basic form (90 mg) of 6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine obtained in Reference Example 5C and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylpropionic acid (138 mg).

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.86-1.94 (2H×¾, m), 2.60-2.68 (2H×¼, m), 2.80 (2H×¾, t, J=7.9 Hz), 3.04 (2H×¼, t, J=7.8 Hz), 3.84 (2H×¼, t, J=5.1 Hz), 4.03 (2H×¾, t, J=4.7 Hz), 4.23-4.52 (2H, m), 4.59 (2H×¾, s), 4.66 (2H×¼, s), 6.95 (1H×¼, d, J=5.0 Hz), 6.98 (1H×¾, d, J=5.1 Hz), 7.10-7.76 (8H, m), 8.12-8.25 (1H, m).

EXAMPLE 45C 4-{2-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl}-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine hydrochloride

To 4-{[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]acetyl}-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine (70 mg) obtained in Example 20C in tetrahydrofuran (3 ml) was added lithium aluminum hydride (17 mg) under ice-cooling, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 hrs. The reaction mixture was cooled, water was added, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed successively with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate and saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give a free basic form of the title compound as a colorless oil. The obtained oil was dissolved in ethyl acetate (2 ml), and a 4N solution (0.5 ml) of hydrochloric acid in ethyl acetate was added. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the obtained residue was precipitated from ethyl acetate-diisopropyl ether to give the title compound (16 mg) as a colorless amorphous powder.

¹H-NMR (free basic form; CDCl₃) δ: 2.59-2.73 (4H, m), 3.08 (2H, dt, J=4.7, 4.5 Hz), 3.72 (2H, s), 4.27 (2H, dt, J=4.6, 4.4 Hz), 6.99 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz), 7.23-7.31 (2H, m), 7.36-7.46 (3H, m), 7.49 (2H, s), 7.70 (1H, s), 8.18 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz).

EXAMPLE 46C N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine-4(5H)-carboxamide

To a solution of a free basic form (90 mg) of 6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine obtained in Reference Example 5C in pyridine (5 ml) was added 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylisocyanate (255 mg), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hrs. The reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure, water was added to the obtained residue and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed successively with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate and saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography and crystallized from diethyl ether to give the title compound (120 mg) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 4.05 (2H, t, J=4.4 Hz), 4.33 (2H, t, J=4.5 Hz), 4.74 (2H, s), 5.77 (1H, s), 7.06 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz), 7.31-7.51 (5H, m), 7.55-7.64 (3H, m), 8.29 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz).

EXAMPLE 47C 4-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine 9-oxide

To a solution of 4-[3,5-is(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine (90 mg) obtained in Example 14C in ethyl acetate (5 ml) was added mCPBA (67 mg), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 days. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography and crystallized from diisopropyl ether to give the title compound (67 mg) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 3.79-4.38 (2H, br), 4.48-4.98 (4H, br), 6.62-8.07 (9H, m), 8.23 (1H, d, J=6.7 Hz).

EXAMPLE 48C 5-{1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl}-7-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazocine hydrochloride

The title compound was synthesized by the same method as in Example 33C and using 7-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazocine obtained in Reference Example 6C and 1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl methanesulfonate.

¹H-NMR (free basic form; CDCl₃) δ: 1.27 (3H, d, J=6.8 Hz), 1.58-1.88 (2H, m), 2.55-2.73 (1H, m), 2.77-2.95 (1H, m), 3.67 (1H, d, J=12.2 Hz), 3.72-3.85 (1H, m), 3.88 (1H, d, J=12.3 Hz), 4.23-4.40 (2H, m), 7.08 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz), 7.32-7.51 (5H, m), 7.72 (3H, s), 8.32 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz).

The compounds of the following Examples 49C to 52C were synthesized by the same method as in Example 14C or Example 33C and using 8-phenyl-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydropyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazonine obtained in Reference Example 8C.

EXAMPLE 49C 6-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-8-phenyl-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydropyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazonine

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.57-1.67 (2H, m), 1.70-1.80 (2H, m), 3.20 (2H, t, J=5.7 Hz), 3.54 (2H, s), 3.83 (2H, s), 4.69 (2H, t, J=5.1 Hz), 6.75 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz), 6.85-6.91 (2H, m), 7.19-7.32 (5H, m), 7.63 (1H, s), 8.15 (1H, d, J=5.2 Hz).

EXAMPLE 50C 6-{1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-8-phenyl-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydropyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazonine

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.10 (3H, d, J=6.8 Hz), 1.55-1.87 (4H, m), 3.08-3.32 (2H, m), 3.65 (1H, q, J=6.8 Hz), 3.73 (2H, s), 4.61-4.79 (2H, m), 6.75 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz), 6.88-6.94 (2H, m), 7.26-7.65 (3H, m), 7.33 (2H, s), 7.63 (1H, s), 8.14 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz).

EXAMPLE 51C 6-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]-8-phenyl-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydropyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazonine

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.15-1.31 (2H×⅓, m), 1.53-1.60 (2H×⅓, m), 1.71-1.81 (2H×⅔, m), 2.08-2.28 (2H×⅔, m), 3.78-4.02 (2H, m), 4.54 (2H×⅔, s), 4.64 (2H×⅓, s), 4.66-4.79 (2H, m), 6.69-7.90 (9H, m), 8.20-8.24 (1H, m).

EXAMPLE 52C 6-{[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]sulfonyl}-8-phenyl-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydropyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazonine

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.70-1.80 (2H, m), 1.97-2.08 (2H, m), 3.64 (2H, t, J=6.1 Hz), 4.17 (2H, s), 4.73 (2H, t, J=4.7 Hz), 6.99 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz), 7.28-7.34 (2H, m), 7.46-7.54 (3H, m), 7.64 (2H, s), 8.00 (1H, s), 8.25 (1H, d, J=5.2 Hz).

The compounds of the following Examples 53C to 56C were synthesized by the same method as in Example 14C or Example 33C and using 6-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine obtained in Reference Example 13C.

EXAMPLE 53C 4-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 3.07 (2H, dt, J=4.8, 4.5 Hz), 3.62 (2H, s), 3.63 (2H, S), 4.31 (2H, dt, J=4.7, 4.6 Hz), 6.82-6.93 (3H, m), 6.96-7.05 (2H, m), 7.64 (2H, s), 7.74 (1H, s), 8.17 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz).

EXAMPLE 54C 4-{1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl}-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.27 (3H, d, J=6.7 Hz), 2.95-3.27 (2H, m), 3.62 (2H, s), 3.78 (1H, q, J=6.7 Hz), 4.24-4.47 (2H, m), 6.84 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz), 6.88-7.02 (4H, m), 7.61 (2H, s), 7.68 (1H, s), 8.15 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz).

EXAMPLE 55C 4-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 3.71-4.29 (2H, br), 4.32-4.86 (4H, m), 6.67-7.59 (6H, m), 7.68-8.04 (2H, m), 8.22 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz).

EXAMPLE 56C 4-{[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]sulfonyl)-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 3.84 (2H, t, J=5.0 Hz), 4.39 (2H, t, J=5.0 Hz), 4.48 (2H, s), 6.94 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz), 7.16-7.31 (4H, m), 7.89 (2H, m), 7.98 (1H, s), 8.08 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz).

The compounds of the following Examples 57C to 60C were synthesized by the same method as in Example 14C or Example 33C and using 7-(4-fluorophenyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazocine obtained in Reference Example 14C.

EXAMPLE 57C 5-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-7-(4-fluorophenyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazocine

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.71-1.79 (2H, m), 2.85-2.89 (2H, m), 3.58 (2H, s), 3.85 (2H, s), 4.36 (2H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 6.96-7.06 (3H, m), 7.37-7.45 (2H, m), 7.64 (2H, s), 7.73 (1H, s), 8.32 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz).

EXAMPLE 58C 5-{1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl}-7-(4-fluorophenyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazocine

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.32 (3H, d, J=6.8 Hz), 1.60-1.88 (2H, m), 2.58-2.99 (2H, m), 3.59-3.88 (2H, m), 3.78-3.91 (1H, m), 4.20-4.42 (2H, m), 7.02-7.12 (3H, m), 7.42-7.51 (2H, m), 7.72 (2H, s), 7.73 (1H, s), 8.31 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz).

EXAMPLE 59C 5-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]-7-(4-fluorophenyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazocine

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.76-1.89 (1H, br), 2.09-2.21 (1H, br), 3.48-3.63 (1H, br), 3.81-3.98 (1H, br), 4.39-4.57 (2H, br), 4.68-4.91 (2H, br), 6.73-7.90 (8H, m), 8.24-8.38 (1H, br).

EXAMPLE 60C 5-{[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]sulfonyl}-7-(4-fluorophenyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazocine

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.94-2.02 (2H, m), 3.64-3.68 (2H, m), 4.40 (2H, s), 4.44 (2H, t, J=6.2 Hz), 7.07 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz), 7.15-7.35 (4H, m), 7.85 (2H, s), 8.03 (1H, s), 8.32 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz).

The compounds of the following Examples 61C to 64C were synthesized by the same method as in Example 14C or Example 33C and using 8-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydropyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazonine obtained in Reference Example 15C.

EXAMPLE 61C 6-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-8-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydropyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazonine

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.58-1.69 (2H, m), 1.72-1.82 (2H, m), 3.20 (2H, t, J=5.7 Hz), 3.57 (2H, s), 3.80 (2H, s), 4.69 (2H, t, J=5.1 Hz), 6.70 (1H, d, J=5.2 Hz), 6.79-6.98 (4H, m), 7.25 (2H, s), 7.65 (1H, s), 8.14 (1H, d, J=5.2 Hz).

EXAMPLE 62C 6-{1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl}-8-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydropyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazonine

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.14 (3H, d, J=6.8 Hz), 1.58-1.70 (2H, m), 1.73-1.84 (2H, m), 3.11-3.34 (2H, m), 3.62-3.77 (1H, m), 3.70 (2H, s), 4.62-4.80 (2H, m), 6.70 (1H, d, J=5.2 Hz), 6.82-7.02 (4H, m), 7.29 (2H, s), 7.64 (1H, s), 8.13 (1H, d, J=5.2 Hz).

EXAMPLE 63C 6-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]-8-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydropyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazonine

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.14-1.28 (2H×⅖, m), 1.42-1.55 (2H×⅖, m), 1.70-1.81 (2H×⅗, m), 2.09-2.25 (2H×⅗, m), 3.79-4.00 (2H, m), 4.52 (2H×⅗, s), 4.61 (2H×⅖, s), 4.69 (2H×⅖, t, J=4.8 Hz), 4.76 (2H×⅗, t, J=5.0 Hz), 6.71-6.96 (3H, m), 7.11-7.41 (2H, m), 7.20 (2H×⅗, s), 7.69 (2H×⅖, s), 7.72 (1H×⅗, s), 7.85 (1H×⅖, s), 8.19-8.25 (1H, m).

EXAMPLE 64C 6-{[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]sulfonyl}-8-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydropyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazonine

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.70-1.80 (2H, m), 1.97-2.08 (2H, m), 3.64 (2H, t, J=6.0 Hz), 4.13 (2H, s), 4.73 (2H, t, J=4.7 Hz), 6.94 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz), 7.16-7.33 (4H, m), 7.68 (2H, s), 8.01 (1H, s), 8.24 (1H, d, J=5.2 Hz).

EXAMPLE 65C 4-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]-6-(3-fluorophenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine

To a solution of 6-(3-fluorophenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine (0.20 g) obtained in Reference Example 16C in tetrahydrofuran (8 ml) were added triethylamine (0.18 g) and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride (0.24 g), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 hrs. Water was added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed successively with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound as a colorless solid. This solid was recrystallized from ethyl acetate to give the title compound (0.20 g) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 3.82 (1H, m), 4.18 (1H, m), 4.35-4.85 (4H, m), 6.40-6.72 (1H, m), 6.75-8.00 (7H, m), 8.23 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz).

EXAMPLE 66C 4-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonyl]-6-(3-fluorophenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine

The title compound (0.21 g) was obtained as colorless crystals by a similar method as in Example 65C and using 6-(3-fluorophenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine (0.20 g) obtained in Reference Example 16C and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonyl chloride (0.27 g).

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 3.83-3.88 (2H, m), 4.36-4.43 (2H, m), 4.49 (2H, s), 6.95 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz), 7.00-7.60 (4H, m), 7.90 (2H, s), 7.97 (1H, s), 8.10 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz).

EXAMPLE 67C 4-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-6-(3-fluorophenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine

To a solution of 6-(3-fluorophenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine (0.20 g) obtained in Reference Example 16C in N,N-dimethylformamide (10 ml) were added 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl bromide (0.28 g) and potassium carbonate (0.65 g), and the mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 20 hrs. The reaction mixture was concentrated, and water was added to the obtained residue. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound (0.24 g) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 3.00-3.13 (2H, m), 3.64 (4H, s), 4.22-4.36 (2H, m), 6.74-7.19 (5H, m), 7.64 (2H, s), 7.72 (1H, s), 8.18 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz).

EXAMPLE 68C 5-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]-7-(3-fluorophenyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazocine

The title compound (0.12 g) was obtained as colorless crystals by a similar method as in Example 65C and using 7-(3-fluorophenyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazocine hydrochloride (0.23 g) obtained in Reference Example 17C and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride (0.20 g).

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.84 (1H, brs), 2.18 (1H, brs), 3.56 (1H, brs), 3.91 (1H, brs), 4.35-4.60 (2H, m), 4.74 (1H, brs), 4.87 (1H, brs), 6.58 (1H, dd, 7.7 Hz, 24.9 Hz), 6.78-7.98 (7H, m), 8.32 (1H, brs).

EXAMPLE 69C 5-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonyl]-7-(3-fluorophenyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazocine

The title compound (0.16 g) was obtained as colorless crystals by a similar method as in Example 65C and using 7-(3-fluorophenyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazocine hydrochloride (0.23 g) obtained in Reference Example 17C and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonyl chloride (0.22 g).

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.94-2.04 (2H, m), 3.63-3.69 (2H, m), 4.40-4.49 (4H, m), 7.02-7.50 (5H, m), 7.85 (2H, s), 8.02 (1H, s), 8.34 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz).

EXAMPLE 70C 5-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-7-(3-fluorophenyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazocine

The title compound (0.24 g) was obtained as a colorless oil by a similar method as in Example 67C and using the compound (0.23 g) obtained in Reference Example 17C and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl bromide (0.24 g).

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.70-1.79 (2H, m), 2.80-2.86 (2H, m), 3.60 (2H, s), 3.85 (2H, s), 4.35 (2H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 7.03 (1H, td, J=8.3, 5.1 Hz), 7.07 (1H, d, J=5.2 Hz), 7.18-7.38 (3H, m), 7.68 (2H, s), 7.73 (1H, s), 8.33 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz).

EXAMPLE 71C 4-{1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl}-6-(3-fluorophenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine

To a solution of 6-(3-fluorophenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine hydrochloride (0.50 g) obtained in Reference Example 16C and potassium carbonate (0.74 g) in DMF (20 ml) was added 1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl methanesulfonate (0.6 g), and the mixture was stirred at 80° C. The addition of the same ester was repeated 3 times in 2 hrs. The reaction solution was allowed to cool, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. Water was added to the obtained residue, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound (0.059 g) as a white powder.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.28 (3H, d, J=6.7 Hz), 2.94-3.08 (1H, m), 3.12-3.24 (1H, m), 3.61 (2H, s), 3.79 (1H, q, J=6.7 Hz), 4.26-4.44 (2H, m), 6.68-6.80 (2H, m), 6.85 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz), 6.93-7.03 (1H, m), 7.15-7.26 (1H, m), 7.61 (2H, s), 7.68 (1H, s), 8.16 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz).

EXAMPLE 72C tert-butyl 3-{[6-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepin-4(5H)-yl]carbonyl}benzylcarbamate

To a solution of 6-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine (0.20 g) obtained in Reference Example 13C, 1-hydroxy-1H-benzotriazole (0.15 g), triethylamine (0.083 g) and 3-(tert-butoxycarbonylaminomethyl)benzoic acid (0.205 g) in acetonitrile (10 ml) was added 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (0.314 g), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 hrs. Ethyl acetate was added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture was washed with water, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound (0.35 g) as a colorless amorphous powder.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.45 (9H, s), 3.75-4.90 (9H, m), 6.70-7.50 (9H, m), 8.19 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz).

EXAMPLE 73C 3-{[6-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepin-4(5H)-yl]carbonyl}benzylamine hydrochloride

To tert-butyl 3-{[6-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepin-4(5H)-yl]carbonyl}benzylcarbamate (0.32 g) obtained in Example 72C was added a 4N solution (10 ml) of hydrochloric acid in ethyl acetate, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue was dissolved in a small amount of isopropanol. Ethyl acetate was added and the resulting crystals were collected by filtration to give the title compound (0.25 g) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 3.70-4.05 (4H, m), 4.40-4.90 (4H, m), 6.70-7.60 (9H, m), 8.15 (1H, m), 8.20-8.50 (3H, m). MS: 378 (M+1).

The compounds of the following Examples 74C and 75C were synthesized by the same method as in Example 14C and using 6-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine dihydrochloride obtained in Reference Example 20C.

EXAMPLE 74C 4-[[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]sulfonyl]-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 3.84 (2H, t, J=4.9 Hz), 4.39 (2H, t, J=4.9 Hz), 4.49 (2H, s), 6.93 (1H, t, J=5.0 Hz), 7.27 (2H, m), 7.51 (2H, m), 7.90 (2H, s), 7.98 (1H, s), 8.08 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz).

EXAMPLE 75C 4-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 3.82 (1H, m), 4.17 (1H, m), 4.42-4.52 (2H, m), 4.64-4.75 (2H, m), 6.73 (1H, m), 6.82 (0.5H, m), 6.98 (0.5H, m), 7.17 (1H, m), 7.39-7.46 (3H, m), 7.78-7.81 (1.5H, m), 7.92 (0.5H, m), 8.22 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz).

EXAMPLE 76C 4-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine

To a solution of 6-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine dihydrochloride (200 mg) obtained in Reference Example 20C and potassium carbonate (185 mg) in dimethylformamide (10 ml) was added 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl bromide (323 mg), and the mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 24 hrs. Water was added to the reaction mixture and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After evaporation of the solvent, the obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography and recrystallized from hexane-ethyl acetate to give the title compound (115 mg) as colorless crystals.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 3.06 (2H, m), 3.62 (2H, s), 3.63 (2H, s), 4.30 (2H, m), 6.88 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz), 6.97 (2H, m), 7.15 (2H, m), 7.64 (2H, s), 7.75 (1H, s), 8.17 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz).

EXAMPLE 77C 4-[1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine

The title compound was obtained by the same method as in Example 76C and using 6-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine dihydrochloride obtained in Reference Example 20C.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.27 (3H, d, J=6.6 Hz), 3.00 (1H, m), 3.15 (1H, m), 3.62 (2H, m), 3.77 (1H, q, J=6.6 Hz), 4.32 (2H, m), 6.83 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz), 6.95 (2H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.21 (2H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.61 (2H, s), 7.69 (1H, s), 8.15 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz).

The compounds of the following Examples 78C and 79C were synthesized by the same method as in Example 14C and using 7-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazocine obtained in Reference Example 19C.

EXAMPLE 78C 5-[[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]sulfonyl]-7-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazocine

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.96 (2H, m), 3.65 (2H, m), 4.41-4.46 (4H, m), 7.06 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz), 7.28 (2H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.47 (2H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.87 (2H, s), 8.03 (1H, s), 8.33 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz).

EXAMPLE 79C 5-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]-7-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazocine

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.81 (1H, m), 2.15 (1H, m), 3.57 (1H, m), 3.93 (1H, m), 4.46-4.53 (2H, m), 4.77-4.85 (2H, m), 6.77 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz), 6.83 (0.5H, m), 7.06 (0.5H, m), 7.18 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz), 7.30 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz), 7.45 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz), 7.50 (1H, s), 7.68 (1H, s), 7.75 (0.5H, m), 7.88 (0.5H, m), 8.31 (1H, m).

EXAMPLE 80C 5-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-7-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazocine

The title compound was obtained by the same method as in Example 76C and using 7-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazocine obtained in Reference Example 19C.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.74 (2H, m), 2.87 (2H, m), 3.58 (2H, s), 3.84 (2H, s), 4.36 (2H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 7.03 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz), 7.28 (2H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.35 (2H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.63 (2H, s), 7.74 (1H, s), 8.32 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz).

EXAMPLE 81C 5-[[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]sulfonyl]-7-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazocine 10-oxide

The title compound was obtained by the same method as in Example 47C and using 5-[[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]sulfonyl]-7-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]oxazocine obtained in Example 78C.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 2.08 (2H, m), 3.67 (2H, t, J=5.2 Hz), 4.34 (2H, s), 4.66 (2H, t, J=6.2 Hz), 7.04 (1H, d, J=6.7 Hz), 7.25 (2H, d, J=8.3 Hz), 7.49 (2H, d, J=8.3 Hz), 7.86 (2H, s), 8.05 (1H, s), 8.24 (1H, d, J=6.7 Hz).

EXAMPLE 82C 4-[1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-6-(4-methylphenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine dihydrochloride

The title compound was obtained by the same method as in Example 76C and using 6-(4-methylphenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine dihydrochloride obtained in Reference Example 22C.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 1.56-1.65 (3H, m), 2.29 (3H, s), 3.43 (0.5H, m), 3.65 (1H, m), 3.97 (0.5H, m), 4.16 (0.5H, m), 4.32 (1.5H, m), 4.59 (1.5H, m), 4.79 (1.5H, m), 6.97-7.41 (6H, m), 8.04-8.40 (4H, m), 12.39 (1H, m).

Elemental analysis for C₂₅H₂₂N₂OF₆.2HCl Calculated C, 54.26; H, 4.37; N, 5.06. Found C, 54.09; H, 4.51; N, 4.78.

EXAMPLE 83C 4-[(2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxol-4-yl)carbonyl]-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine

The title compound was synthesized by the same method as in Example 14C and using 6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine obtained in Reference Example 5C.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) δ: 3.72-3.98 (2H×⅖, br), 4.08-4.32 (2H×⅗, br), 4.36-4.61 (2H, m), 4.66 (2H×⅗, brs), 4.79 (2H×⅖, brs), 6.69-7.61 (9H, m), 8.11-8.33 (1H, m).

EXAMPLE 84C 4-[1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propyl]-6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepine hydrochloride

The title compound was obtained as colorless amorphous powder by the same method as in Example 33C and using the free basic form of the compound obtained in Reference Example 5C and 1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propyl methanesulfonate.

¹H-NMR (free basic form; CDCl₃) δ: 0.63 (3H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 1.40-1.82 (2H, m), 2.90-3.18 (2H, m), 3.48-3.55 (1H, m), 3.57-3.71 (2H, m), 4.23-4.42 (2H, m), 6.90 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz), 7.06-7.13 (2H, m), 7.28-7.35 (3H, m), 7.47 (2H, s), 7.67 (1H, s), 8.14 (1H, d, J=5.0 Hz).

FORMULATION EXAMPLE 1

1) compound of Reference Example 3 30 mg 2) microcrystalline cellulose 10 mg 3) lactose 19 mg 4) magnesium stearate  1 mg total 60 mg

The above-mentioned 1), 2), 3) and 4) are mixed and packed in a gelatin capsule.

FORMULATION EXAMPLE 2

1) compound of Reference Example 3 30 g 2) lactose 50 g 3) corn starch 15 g 4) carboxymethylcellulose calcium 44 g 5) magnesium stearate  1 g total of 1000 tablets 140 g 

The total amount of the above-mentioned 1), 2) and 3) and 30 g of 4) are kneaded with water, vacuum dried and granulated. The resulting granules were mixed with 14 g of 4) and 1 g of 5) and tableted with a punching machine. In this way, 1000 tablets containing 30 mg of the compound of Reference Example 3 per tablet are obtained.

EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 1 cAMP Production Increasing Activity of the Compounds of the Present Invention in Human TGR5 Expressing CHO Cells

Human TGR5 expressing CHO cells prepared by the method described in WO 02/84286 were seeded in a 96 well plate at a concentration of 4×10⁴ cells/well, cultured overnight at 37° C., and used for the measurement of the cAMP production amount. As the assay buffer, Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS, Invitrogen) supplemented with 0.1% bovine serum albumin (BSA, Sigma) and 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX, Sigma) was used. A test compound sample (1 μM) diluted with the assay buffer was added to the cells. The cells were incubated at 37° C. for 30 min. and the supernatant was suctioned. The intracellular cAMP amount increased by the stimulation of the test compound was quantitatively determined using a HitHunter™ EFC Cyclic AMP Chemiluminescence Assay Kit (ABI) kit.

The cAMP amount in the test compound addition well was determined as a relative value (control %), wherein the cAMP amount of the well added with lithocholic acid (LCA), which is a TGR5 agonist, to a concentration of 1 μM was 100% and the cAMP amount of the well free of the addition was 0%. The results are shown in Table 1. In the Table, the data show an average of 3 groups. TABLE 1 cAMP production increasing activity of test compounds in human TGR5 expressing CHO cells cAMP production increasing activity test compounds (control %) Reference Example 1 97 Reference Example 2 108 Reference Example 3 85 Reference Example 4 80 Reference Example 5 116 Reference Example 6 98 Reference Example 9 128 Example 1B 113 Example 9C 96 Example 14C 100 Example 18C 112 lithocholic acid 100

Therefrom it is clear that the compounds of the present invention have a cAMP production increasing activity and are superior agonists for human TGR5.

EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 2 cAMP Production Increasing Activity of the Compounds of the Present Invention in Mock CHO Cells Free of Human TGR5 Expression

Mock CHO cells free of human TGR5 expression, prepared by the method described in WO 02/84286, were seeded in a 96 well plate at a concentration of 2×10⁴ cells/well, incubated overnight at 37° C. under 5% CO₂, and used for the measurement of the cAMP production amount. As the assay buffer, Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS, Invitrogen) supplemented with 0.1% bovine serum albumin (BSA, Sigma) and 0.2 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX, Sigma) was used. The cells were washed twice with the assay buffer and preincubated at 37° C. for 30 min. The cells were washed twice, and test compound samples (10 μM) diluted with the assay buffer to various concentrations were added. The cells were incubated at 37° C. for 20 min. The culture supernatant was discarded, and the cAMP production amount was measured using a cAMP Screen System (ABI). In addition, using Forskolin (reagent capable of nonspecifically increasing cAMP production) (2 μM) and lithocholic acid (TGR5 agonist) (10 μM) instead of the test compound, a similar test was performed. The results are shown in Table 2. In the Table, the data show an average of 3 groups, and Base shows non-addition of the compound. TABLE 2 cAMP production increasing activity of test compounds in mock CHO cells test compounds cAMP production increasing activity (Reference Example No) (pmol) Base 0.85 Forskolin 4.02 lithocholic acid 0.90 1 0.84 2 0.89 3 0.67 4 0.79 5 0.99 6 0.88 7 0.86 9 0.85

It is clear that the compounds of the present invention are human TGR5 specific agonists, because increased cAMP production confirmed in Experimental Example 1 was not observed in mock CHO cells free of TGR5 expression.

EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 3 cAMP Production Increasing Activity of the Compounds of the Present Invention in Rabbit TGR5 Expressing CHO Cells

Rabbit TGR5 expressing CHO cells prepared by the method described in WO 02/84286 were seeded in a 96 well plate at concentration of 2×10⁴ cells/well, incubated overnight at 37° C. under 5% CO₂, and used for the measurement of the cAMP production amount. As the assay buffer, Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS, Invitrogen) supplemented with 0.1% bovine serum albumin (BSA, Sigma) and 0.2 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX, Sigma) was used. The cells were washed twice with the assay buffer and preincubated at 37° C. for 30 min. The cells were washed twice and test compound samples (2 μM) diluted with the assay buffer were added. The cells were incubated at 37° C. for 20 min. The culture supernatant was discarded, and the cAMP production amount was measured using a cAMP Screen System (ABI).

The cAMP amount in the test compound addition well was determined as a relative value (control %), wherein the cAMP amount of the well added with lithocholic acid (LCA), which is a TGR5 agonist, to a concentration of 10 μM was 100% and the cAMP amount of the well free of the addition was 0%. The results are shown in Table 3. In the Table, the data show an average of 3 groups. TABLE 3 cAMP production increasing activity of test compounds in rabbit TGR5 expressing CHO cells test compounds cAMP production increasing activity (Reference Example No) (control %) 1 84 2 71 3 97 4 57 5 95 6 100 7 104 9 95 lithocholic acid (2 μM) 65 lithocholic acid (10 μM) 100

Therefrom it is clear that the compounds of the present invention have a cAMP production increasing activity and are superior agonists for rabbit TGR5.

EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 4 cAMP Production Increasing Activity of the Compounds of the Present Invention in Mock CHO Cells Free of Human TGR5 Expression

In the same manner as in Experimental Example 2, the cAMP production increasing activity of the test compounds (2 μM) was determined. The results are shown in Table 4. In the Table, the data show an average of 3 groups, and Base shows non-addition of the compound. TABLE 4 cAMP production increasing activity of test compounds in mock CHO cells test compound cAMP production increasing activity (Example No) (pmol) Base 0.28 Forskolin 5.68 1B 0.23

It is clear that the compounds of the present invention are human TGR5 specific agonists, because increased cAMP production confirmed in Experimental Example 1 was not observed in mock CHO cells free of TGR5 expression.

EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 5 cAMP Production Increasing Activity of the Compounds of the Present Invention in Mock CHO Cells Free of Human TGR5 Expression

In the same manner as in Experimental Example 2, the cAMP production increasing activity of the test compounds (2 μM) was determined. The results are shown in Table 5. In the Table, the data show an average of 3 groups, and Base shows non-addition of the compound. TABLE 5 cAMP production increasing activity of test compounds in mock CHO cells test compounds cAMP production increasing activity (Example No) (pmol) Base 0.19 Forskolin 3.01  9C 0.2 14C 0.17 18C 0.17

It is clear that the compounds of the present invention are human TGR5 specific agonists, because increased cAMP production confirmed in Experimental Example 1 was not observed in mock CHO cells free of TGR5 expression.

EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 6 cAMP Production Increasing Activity of the Compounds of the Present Invention in Rabbit TGR5 Expressing CHO Cells

In the same manner as in Experimental Example 3, the cAMP production increasing activity of the test compounds (2 μM) was determined. The results are shown in Table 6. In the Table, the data show an average of 3 groups. TABLE 6 cAMP production increasing activity of test compounds in rabbit TGR5 expressing CHO cells test compounds cAMP production increasing activity (Example No) (control %)  1B 71.2  9C 99 14C 116 18C 106 lithocholic acid (2 μM) 60.6 lithocholic acid (10 μM) 100

It is clear that the compounds of the present invention have a cAMP production increasing activity and are superior agonists for rabbit TGR5.

EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 7 Suppressing Effect of Test Compounds on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Induced Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) α Secretion in THP-TGR5 Cells

TGR5 high expression cells were established by introducing TGR5 gene into human macrophage cells line THP-1. According to a conventional method, pcDNA-TGR5 incorporating cDNA of human TGR5 in pcDNA3.1 (Invitrogen) was prepared. Then, THP-1 was cultured in a medium (RPMI1640 10% FBS), and pcDNA-TGR5 was introduced thereinto using lipofectamine (Gibco BRL) according to conventional methods. Thereafter, G418 (Gibco BRL) was added to the medium to select resistant strains, and cells line, THP-TGR5 that expresses TGR5 stably and highly was established.

THP-TGR5 thus obtained was diluted to a concentration of 1×10⁵/well and cultured overnight in a 96 well plate in the presence of 10⁻⁸M phorbol ester (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.). THP-TGR5 after culture was cultured for 1 hr in a medium containing a test compound or a control medium (0.1 ml) free of a test compound, 0.1 ml of a medium containing the same concentration of the test compound or a control medium free of the test compound, each of which containing LPS for induction of TNF α secretion was added (concentration at the time of addition 50 ng/ml) and the mixture was incubated at 37° C. under 5% CO₂ for 14 hrs. The culture supernatant was collected and the TNF α content was measured with the growth suppressing effect on the TNF sensitive cell line L929 (RIKEN Institute) as an index.

L929 cells were seeded in a 96 well plate at 1.2×10⁴/well and incubated overnight at 37° C. under 5% CO₂. The obtained culture product was cultured overnight in a medium (phenol red free Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (Invitrogen) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Invitrogen), 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomycin), which contained the aforementioned THP-TGR5-containing culture supernatant and 2 μg/ml Actinomycin D (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.). The TNF α content was determined by measuring the growth of the L929 cells in the obtained culture product using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.). As the standard sample, human recombinant TNF α (Genzyme) was used. The results are shown in Table 7. TABLE 7 suppressing effect of test compound on lipopolysaccharide induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α secretion in THP-TGR5 cells test compounds TNF α LPS (Example No) (ng/ml) − non-addition 2.7 + non-addition 11 + LCA 50 μM 1.1 + TLCA 50 μM 0.22 + Reference Example 3 10 μM 0.33 + Reference Example 6 10 μM 0.32 + Reference Example 1B 10 μM 0.63

As shown in Table 7, bile acids [TLCA (taurolithocholic acid), LCA (lithocholic acid)], which are endogenous agonists for TGR5, and the compounds of the present invention showed a remarkable suppressing activity on TNF α secretion in THP-TGR5. From these results, the compounds of the present invention were confirmed to have a suppressing effect on TNF α secretion via TGR5 in macrophage, and that TGR5 is involved in the control of immune function in living organisms.

EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 8 Confirmation of TGR5 Expression in NCI-H716 Cells

TGR5 expression was analyzed according to the method described in WO 02/084286, Example 17.

Human colorectal cancer-derived cell line NCI-H716 (ATCC) was cultured in a medium (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM, Invitrogen) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Invitrogen), 100 U/ml penicillin, 100 μg/ml streptomycin). The cells were collected, and total RNA was extracted by Isogen (NIPPON GENE CO., LTD.). For quantitation of the expression amount of mRNA, ABI PRISM 7700 SequenceDetector (Applied Biosystems) was used. The primer and probe used for the quantitation of the expression amount were designed using PrimerExpress (Applied Biosystems), a software exclusively for ABI PRISM 7700 SequenceDetector, based on the nucleotide sequence of human TGR5 (SEQ ID NO:1). The cDNA to be the template was synthesized from 1 μg of polyA+RNA derived from various human tissues (Clontech) using a random primer at 42° C. For reverse transcription reaction, SuperScriptII reverse transcription enzyme (GIBCO BRL) was used and the reaction was carried out according to the attached protocol. The reaction mixture for the ABI PRISM 7700 Sequence Detector was prepared according to the manual of TaqMan Universal PCR Master Mix (Applied Biosystems). To be specific, a master mix (12.5 μl), a primer (0.9 μM), a probe (0.25 μM) and a cDNA solution of each sample (1 μl) were mixed and distilled water was added to the total amount of 25 μl. For the reaction by the ABI PRISM 7700 SequenceDetector, a cycle of 50° C. 2 min, 95° C. 10 min, 95° C. 15 sec and 60° C. 1 min was repeated 40 times.

As a result, expression of 6508 copies was observed per total RNA 25 ng of NCI-H716 cells.

EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 9 Intracellular cAMP Production Increasing Action in NCI-H716 Cells

NCI-H716 (ATCC) was suspended in a medium (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM, Invitrogen) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Invitrogen), 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomycin), seeded in a 96 well plate, cultured for 2 days and used for cAMP production assay. As a cAMP assay buffer, modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer (KRBH, 116 mM NaCl, 4.7 mM KCl, 1.2 mM KH₂PO₄, 1.2 MM MgSO₄, 2.5 mM CaCl₂, 25 mM NaHCO₃, 24 mM HEPES pH 7.3), supplemented with glucose 5.5 mM, bovine serum albumin (BSA) 0.1%, and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX, Sigma) 1 mM, was used. The cells were washed once with cAMP assay buffer. Bile acids (50 μM) diluted with cAMP assay buffer or the compounds of the present invention (10 μM) were added thereto and the cells were incubated for 2 hrs. The culture supernatant was discarded, and the cAMP production amount was measured by cAMP Screen System (ABI). The results are shown in Table 8. In the Table, Base means non-addition of a test compound. TABLE 8 Intracellular cAMP production increasing action of test compounds in NCI-H716 cells test compounds cAMP production (Example No) increasing activity* (%) Base 11 Example 9 C 10 μM 109 Example 14 10 μM 104 Example 22C 10 μM 100 Example 46 10 μM 112 TLCA 50 μM 100 LCA 50 μM 107 *Production amount in TLCA (50 μM) was 100%.

As shown in Table 8, bile acids [TLCA (taurolithocholic acid), LCA (lithocholic acid)], which are endogenous agonists for TGR5 and the compounds of he present invention showed a cAMP production increasing action. From these results, it was shown that endogenous agonists for TGR5 and the compounds of the resent invention increase cAMP production in NCI-H716 cells via TGR5.

EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 10 Increasing Effect on GLP-1 Secretion from NCI-H716 Cell Line

NCI-H716 cells secrete Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). GLP-1 is a peptide useful for controlling blood glucose level because it acts on the pancreas to cause secretion of insulin and the like. In the same manner as in Experimental Example 9, NCI-H716 (ATCC) was seeded in a 96 well plate and, after incubation for 2 days, used for the following secretion test. As a buffer for secretion test, modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer (KRBH, 116 mM NaCl, 4.7 mM KCl, 1.2 mM KH₂PO₄, 1.2 mM MgSO₄, 2.5 mM CaCl₂, 25 mM NaHCO₃, 24 mM HEPES, pH 7.3) supplemented with glucose 5.5 mM and BSA 0.1% was used. The cells were washed once with the buffer for secretion test, preincubated at 37° C. under 5% CO₂, bile acid diluted with the buffer for secretion test was added and the cells were cultured at 37° C. under 5% CO₂ for 2 hrs. The cell culture supernatant was collected, cryopreserved and the GLP-1 content in the supernatant was measured using a GLP-1 measurement EIA kit (Linco) The results are shown in Table 9. In the Table, Base means non-addition of a test compound. TABLE 9 Increasing effect of test compounds on GLP-1 secretion from NCI-H716 cell line test compounds GLP-1 secretion increase** (Example No) (%) Base 100 Example 14 5 μM 157 Example 22C 5 μM 127 Example 46 5 μM 165 TLCA 25 μM  124 LCA 25 μM  121 **Secretion amount in Base was 100%.

As shown in Table 9, bile acids [TLCA (taurolithocholic acid), LCA (lithocholic acid)], which are endogenous agonists for TGR5, and the compounds of the present invention increased GLP-1 secretion. From these results, it was shown that endogenous agonists for TGR5 and the compounds of the present invention increased GLP-1 in NCI-H716 cells via TGR5.

EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 11 cAMP Production Increasing Activity of the Compounds of the Present Invention in Guinea Pig TGR5-Expressing CHO Cells

First, cloning of cDNA encoding guinea pig-derived TGR5 and determination of its nucleotide sequence were performed.

PCR was performed using guinea pig spleen cDNA as a template and primer (SEQ ID NO: 13) and primer 2 (SEQ ID NO: 14). PCR was performed using GC melt DNA Polymerase (Clonetech) under 1) 95° C. 2 min, 2) 35 cycles of 98° C. 10 sec, 63° C. 20 sec and 72° C. 1 min, and then elongation reaction at 72° C. 7 min. After the reaction, the amplification product was cleaved with restriction enzymes SalI and SpeI and cloned into pAKKO111H. This was introduced into Escherichia coli DH5alpha (Toyobo) and the clones having the plasmid were selected from LB agar medium containing ampicillin. By the analysis of the nucleotide sequence of each clone, a cDNA sequence (SEQ ID NO: 11) encoding a novel G protein coupled receptor protein was obtained. A novel protein containing an amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 12) derived from the cDNA was named as guinea pig TGR5. In addition, the transformant was named as Escherichia coli DH5alpha/pAKKO guinea pig TGR5. Using the transformant, guinea pig type TGR5 expressing CHO cells were prepared according to the method described in WO02/84286.

The guinea pig type TGR5 expressing CHO cells were seeded in one 150 cm² flask at 1×10⁷ cells, and cultured overnight at 37° C., 5% CO₂. After culture, the cells were detached with 0.5 mM EDTA/PBS, washed with PBS, and suspended in Buffer 1 (HBSS+0.1% BSA, 25 mM HEPES pH 7.3, 0.5 mM IBMX) at a density of 1×10⁷ cells/ml. The obtained cell suspension (460 μl), anti-cAMP acceptor beads (23 μl) of AlphaScreen cAMP assay kit (Perkin Elmer) and Buffer 1 (667 μl) were mixed and dispensed to a white 96 well plate (Costar) by 10 μl. Then, a test compound diluted with Buffer 1 was added to each well by 10 μl. At this time, one row of the plate was free of the cell suspension but added with anti-cAMP acceptor beads (9 μl) and Buffer 1 (441 μl) alone, and serial dilutions of cAMP were added instead of the test compound and used as the standard. A mixture of the cell suspension and the test compound contained in the plate was allowed to react at room temperature for 30 min. After 30 min, a mixture of Buffer 2 (HBSS+0.1% BSA, 25 mM HEPES pH 7.3, 1.5% Tween 20, 13.2 ml), Biotinyl cAMP (22 μl), and Streptavin donor beads (90.2 μl) of AlphaScreen cAMP assay kit was added to all wells of the plate by 30 μl. The plate was shaken at room temperature for 2.5 hrs and fluorescence intensity was measured by Fusion α (Parkin Elmer), and the cAMP concentration of each well was calculated using the cAMP standard on each plate.

The cAMP production amount by the test compound (2 μM) was shown in a relative value (control %) to the cAMP production amount with the addition achieving 10 μM of lithocholic acid (LCA), as 100%. The results are shown in Table 10. In the Table, the data show an average of 3 groups. TABLE 10 cAMP production increasing activity of test compounds in guinea pig TGR5 expressing CHO cells test compounds cAMP producing activity (Example No.) (control %) LCA (lithocholic acid) 100 Example 14 76 Example 30 86 Example 43 82 Example 46 77 Example 22C 101 Example 23C 119 Example 32C 89 Example 33C 111 Example 42C 104

Therefrom it is clear that the compounds of the present invention have a cAMP production increasing activity and are superior agonists for guinea pig TGR5.

EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 12 Suppressing Activity on TNF and IL-6 Secretion in LPS-Stimulated Guinea Pig Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

The peripheral blood was taken from guinea pig, and mononuclear cell fraction was obtained by a density separation method using Ficoll-Paque PLUS (Amersham Pharmacia). The fraction at a concentration of 1×10⁵/well was cultured for 16 hrs in the presence of 30 mg/ml LPS in a 96-well plate upon addition of bile acid or a test compound. The culture supernatant was collected and TNF and IL-6 in the supernatant were quantitated.

The TNF secretion amount in the culture supernatant was measured in the same manner as in Experimental Example 7.

The quantitation of IL-6 in the culture supernatant was performed using IL-6 dependent cell line 7TD1 (RIKEN Institute) with its growth promoting action as an index. First, 7TD1 cells were suspended in a basic medium (RPMI1640 (Invitrogen) supplemented with 1% non-essential amino acid (Invitrogen) and 55 μM 2-mercaptoethanol (Invitrogen)) and seeded in a 96-well plate at a concentration of 2×10³/well. Immediately after seeding, peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture supernatant diluted with a dilution medium (the above-mentioned basic medium supplemented with 10% FBS) was added and the cells were cultured for 2 days. The IL-6 content was determined by measuring the growth of the 7TD1 cells in the obtained culture product using a CellTiter-Glo (Promega). As the standard sample, human recombinant IL-6 (Genzyme) was used. The results are shown in Tables 11 and 12. TABLE 11 TNF secretion suppressing action of test compounds in LPS-stimulated guinea pig peripheral blood mononuclear cells test compounds TNFα LPS (Example No.) (pg/ml) − non-addition 13 + non-addition 160 + TLCA 50 μM 60 + Example 22C 10 μM 66 + Example 14 10 μM 83

TABLE 12 IL-6 secretion suppressing action of test compounds in LPS-stimulated guinea pig peripheral blood mononuclear cells test compounds IL-6 LPS (Example No.) (pg/ml) − non-addition 32 + non-addition 520 + TLCA 50 μM 260 + Example 22C 10 μM 170 + Example 14 10 μM 260

As shown in Tables 11 and 12, bile acids [TLCA (taurolithocholic acid)], which are endogenous agonists for TGR5, and the compounds of the present invention showed a remarkable suppressing activity on TNF α and IL-6 secretion in LPS-stimulated guinea pig peripheral blood mononuclear cells. From these results, it was shown that the compounds of the present invention have a TNFα and IL-6 secretion suppressing action via TGR5 and that TGR5 is involved in the control of immune function in living organisms.

EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 13 cAMP Production Increasing Activity of the Compounds of the Present Invention in Rat Type TGR5 Expressing CHO Cells

The rat type TGR5 expressing CHO cells prepared according to the method described in WO02/84286 were seeded in one 150 cm² flask at 1×10⁷ cells, and cultured overnight at 37° C., 5% CO₂. After culture, the cells were detached with 0.5 mM EDTA/PBS, washed with PBS, and suspended in Buffer 1 (HBSS+0.1% BSA, 25 mM HEPES pH 7.3, 0.5 mM IBMX) at a density of 1×10⁷ cells/ml. The obtained cell suspension (460 μl), anti-cAMP acceptor beads (23 μl) of AlphaScreen cAMP assay kit (Perkin Elmer) and Buffer 1 (667 μl) were mixed and dispensed to a white 96 well plate (Costar) by 10 μl. Then, a test compound diluted with Buffer 1 was added to each well by 10 μl. At this time, one row of the plate was free of the cell suspension but added with anti-cAMP acceptor beads (9 μl) and Buffer 1 (441 μl) alone, and serial dilutions of cAMP were added instead of the test compound and used as the standard. A mixture of the cell suspension and the test compound contained in the plate was allowed to react at room temperature for 30 min. After 30 min, a mixture of Buffer 2 (HBSS+0.1% BSA, 25 mM HEPES pH 7.3, 1.5% Tween 20, 13.2 ml), Biotinyl cAMP (22 μl), and Streptavin donor beads (90.2 μl) of AlphaScreen cAMP assay kit was added to all wells of the plate by 30 μl. The plate was shaken at room temperature for 2.5 hrs and fluorescence intensity was measured by Fusion α (Parkin Elmer), and the cAMP concentration of each well was calculated using the cAMP standard on each plate.

The cAMP production amount by each of the test compounds (2 μM) was shown in a relative value (control %) to the cAMP production amount with the addition achieving 10 μM of lithocholic acid (LCA) as 100%. The results are shown in Table 13. In the Table, the data show an average of 3 groups. TABLE 13 cAMP production increasing activity of test compounds in rat TGR5 expressing CHO cells cAMP producing activity test compounds (control %) LCA (lithocholic acid) 100 TDCA (taurodeoxycholic acid) 140 Reference Example 33 92 Example 17 107 Example 30 114 Example 46 104 Example 30B 108 Example 9C 112 Example 23C 148 Example 33C 149 Example 61C 101

Therefrom it is clear that the compounds of the present invention have a cAMP production increasing activity and are superior agonists for rat TGR5.

EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 14 cAMP Production Increasing Activity of the Compounds of the Present Invention in Human TGR5 Expressing CHO Cells

In the same manner as in Experimental Example 1, cAMP production increasing activity of the test compound was measured. The cAMP production amount by the test compound was shown in a relative value (control %) to the CAMP production amount with the addition achieving 1 μM of lithocholic acid (LCA) as 100%, and the concentration (EC₅₀ value) necessary to make the cAMP production amount of the test compound 50% was calculated. As a result, the EC₅₀ value (nM) was 300-600 for lithocholic acid, and those of the compounds of Reference Example 33, Example 14, Example 17, Example 30, Example 43, Example 46, Example 60, Example 23B, Example 30B, Example 33C, Example 42C, Example 45C, Example 60C and Example 61C were less than 100.

Therefrom it is clear that the compounds of the present invention have a superior cAMP production increasing activity and are superior agonists for human TGR5.

EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 15 GLP-1 Secretion from Guinea Pig Intestine Primary Culture Cells

Colon mucous membrane of guinea pig (Hartley, male, Charles River Japan, Inc.) was removed and subjected to an enzyme treatment to give a cell dispersion according to the following method.

The enzyme solution used was obtained by dissolving 5 mg/ml Collagenase (Sigma), 5 mg/ml Hyaluronidase (Sigma) and 0.5 mg/ml DNaseI (Sigma) in a medium. The medium used was Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM, Invitrogen) supplemented with 4.5 g/l Glucose, 5% FBS (Invitrogen), 100 units/ml Penicillin (Invitrogen), 100 μg/ml Streptomycin (Invitrogen), 50 μg/ml Gentamicin (Invitrogen) and 20 mM Hepes (pH 7.3). After digestion by the enzyme solution at 37° C., the tissue sections were prepared into dispersed cells by passing through a pipette 4 times and the cells were collected. The collected cells were washed with a buffer (incubation buffer) obtained by adding 5.5 mM Glucose and 0.1% BSA to a modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer (KRBH, 116 mM NaCl, 4.7 mM KCl, 1.2 mM KH₂PO₄, 1.2 MM MgSO₄, 2.5 mM CaCl₂, 25 mM NaHCO₃, 24 mM HEPES, pH 7.3), and preincubated at 37° C. under 5% CO₂ for 30 min. 0.1 μM Phorbol ester (Wako), 1% DPPIV inhibitor (Linco) and a test compound were added to the above-mentioned incubation buffer, and the obtained buffer was added to the cells after the aforementioned preincubation and incubated for 90 min. The culture supernatant was collected and cryopreserved. The concentration of GLP-1 released in the culture supernatant was measured using an ELISA kit (Linco). The results are shown in Table 14. TABLE 14 GLP-1 secretion from guinea pig intestine primary culture cells by test compounds test compounds GLP-1 (Example No.) (% relative to non-addition) non-addition 100 TLCA 50 μM 400 LCA 50 μM 333 Example 22C 10 μM 313 Example 14 10 μM 167

Therefrom it has been made clear that bile acids [TLCA (taurolithocholic acid), LCA (lithocholic acid)], which are endogenous agonists for TGR5, and the compounds of the present invention promote GLP-1 secretion from guinea pig intestine primary culture cells.

EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 16 GLP-1 Secretion from Rat Intestine Primary Culture Cells

Terminal ileum and colon mucous membrane were removed from rat (Wistar, male, Charles River Japan, Inc.) and subjected to an enzyme treatment to give a cell dispersion according to the following method.

The enzyme solution used was obtained by dissolving 5 mg/ml Collagenase (Sigma), 5 mg/ml Hyaluronidase (Sigma) and 0.5 mg/ml DNaseI (Sigma) in a medium. The medium used was Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM, Invitrogen) supplemented with 4.5 g/l Glucose, 5% FBS (Invitrogen), 100 units/ml Penicillin (Invitrogen), 100 μg/ml Streptomycin (Invitrogen), 50 μg/ml Gentamicin (Invitrogen) and 20 mM Hepes (pH 7.3). After digestion by the enzyme solution at 37° C., the tissue sections were prepared into dispersed cells by passing through a pipette 7 times and the cells were collected. The collected cells were washed with a buffer (incubation buffer) obtained by adding 5.5 mM Glucose and 0.1% BSA to a modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer (KRBH, 116 mM NaCl, 4.7 mM KCl, 1.2 mM KH₂PO₄, 1.2 mM MgSO₄, 2.5 mM CaCl₂, 25 mM NaHCO₃, 24 mM HEPES, pH 7.3), and preincubated at 37° C. under 5% CO₂ for 30 min. 0.1 μM Phorbol ester (Wako), 1% DPPIV inhibitor (Linco) and a test compound were added to the above-mentioned incubation buffer, and the obtained buffer was added to the cells after the aforementioned preincubation and incubated for 150 min. The culture supernatant was collected and cryopreserved. The concentration of GLP-1 released in the culture supernatant was measured using an ELISA kit (Linco). The results are shown in Table 15. TABLE 15 GLP-1 secretion from rat intestine primary culture cells by test compounds test compounds GLP-1 (Example No.) (% relative to non-addition) non-addition 100 TLCA 100 μM  290 LCA 100 μM  219 Example 23C 20 μM 133 Reference Example 33 20 μM 201 Example 33C 20 μM 214

Therefrom it was confirmed that bile acids [TDCA (taurodeoxycholic acid), LCA (lithocholic acid)], which are endogenous agonists for TGR5, and the compounds of the present invention have a promoting activity on GLP-1 secretion from rat intestine primary culture cells.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The TGR5 receptor agonist of the present invention has a superior TGR5 receptor activating action and is useful for the treatment of various diseases.

In addition, by the use of the compound of the present invention and TGR5, TGR5 ligand, agonist or antagonist can be efficiently screened for. 

1. A method of activating TGR5 receptor which comprises administering a fused ring compound represented by the formula

wherein ring A is an optionally substituted aromatic ring; and ring B′ is a 5- to 9-membered ring having one or more substituents, or a salt thereof or a prodrug thereof.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the fused ring compound has two or more substituents having a cyclic group.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the fused ring compound is a compound represented by the formula

wherein ring A is an optionally substituted aromatic ring; ring B is a 6- to 8-membered ring having three or more substituents; Y is —C(R¹)═, —CH(R¹)—, —N(R¹)— or —N═; and R¹ is a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein ring B′ is a 5- to 8-membered ring having one or more substituents.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the fused ring compound is a compound represented by the formula

wherein ring Aa is an optionally substituted benzene ring; X is ═N—, —NR⁶— (wherein R⁶ is a hydrogen atom or a substituent), —O— or —S(O)n- (wherein n is 0, 1 or 2); . . . is void or a single bond; R^(1a) and R³ are each independently a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group; and R² is an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the fused ring compound is a compound represented by the formula

wherein ring Aa is an optionally substituted benzene ring, Xa is —O—, —S(O)n- (wherein n is 0, 1 or 2) or —NR⁶— (wherein R⁶ is a hydrogen atom or a substituent); R^(1b) and R^(3a) are each independently a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group, an optionally substituted C₂₋₆ alkenyl group, an optionally substituted phenyl group, an optionally substituted aralkyl group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group; R⁴ is a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group; and R⁵ is a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group, an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, an optionally substituted amino group, an optionally substituted hydroxy group or an optionally substituted sulfonyl group, or R⁴ and R⁵ are optionally bonded to each other to form, together with the adjacent nitrogen atom, an optionally substituted nitrogen-containing heterocycle.
 7. The method of claim 6, wherein R^(3a) is an optionally substituted phenyl group.
 8. The method of claim 7, wherein R^(3a) is a phenyl group having substituent(s) at the meta position.
 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the substituent is an acylaminomethyl group.
 10. The method of claim 6, wherein Xa is —O— or —NR⁶— (wherein R⁶ is a hydrogen atom or a substituent).
 11. The method of claim 6, wherein R^(1b) is an optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group.
 12. The method of claim 6, wherein R⁵ is an optionally substituted benzyl group.
 13. The method of claim 6, wherein ring Aa is a benzene ring optionally substituted by a halogen atom, Xa is —O— or —S—, R^(1b) is an optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group or an optionally substituted aralkyl group, R^(3a) is a phenyl group optionally substituted by substituent(s) selected from 1) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by an optionally substituted amino group, an optionally substituted hydroxy group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, 2) an optionally substituted amino group, 3) an optionally substituted heterocyclic group and 4) an acyl group, R⁴ is a hydrogen atom, and R⁵ is an optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group, an optionally substituted aralkyl group, an optionally substituted phenyl group, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group.
 14. The method of claim 1, which is a regulator of physiological function in which TGR5 is involved, or an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of pathology or disease in which TGR5 is involved.
 15. The method of claim 1, which is a cytokine production suppressor.
 16. The method of claim 1, which is a GLP-1 secretion promoter or an insulin secretagogue.
 17. The method of claim 1, which is an anorectic agent, a pancreatic regenerator, a pancreatic β cell differentiation promoter, a pancreatic β cell growth promoter or an insulin sensitizer.
 18. The method of claim 1, which is an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of cardiac failure, cardiac infarction, acute kidney failure, angina pectoris, arrhythmia, bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, arteriosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, obesity, insulin hyposecretion, pancreatic fatigue, gastric ulcer, ulcerative colitis, allergy, osteoarthritis, erythematosus, excessive immune reaction after transplantation or infectious disease, or an immunosuppressant.
 19. (canceled)
 20. (canceled)
 21. A screening method of a ligand, an agonist or an antagonist for TGR5 receptor, which comprises use of a TGR5 receptor protein or a partial peptide thereof or a salt thereof, and the fused ring compound in claim 1 or a salt thereof or a prodrug thereof.
 22. A screening kit for a ligand, an agonist or an antagonist for TGR5 receptor, which comprises a TGR5 receptor protein or a partial peptide thereof or a salt thereof, and the fused ring compound in claim 1 or a salt thereof or a prodrug thereof.
 23. A compound represented by the formula

wherein ring Ab is an optionally substituted aromatic ring; Xb is a divalent hydrocarbon group, —CO— or —SO₂—; Yb is a bond, a divalent hydrocarbon group, —O—, —NRb⁵— (wherein Rb⁵ is a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group) or —S(O)_(nb)— (wherein nb is 0, 1 or 2); Lb is an optionally substituted cyclic group; Rb¹, Rb³ and Rb⁴ are each independently a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, or Rb³ and Rb⁴ in combination form an oxo group; and Rb² is an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, provided that Rb² is not a 3-indolylmethyl group or a 1-methyl-3-indolylmethyl group, or a salt thereof.
 24. The compound of claim 23, wherein Rb² is

wherein Rb⁶ is a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group; and Rb⁷ is a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group, an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, an optionally substituted amino group, an optionally substituted hydroxy group or an optionally substituted sulfonyl group, or Rb⁶ and Rb⁷ are bonded to each other to form, together with the adjacent nitrogen atom, an optionally substituted nitrogen-containing heterocycle.
 25. The compound of claim 23, wherein the aromatic ring for ring Ab is a benzene ring.
 26. The compound of claim 23, wherein Rb³ and Rb⁴ are each a hydrogen atom.
 27. The compound of claim 23, wherein xb is a C₁₋₆ alkylene group or —CO—.
 28. The compound of claim 23, wherein Yb is a bond.
 29. The compound of claim 23, wherein Rb¹ is an optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group.
 30. The compound of claim 23, wherein the cyclic group for Lb is a heterocyclic group.
 31. The compound of claim 30, wherein the heterocyclic group is a pyridyl group.
 32. The compound of claim 31, wherein the pyridyl group is a 4-pyridyl group.
 33. The compound of claim 24, wherein Rb⁷ is an optionally substituted benzyl group.
 34. A prodrug of compound of claim
 23. 35. A pharmaceutical agent comprising the compound of claim 23 or a prodrug thereof.
 36. The agonist of claim 1, wherein the fused ring compound is a compound represented by the formula

wherein ring Ac is an optionally substituted aromatic ring; ring Bc is a nitrogen-containing 6- to 9-membered ring optionally further having substituent(s) besides -Lc-Rc; Xc is an optionally substituted methylene group; Ar is an optionally substituted aromatic group; Rc is an optionally substituted cyclic group;.and Lc is an optionally substituted C₁₋₃ alkylene group, —CONH—, —SO₂NH— or —SO₂—.
 37. A compound represented by the formula

wherein ring Ac is an optionally substituted aromatic ring; ring Bc is a nitrogen-containing 6- to 9-membered ring optionally further having substituent(s) besides -Lc-Rc; Xc is an optionally substituted methylene group; Ar is an optionally substituted aromatic group; Rc is an optionally substituted cyclic group; and Lc is an optionally substituted C₁₋₃ alkylene group, —CONH—, —SO₂NH— or —SO₂—, provided that Xc is not a methylene group substituted by an oxo group, or a salt thereof.
 38. The compound of claim 37, wherein ring Bc is a nitrogen-containing 6- to 8-membered ring optionally further having substituent(s) besides -Lc-Rc, and Ar is an optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl group.
 39. The compound of claim 37, wherein the aromatic ring for ring Ac is a pyridine ring.
 40. The compound of claim 37, which is represented by the formula

wherein ring Ac¹ is an optionally substituted pyridine ring and other symbols are as defined in claim
 37. 41. The compound of claim 37, wherein ring Bc is


42. The compound of claim 37, wherein Xc is a methylene group.
 43. The compound of claim 37, wherein the cyclic group for Rc is a phenyl group.
 44. The compound of claim 37, wherein Rc is a 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group.
 45. The compound of claim 37, wherein Lc is a C₁₋₃ alkylene group optionally substituted by an oxo group or —SO₂—.
 46. The compound of claim 37, wherein Ar is an optionally substituted phenyl group.
 47. A prodrug of the compound of claim
 37. 48. A pharmaceutical agent comprising the compound of claim 37 or a prodrug thereof.
 49. A compound represented by the formula

wherein ring Aa and ring D are each independently an optionally substituted benzene ring; R^(1b) is a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group, an optionally substituted C₂₋₆ alkenyl group, an optionally substituted phenyl group, an optionally substituted aralkyl group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group; L is —CH₂NHCOR⁷, —OCH₂CONR⁸R⁹ or —CH₂-Het (wherein R⁷ is a hydrogen atom, a C₁₋₃ alkyl group or a C₁₋₃ alkoxy group; R⁸ is a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group; R⁹ is a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group; and Het is a nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic group); at least one of Z¹ and Z² is —NR^(4a)— (wherein R^(4a) is a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group) and the other is a bond or —NR^(4a)— (wherein R^(4a) is as defined above); and R^(5a) is a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, or when Z² is —NR^(4a)— (wherein R^(4a) is as defined above), R^(5a) and R^(4a) are optionally bonded to each other to form, together with the adjacent nitrogen atom, an optionally substituted nitrogen-containing heterocycle, or a salt thereof (provided that 3,5-trans-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)-5-(3-acetylaminomethylphenyl)-7-chloro-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepine-3-acetamide; 3,5-trans-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)-7-chloro-5-(3-methoxycarbonylaminomethylphenyl)-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepine-3-acetamide; and 3,5-trans-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)-5-(3-acetylaminomethylphenyl)-1-(4-biphenylmethyl)-7-chloro-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepine-3-acetamide are excluded).
 50. The compound of claim 49, wherein ring D is substituted by L at the meta-position.
 51. The compound of claim 49, wherein L is —CH₂NHCOR⁷ (wherein R⁷ is a hydrogen atom, a C₁₋₃ alkyl group or a C₁₋₃ alkoxy group).
 52. The compound of claim 51, wherein R⁷ is a methyl group or a methoxy group.
 53. The compound of claim 49, wherein one of Z¹ and Z² is —NH— and the other is a bond.
 54. The compound of claim 49, wherein R^(1b) is an optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group.
 55. The compound of claim 49, wherein R^(5a) is an optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group, an optionally substituted C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl group, an optionally substituted C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkyl group, an optionally substituted phenyl group, an optionally substituted C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group.
 56. The compound of claim 49, wherein R^(5a) is a C₁₋₆ alkyl group substituted by an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, an optionally substituted C₇₋₁₄ aralkyl group or an optionally substituted C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkyl group.
 57. A prodrug of the compound of claim
 49. 58. A pharmaceutical agent comprising the compound of claim 49 or a prodrug thereof. 